scholarly journals Power Conversion Techniques Using Multi-Phase Transformer: Configurations, Applications, Issues and Recommendations

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Md Tabrez ◽  
Pradip Kumar Sadhu ◽  
Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu ◽  
Atif Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Aslam Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Voltage Unbalance ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Multi Phase

Recently, the superiority of multi-phase systems in comparison to three-phase energy systems has been demonstrated with regards to power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization in particular. Generally, two techniques, specifically semiconductor converter and special transformers (static and passive transformation) have been commonly employed for power generation by utilizing multi-phase systems from the available three-phase power system. The generation of multi-phase power at a fixed frequency by utilizing the static transformation method presents certain advantages compared to semiconductor converters such as reliability, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and lower total harmonics distortion (THD). Multi-phase transformers are essential to evaluate the parameters of a multi-phase motor, as they require a multi-phase signal that is pure sine wave in nature. However, multi-phase transformers are not suitable for variable frequency applications. Moreover, they have shortcomings with regard to impedance mismatching, the unequal number of turns which lead to inaccurate results in per phase equivalent circuits, which results in an imbalance output in phase voltages and currents. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate multi-phase power transformation from a three-phase system and examine the different static multi-phase transformation techniques. In line with this matter, this study outlines various theories and configurations of transformers, including three-phase to five-, seven-, eleven-, and thirteen-phase transformers. Moreover, the review discusses impedance mismatching, voltage unbalance, and per phase equivalent circuit modeling and fault analysis in multi-phase systems. Moreover, various artificial intelligence-based optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) are explored to address various existing issues. Finally, the review delivers effective future suggestions that would serve as valuable opportunities, guidelines, and directions for power engineers, industries, and decision-makers to further research on multi-phase transformer improvements towards sustainable operation and management.

Transient Analysis of a Multi-phase Induction Machine Operating as Generator

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Mohanty ◽  
K B Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Generating Mode ◽  
Multi Phase

<em>Multi-phase machines are considered serious contenders as compared to the three phase machines for variable applications in generating mode. </em><em>This paper presents the transient performance analysis of a multi-phase induction machine operating in six-phase mode for power generation. In this paper the simulation and experimental analysis of a six-phase machine in generating mode have been made. The simulations are made and the machine functionality was investigated during no-load and when subjected to different types of loads. Experimental results are provided to confirm the ability of these models to represent during no load as well as during load period and the result were found to be satisfactory for power generation</em>.

scholarly journals Systematic Implementation of Multi-Phase Power Supply (Three to Six) Conversion System

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Al-Ammari ◽  
Atif Iqbal ◽  
Amith Khandakar ◽  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Pulse Input ◽  
Wind Energy Generation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Multi Phase

Multiphase (more than three) power system has gained popularity due to their inherent advantages when compared to three-phase counterpart. Multiphase power supply is extensively used in AC/DC multi-pulse converters, especially supply with multiple of three-phases. AC/DC converter with multi-pulse input is a popular solution to reduce the ripple in the DC output. Single-phase and three-phase transformers and phase transformation from single to multiphase are employed in variable speed drives application to feed the multi-cell H-Bridge converters and multi-pulse AC-DC converters. Six-phase system is extensively discussed in the literature for numerous applications ranging from variable speed drives to multiphase wind energy generation system. This paper shows the systematic phase transformation technique from three-phase to six-phase (both symmetrical and asymmetrical) for both understanding and teaching purposes. Such an approach could help students understand a promising advanced concept in their undergraduate courses. When phase difference between the two consecutive phases of six phases has a phase difference of 60, it is called a symmetrical six-phase system; while an asymmetrical or quasi, six-phase has two set of three-phase with a phase shift of 30 between the two sets. Simulation and experimental results are also presented.

scholarly journals Design and Balancing Load Current in 3-Phase System Using Microcontroller ATMEGA 2560

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Cok Gede Indra Partha
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Neutral Current ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Current Flows

The design of balancing the load current on three-phase systems using a microcontroller ATMega 2560 is a tool that serves to reduce the power loss. Power loss due to the load current unbalance the current flows in the neutral phase on three-phase systems. Current flows in the neutral phase distribution transformer into a detriment to PT. PLN (Persero) for the power lost to the earth and can not be used by consumers. So that it will balanced the load current to reduce the value of neutral current. The tool is also equipped with a monitoring system that displays current magnitude of each phase including the neutral phase.The methods in making this tool is divided into two parts: first, the design of hardware consist of designing electronic components which are used by the current sensor circuits, relay, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) etc. Second, the design of software is a tool listing program procedure including the monitoring program displays the current of each phase on LCD using the Arduino IDE. SCT013-030 current sensor used, the output of the current sensor is connected to the pin ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) microcontroller ATMega 2560. Then microcontroller process the data and generate a current value displayed on the LCD. The other result of processing current value is a command to enable or disable the relay that connects three-phase resource with single-phase loads.The result of the test design of balancing load current on three-phase system using a microcontroller ATMega 2560 succeed balancing the load current by moving the channel load of sequence number load the smallest connected to the phase with the current biggest load toward a phase that has a load current smallest when neutral current exceeds the limit is permitted. In this situation, the neutral current will not be possible be zero. In fact, the maximum current value for the neutral phase for PT. PLN (Persero) 50 amperes calibrated to 1 ampere and is used as a limit on this prototype. If the neutral current on LCD monitor exceeds 1 ampere, then there will be balancing of the load current. The current sensor measurement results are displayed on a monitoring approach measurement result using pliers ampere.

