scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6364
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowska-Długosz ◽  
Mirosław Kobierski ◽  
Jacek Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Main Driver

Most studies on soil enzymes are focused on the upper horizons of the soil profile, even though they transform the soil organic matter at every depth of the soil profile. The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of β-glucosidase (GLU), nitrate reductase (NR), urease (UR), phosphatase (PHA), dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity through 14 trunked soil profiles of the Luvisols formed from a glacial till. The content of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as well as physicochemical properties such as organic carbon (CORG), total nitrogen (NTOT), available P, K and Mg, soil density and porosity, pH in KCl and fractional composition were also studied. In general, enzymatic activity was highest in the top 30 cm layer of the profiles and decreased progressively towards the deeper horizons. The exceptions were the NR activity, which was active only in the Ap horizon and whose activity decreased sharply to nearly zero in the Bt horizon and parent rock, and the PHA activity, which was highly active even in the parent rock depth. The decreased availability of carbon and nutrients was the main driver of decreases in microbial abundance and enzymatic activity with depth. The enzymatic activity, when expressed on a CORG and MBC basis, behaves differently compared to the activity expressed on a soil mass basis. The activity decreased (NR), increased (PHA, UR), showed no clear pattern (GLU) or the changes were not significant (DHA, CAT). The content of CORG, NTOT, K and PAVAIL generally decreased with depth, while for Mg, there was no clear direction in the profile distribution. Future studies to characterize the substrate distribution within the soil profile and enzyme stability will provide further insight into the controls on nutrient cycling and related enzymes throughout the soil profiles.

scholarly journals CHANGE OF THE STOCK OF HUMUS AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN SUCCESSIONAL ECOSYSTEMS NEAR CHANY LAKE TERRITORY OF BARABA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Yakutin ◽  
Lyudmila Yu. Anopchenko
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The study demonstrated that the carbon content of humus and microbial biomass in the soils of successional ecosystems formed in the floodplain of a drying salt lake gradually increases and at the last stages of development reaches the values of zonal chernozem soils of the Baraba plain. The process of accumulation of humus and microbial biomass carbon is slowed down against the background of high salt concentrations in certain horizons of young soil profiles, so that the main reserves of humus and microbial biomass carbon are concentrated in the upper (0-10 cm) layer of emerging soils. This is especially noticeable at the initial stage and the stage of the salt community. At the last stages of succession development (the stages of solonetz and settled meadows on solonetz and chernozem-meadow soils), the reserves of humus carbon and microbial biomass significantly increase against the background of progressive processes of soil profile desalination. And at these stages, there is a significant increase in the reserves of carbon humus and microbial biomass in the 10-20 cm layer.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Paddy and Associated Non Paddy Soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley of Assam

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zenesia A. Phillips ◽  
Dr. R.M Karmakar ◽  
Dr. S. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley

An investigation was done to characterize and classify paddy and associated nonpaddy soils of the Upper Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. In this study,three districts viz., Sivasagar, Jorhat, and Golaghat in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam were selected. These districts are located in the Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone (UBV) of Assam. Combined, they cover an approximate area of 9021 sq. Km or about 55.7 per cent of UBV. Six soil profiles, three each from mono-cropped paddy and, associated nonpaddy areas were collected from the districts mentioned. These samples were collected Horizon wise from each soil profile. Each soil sample was dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. The samples from each pedon were evaluated for morphological and Physicochemical characteristics,based on morphological and physicochemical properties. Thesoils were classified as Aquic Dystric Eutrudepts (P1), Dystric Eutrudepts (NP1, NP2, P3, NP3) and Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts (P2).

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

scholarly journals Vertical differentiation of pedogenic iron forms – a key of hydromorphic soil profile development

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Marianna Ringer ◽  
◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Máté Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Iron Forms

This paper focuses on the vertical distribution and characterisation of pedogenic iron forms in a Gleysol- Histosol transect developed in a marshy area in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary. Four soil profiles were investigated along a series of increasing waterlogging and spatial and temporal patterns of hydromorphic pedofeatures (characteristics of pedogenic iron forms) were recorded. Frequent and wide-range redox potential (Eh) changes caused the emergence of many types of redoximorphic iron features, including mottles, plaques and nodules. The forms of these features depended on the micro-environments determined by the vertical position in the soil profile and the presence of plant roots. The greatest iron enrichment occurred in the zone of most intensive and widest-range redox fluctuations. Increasing water saturation resulted the extension of gleyic pattern due to the existence of permanent reduction. Most of the features also showed annual variations during the varying periods of water saturation and aeration.

