scholarly journals Study of an Ecological Cement-Based Composite with a Sustainable Raw Material, Sunflower Stalk Ash

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7177
Author(s):  
Adrian Alexandru Șerbănoiu ◽  
Cătălina Mihaela Grădinaru ◽  
Nicanor Cimpoeșu ◽  
Dumitru Filipeanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile Șerbănoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Elementary Chemical ◽  
Plant Ash

The use of plant ash as a sustainable cementitious material in concrete composition is a widely researched subject in the construction domain. A plant studied so far more for its thermal insulation properties, sunflower, was analyzed in this study with regard to its ash effects on the concrete composition. The present research aimed to analyze the effects of a 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 30% volume replacement of cement by sunflower stalk ash (SA), a sustainable cementitious material, on the concrete compressive strength at 28 days and three months, the flexural and splitting tensile strengths, the resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, and the resistance to chemical attack of hydrochloric acid. The elementary chemical composition of the SA and the composites was included also. According to the experimental results, SA decreased the values of the compressive and tensile strength of the concrete, but it improved the concrete behavior under repeated freeze–thaw cycles and under the action of hydrochloric acid. A percent of 10% of SA led to a much more pronounced development of compressive strength over time than conventional concrete (26.6% versus 12%).

The Experimental Study on Performance of the High-Content Slag Cementitious Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Zhi Gui Qin ◽  
Wei Xia Zhao ◽  
Xi Nan Cai ◽  
Xiao Lin Yuang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Economic Profit ◽  
Easy Operation

The research adopts the raw material of 89% slag with the composite activators and the compressive strength, hydration heat, temperature and expansion property of the material are studied. And the new cementitious material is obtained with the properties of low-heat and small expansion, convenience-confect, easy-operation and need no mass production. This material has the remarkable economic profit and good application foreground especially in the mass grouting engineering.

scholarly journals Effect of Egg Shell Powder on Strength Behaviour of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 562-564
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shell Powder

The study of strength behaviour of M20 grade concrete, by exchanging the cement partly by powder of egg shell, for which an experimental tests were carried out and the effect of egg shell powder (0%,5%.10%,15%) on compressive strength characteristics were studied. The result of this present investigation shows that the replacement of 5% of cement with egg shell powder attains the maximum compressive strength. The best and economical percentage exchange of replacement of powder of egg shell (ESP) with cement is about 5% and also reduces the cost of concrete with the use of powder of egg shell, which is available freely as raw material and then it is grinded well to make powder. The egg shell is available from municipal solid waste and is mixed in powder form in concrete by exchanging the cement and is found that 5% replacement is very effective in the improvement of strength properties when compared to the conventional concrete. Also the exchangement of 5% ESP in cement gives higher split tensile strength as compared to other cement ingredient mixtures. In this study, it is fixed that 0.45 is the w/c ratio and it produces medium degree of workability which is suitable for most of the concrete mixtures on site. The addition of eggshell powder as filler in concrete has improved the strength of concrete and also improved and better split tensile strength.

Chemical attack on concrete containing a high volume of crumb rubber as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in engineered cementitious composite (ECC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽  
Muhammad Ali Musarat ◽  
Sani Haruna ◽  
Bassam Tayeh ◽  
Muhammad Nurzahin Bin Norizan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Engineered Cementitious Composite ◽  
Chemical Attack

This research has been conducted where the focus is on the chemical attack towards the Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) containing a high volume of the crumb rubber in terms of durability, behaviour, and comparison with conventional concrete. Two variables have been considered in developing rubberized ECC mixtures, i.e. the amount of crumb rubber as a replacement to fine aggregate by volume of 0-30% and PVA fibres by volume of 0-2% to cementitious materials. The resistance properties of ECC incorporating crumb rubber were investigated for 13 different variable combinations developed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental results revealed that the presence of crumb rubber in the ECC matrix enhanced the resistance of the ECC in both acidic and sulphate environments. It was also revealed that by incorporating 15% of crumb rubber, the loss of compressive strength significantly reduced from 38% to 15%

Study on Performance of New JJH Soil Solidifying Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
En Yu Sun ◽  
Xi Kuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
National Technical ◽  
New Type ◽  
Train Of Thought

The paper is on the basis of the study on mechanism of Soil solidifying agent,and created a New JJH Soil solidifying agent compounded of NaOH and slag micropowder which are the main raw material,then studied its properties. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength, water stability and freeze thaw stability of the new soil solidified agent are performance. It can meet the requirements in relevant national technical specification, the 7d age strength of solidified soil is more than 2MPa and water stability coefficient is more than 0.8. opens up a new train of thought to a new type of soil solidifying agent.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete after Freeze-Thaw Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

A freeze-thaw resistance is an important indicator of the durability of alkali-activated slag concrete, which causes structural failure when the performance is low, especially in severely cold areas. In this study, solid sodium aluminate and sodium silicate were used as composite alkaline activators, while slag was used as the raw material to prepare alkali-activated slag concrete, whose freeze-thaw resistance, as well as that of ordinary cement concrete, was experimentally studied by varying the freeze-thaw cycles. The effects of the mass, compressive strength, and dynamic elastic modulus of the sample were investigated by considering the influence of different water-to-slag ratios and slag contents, while the damage variables and model were also analyzed. The results showed that alkali-activated slag concrete had an excellent freeze-thaw resistance, which was significantly affected by the water-to-slag ratio and compressive strength; specifically, the higher the water-to-slag ratio, the lower the freeze-thaw resistance, and the higher the compressive strength, the better the freeze-thaw resistance. The freeze-thaw durability, microstructure, and damage mechanism were studied via microscopic analysis. When analyzed via the microstructure test, crack pores and microcracks with narrow spaces and large surface areas were generated under freeze-thaw damage conditions, but the dense hydration structure and high-bonding-strength hydration products led to a better freeze-thaw resistance. The damage model was established using compressive strength and relative dynamic elastic modulus as damage variables, and the attenuation exponential and accumulative damage power function model had a high accuracy, which could better reflect the freeze-thaw damage law and damage degree and predict the lifetime of alkali-activated slag concrete.