Effect of Charge-balancing Species on Sm3+ Incorporation in Calcium Vanadinite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1744 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
M. R. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Charge Balancing ◽  
Static Lattice

ABSTRACTApatites are often seen as good potential candidates for the immobilization of halide-rich wastes. In particular, phosphate apatites have received much attention in recent years, however, their synthesis often produces complicated multi-phase systems, with a number of secondary phases forming [1.2]. Calcium vanadinite (Ca5(VO4)3Cl) demonstrates a much simpler phase system, with only a single Ca2V2O7 secondary phase which can easily be retarded by the addition of excess CaCl2. However, when doping with SmCl3 (as an inactive analogue for AnCl3) the Sm forms a wakefieldite (SmVO4) phase rather than being immobilized within the vanadinite, a result of having to form an energetically unfavourable Ca vacancy in order for the lattice to remain neutral overall. It has been postulated that charge-balancing the lattice via co-substitution of a monovalent cation will be less disfavoured and therefore help stabilise formation of a (Ca5-2xSmxAx)(VO4)3Cl solid solution (A = monovalent cation). This has been investigated using a combined modelling and experimental approach. Static lattice calculations performed using Li+, Na+ and K+ as charge-balancing species have shown the energy cost to be less than half that of charge-balancing via formation of a Ca vacancy. As a result, solid state synthesis of (Ca5-2xSmxLix)(VO4)3Cl, (Ca5−2xSmxNax)(VO4)3Cl and (Ca5-2xSmxKx)(VO4)3Cl solid solutions have been trialled, and analysis of the resulting products has shown a significant reduction in both the SmVO4 and Ca2V2O7 secondary phases across all dopant levels.

scholarly journals Implementation of SFCL in Three-Phase System for Fault

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 244-246
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Current Limiter

The main aim of this paper is to place “Superconducting Fault Current Limiter” (SFCL) in a threephase power scheme for fault evaluation. superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in a three-phase system for the purpose of fault analysis. The implementation of the SFCL mitigates a burden on the network along with the reliability improvement of an electrical system. In this paper a typical three phase system is designed using Simulink /Sim Power System and analysis of LG and LL fault is done with and without employing SFCL in the system.

Dual three phase transformation for comprehensive fault analysis of a six phase system

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Subramanyam ◽  
A. Chandrasekaran ◽  
S. Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Three Phase

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Space Vector Modulation Theory: Practices without Proofs

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Bhattacharya ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Space Vector Modulation ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Vector Modulation

In three dimensional (3D) space vector modulation (SVM) theory with α-β-γ frame there are some issues which are well known and are widely practiced being quite obvious but without any proof so far. In this paper necessary scientific foundations to those issues have been provided. The foremost of these issues has been with the frame of reference to be considered in 3D SVM applications for unbalanced three phase systems. Although for balanced three phase systems there has been no controversy with α-β frame as the frame of reference but in 3D it has not yet been established which one, α-β-γ frame or the a-b-c frame, is mathematically correct. Another significant issue addressed in this work has been to ascertain the exact reason when a three phase system has to be represented in 2D or 3D space to apply SVM. It has been presented for the first time in this work that the key factor that determines whether 3D or 2D SVM has to be applied depends on the presence of time independent symmetrical components in a three phase ac system. Also it has been proved that the third axis, the Y–axis, represents the time independent quantity and that it must be directed perpendicular to the α-β plane passing through the origin.

scholarly journals Arduino Mega Based Current Recorder Prototype Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Waluyo ◽  
Siti Saodah ◽  
Yogi Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Reference Instrument ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Current Measuring ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Sd Card ◽  
Prototype Instrument

Current measurements in electric power systems are important aspects, both for monitoring and protection. The researchers have designed, created and tested a digital current measuring and recording prototype instrument. The current signals were sensed by the split-core current transformers, entered to the signal conditioning, to the main Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, and finally to the three outputs, namely a PC monitor, SD card data logger and LCD. It was tested and the results were compared to the computation results and the clamp ammeter readings, as the reference instrument. On both single and three phase systems, the absolute deviations would considerably rise and the relative deviations would slightly reduce as the load currents increased. Nevertheless, the values on both systems were not exactly same. For the single phase, the average absolute and relative deviation slopes were 0.156548 A/kW and -0.0020772 %/kW respectively. On other hand, for the three phase system, they were 0.12372 A/kW and -0.04176 %/kW respectively. The relative deviations to the computation results were under 6%, tended to be 3%, and the relative deviations to the reference instrument readings were under 3%, tended to be 1%, as the load increased.

Three Dimensional Space Vector Modulation Theory: Practices without Proofs

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Bhattacharya ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Space Vector Modulation ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Vector Modulation

In three dimensional (3D) space vector modulation (SVM) theory with α-β-γ frame there are some issues which are well known and are widely practiced being quite obvious but without any proof so far. In this paper necessary scientific foundations to those issues have been provided. The foremost of these issues has been with the frame of reference to be considered in 3D SVM applications for unbalanced three phase systems. Although for balanced three phase systems there has been no controversy with α-β frame as the frame of reference but in 3D it has not yet been established which one, α-β-γ frame or the a-b-c frame, is mathematically correct. Another significant issue addressed in this work has been to ascertain the exact reason when a three phase system has to be represented in 2D or 3D space to apply SVM. It has been presented for the first time in this work that the key factor that determines whether 3D or 2D SVM has to be applied depends on the presence of time independent symmetrical components in a three phase ac system. Also it has been proved that the third axis, the Y–axis, represents the time independent quantity and that it must be directed perpendicular to the α-β plane passing through the origin.

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