scholarly journals Study of Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Staphylolysin Enzyme purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-828
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Full Activity

Some of the characters of the Staphylolysin A and D enzymes purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa P16 and P5 respectively were studied, the molecular weights of Staphylolysin A and D were 20.417 kilo dalton and 23.988 kilo Dalton respectively by SDS- polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH for staphylolysin A activity was found to be 8 which gives higher activity reaches 150 unit/ml, and for enzyme stability was 7.5-8.5 in which the enzyme nearly retained its full activity, while it was 9.5 for staphylolysin D that gives higher activity of 16 unit/ml,and 8.5-9.5 for enzyme stability in which the enzyme nearly retained its full activity, Maximum activity of two enzymes was obtained at 40C in which the specific activity for staphylolysin A and D were 140 and 16.4 unit/ml, and the two enzymes remained approximately without change at 25-40C for one hour. When the effects of some materials on Staphylolysin A&D activity were studied, the results showed that both sodium chloride & potassium chloride at 1 & 5 mM had the activator effect on enzymatic activity compared with its control where the staphylolysin A and D retained 105% ,108% and 102%, 104% of their activity respectively when treated with sodium chloride, while they retained 110%, 114% and 133%, 118% of their activity respectively when treated with potassium chloride. The enzymatic activity for both enzymes were inhibited when treated with ferric , mercury and zinc chloride at variable ratios, Staphylolysin A kept 73% and 7% of its initial activity respectively when treated with 5mM of ferric chloride and mercury chloride respectively and it kept only 9% of its initial activity when treated with 0.1mM Zinc chloride . Staphylolysin D kept 45% and 13% of it is initial activity respectively when treated with 5mM of ferric chloride and mercury chloride respectively and it kept only 23% of its initial activity when treated with 0.1mM Zinc chloride while enzymatic activity for both enzymes were not affected when treated with EDTA at l0mM and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) at 0.4mM.These results referred to that Staphylolysin A and D are Zn -metallo endopeptidase .

Enzymatic activity of a soil profile in the Sudan Gezira

1969 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Musa ◽  
N. O. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sudan Gezira

Influence of soil redox conditions on oxidation of biotite

Clay Minerals ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bouda ◽  
K. P. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Mössbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mossbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Soil Redox ◽  
Mößbauer Spectroscopy

AbstractBiotites from three peaty gleyed podzol soil profiles on ranite bedrock were examined to investigate the oxidation of the octahedral Fe during weathering. Oxidation of these biotites as determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy shows a good correlation with the in situ measured soil Eh values of the sampled horizons. In every soil profile the highest Eh measured is in the A horizon and the lowest in the C horizon. Similarly, biotites from the A horizons are the most oxidized compared with those from the lower horizons. In most of the samples the oxidation is accompanied by loss of K+ from the lattice, as demonstrated by a moderate degree of vermiculitization.

The role of an urban park's tree stand in shaping the enzymatic activity, glomalin content and physicochemical properties of soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 140446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lemanowicz ◽  
Samir A. Haddad ◽  
Agata Bartkowiak ◽  
Robert Lamparski ◽  
Piotr Wojewódzki
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Smectite, chlorite and a regular interlayered chlorite-vermiculite in soils developed on a small serpentinite body Massif Central, France

Clay Minerals ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ducloux ◽  
A. Meunier ◽  
B. Velde
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Chemical Migration

AbstractThree soil profiles developed on a serpentinite body (La Rochel'Abeille, near Limoges) show three stages of weathering. All soils contain iron-rich smectites and secondary chlorites. The latter are very silica-rich, more so than 14 Å chlorites from crystalline rocks. In the (B)1g horizon of the hydromorphic profile, these minerals seem to give a reaction of the type:This reaction, typical of a closed system, appears to be operative in a soil profile which is certainly, in part, open to chemical migration. The chemistry of the weathered serpentinite and the chemical composition of newly formed minerals as well as those of the serpentinite are used to indicate the chemiographic relations of clay minerals formed in the weathering profiles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document