Study on Slag-Based Geopolymer Hydration Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 477 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Zhao Yang Ding ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
L.G. Qiu ◽  
Zhi Tong Sui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

As environment-friendly or green cement, the geopolymer cementitious material has high early age strength, good volume stability and durability. In this paper, the mechanical properties of geopolymer hydrates at different hydrating ages were studied by changing the oxide content of raw material. The results showed that the chemical-combined water kept increasing as hydrating age prolonged, and reached the maximum at n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=3.9, n(H2O)/n(SiO2)=2.3 and n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3)=0.6. With the development of hydration, the pH value of geopolymer paste showed fluctuated: pH value kept increased at the age of 1d～3d, then decreased at the age of 3d～7d, at the age of 7d～14d the pH value increased again and at last it remained constant at the age of 14d～28d. 28d compressive strength of geopolymer paste reached the maximum as chemical-combined water content was 0.09g～0.10g and pH value was 10～11.

scholarly journals Conceptualization and Design of a Small Pyrolysis Plant for the Sustainable Production of Flexible Bricks and Bituminous Concrete from Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngonidzashe L. Shangwa ◽  
Wilson R. Nyemba ◽  
Simon Chinguwa ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
Bituminous Concrete

Polyethylene terephthalate is majorly used for packaging of various products because of its resistance to chemical attack and environmental degradation, but the proper disposal of this non-biodegradable material has been a major challenge. Pyrolysis is the melting of plastic in the absence of oxygen. Currently pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate is considered as a viable recycling method since it only requires 5% of the calorific value of polyethylene terephthalate. This research was aimed at designing a pyrolysis plant for the production of construction materials with acceptable mechanical properties such as compressive strength and water absorption. Sustainable, eco-friendly road construction from bituminous concrete with waste polyethylene terephthalate has the capability of reducing carbon emissions. The polyethylene terephthalate bituminous composite has the flexibility of plastic but strength of concrete. The bricks have a maximum compressive strength of 10 N/mm2 which is within the standard range and have less water absorbing tendencies hence have a longer lifespan. Value addition is equally important in the pyrolysis plant so as to contribute to sustainable development. This book chapter reviews the different products such as polyethylene terephthalate composite bricks and flexible pavements which can effectively use polyethylene terephthalate waste as a raw material.

scholarly journals Influence of Pore-Size Distribution on the Resistance of Clay Brick to Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Netinger Grubeša ◽  
Martina Vračević ◽  
Jonjaua Ranogajec ◽  
Snežana Vučetić
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up

This study examines the influence of raw material characteristics, methods of shaping and of parameters of firing process of clay bricks, on pore-size distribution and on resistance to freeze–thaw cycles (with particular emphasis on the retention time of the specimens at the maximum achieved temperature). Pore-size distribution was measured by mercury-intrusion porosimetry, while the resistance to freeze–thaw cycles was assessed by exposing the bricks to freeze–thaw cycles (HRN B.D8.011 standard) monitoring the appearance of surface changes, decrease of compressive strength as well as the Maage factor. A correlation was set up between the Maage factor and the ratio of the compressive strength before and after freezing as a quantitative indicator of bricks resistance to frost. By using this correlation for all the examined bricks, regardless of their raw material and shaping procedure, a low coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.26) was obtained. When processed separately, machine-made bricks had a significantly higher correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.60) than the hand-made bricks (R2 = 0.28).

Influence of Acidic Environments on Cement and Polymer-Cement Concretes Degradation

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Julia Sokołowska ◽  
Piotr Woyciechowski ◽  
Grzegorz Adamczewski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Acidic Environments ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation

Cement concrete is hardly considered as the acid resistant material however it should be possible to compare the ability of various cement based composites to resist the sever and chemically aggressive environments. The paper presents assessment of the resistance of cement concretes (of two types of mineral binders) as well as polymer-cement concretes (PCC) to hydrochloric acid. Due to the lack of proper standard procedures the tests were conducted according to the DBME own procedure: concrete specimens were exposed to acids of various concentrations and for various exposure times. The criteria for evaluation the concrete ability to resist the chemical attack were changes of mass, compressive and flexural strength. As PCC is considered to be a composite of better chemical tolerance it was treated as a kind of the reference material (chosen PCC characterized with similar compressive strength level as the previously introduced cement concretes). Approach used in the presented research enabled to compare different composites of similar compressive strength, the basic property to be taken into account in the design of the concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

The Durability of Fine Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 1144 ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Šefflová ◽  
Tereza Pavlů
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Concrete Mixtures

This paper is focused on the durability of recycled aggregate (FRA) concrete. The durability of FRA concrete is connected with many uncertainties and doubts. This paper presents results of long-term of compressive strength, freeze – thaw resistance and carbonation depth of FRA concrete. The FRA was originated from crushed old concrete structures. There were prepared a total four concrete mixture. The first mixture was reference with natural sand. In other concrete mixtures, natural sand was replaced by the FRA in various replacement ratios, specifically 10 %, 20 % and 30 %. All prepared concrete mixtures were designated with the same parameters for clear comparison. It is possible to say that according to the durability, the FRA concrete is possible to used in the same applications as conventional concrete. However it is necessary to verify this results.

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