scholarly journals Operating Characteristic Analysis and Verification of Short-Stroke Linear Oscillating Actuators Considering Mechanical Load

Machines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Woo-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Chang-Woo Kim ◽  
Hyo-Seob Shin ◽  
Kyung-Hun Shin ◽  
Jang-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Electrical Resonance ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
Damping Systems

Linear oscillating machines are electric devices that reciprocate at a specific frequency and at a specific stroke. Because of their linear motion, they are used in special applications, such as refrigerators for home appliances and medical devices. In this paper, the structure and electromagnetic characteristics of these linear oscillating machines are investigated, and the stroke is calculated according to voltage and motion equations. In addition, static and transient behavior analysis is performed, considering mechanical systems such as springs, damping systems, and mover mass. Furthermore, in this study, the magnetic force is analyzed, experiments are conducted according to the input power, and the current magnitude and stroke characteristics are analyzed according to the input frequency. Finally, the study confirmed that the most efficient operation is possible when the electrical resonance frequency matches the resonance frequency of the linear oscillating machines.

A Linear Electrostatic Induction Motor with Coils Mounted on its Slider for Voltage Boosting

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Hosobata ◽  
Akio Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiro Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Electrostatic Induction ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Electrical Resonance ◽  
Thin Plastic

This paper introduces a linear electrostatic induction motor utilizing electrical resonance. The motor consists of two thin plastic films: the stator film and the slider film, in which fine-pitched three-phase electrodes are embedded. The motor has three coils mounted on its slider, which are connected to the slider electrodes, and driven by applying three-phase voltage to its stator electrodes. The voltages on the slider electrodes are boosted by an electrical resonance, and large thrust force is obtained. The motors capability to accelerate under load is demonstrated; it could pull up weights up to 80 g with an excitation voltage of 1 kV0-P / 12.8 kHz, which was the motors resonance frequency. The fastest motion of the slider was obtained when the excitation frequency was set slightly higher than the resonance frequency, and the motor traveled 34 mm in 0.16 seconds with 1 kV0-P / 13.1 kHz excitation, while pulling up a weight of 40 g.

Exponential Tracking Control of a Hydraulic Proportional Directional Valve and Cylinder via Integrator Backstepping

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
W. E. Dixon ◽  
J. R. Wagner ◽  
D. M. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
System Response ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Directional Control

Hydraulic systems are widely used in manufacturing processes and transportation systems where energy intensive operations are performed and “machine” control is vital. A variety of flow control products exist including manual directional control valves, proportional directional control valves, and servo-valves. The selection of a control valve actuation strategy is dependent on the system response requirements, permissible pressure drop, and hardware cost. Although high bandwidth servo-valves offer fast response times, the higher expense, susceptibility to debris, and pressure drop may be prohibitive. Thus, the question exists whether the economical proportional directional control valve’s performance can be sufficiently enhanced using nonlinear control strategies to begin approaching that of servo-valves. In this paper, exponential tracking control of a hydraulic cylinder and proportional directional control valve, with spool position feedback, is achieved for precise positioning of a mechanical load. An analytical and empirical mathematical model is developed which describes the transient behavior of the integrated components. A nonlinear backstepping control algorithm is designed to accommodate inherent system nonlinearities.

scholarly journals Low Frequency Electrical Resonance in Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xindong Wang ◽  
Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Electrical Resonance ◽  
Ph Level

We report the observation of sharp electrical resonance of water with width ~2 neV in the low radiofrequency range at room temperature. Various controlling factors, including temperature, pH level, biasvoltage, and boundary conditions are found to impact on the resonance frequency and intensity. The neVlevel of the resonant width is not expected under room temperature (~25 meV), within any existingmolecular theory of the dielectric properties of water, strongly suggesting that a macroscopic long-rangecoherent quantum mechanical excited state is responsible for the resonance.

Dynamic Simulation of Centrifugal Compressor Startup With Inlet Guide Vane

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Ebisawa ◽  
Yasuo Fukushima ◽  
Hideaki Orikasa
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Process Verification ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes ◽  
Peripheral Equipment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Dynamic Simulator

To achieve safe and efficient operation of centrifugal compressors, understanding the transient behavior of the compression system and reflecting such characteristics into the design of compressors and peripheral equipment early in the plant engineering stage are important. Since such transient states cannot be completely studied by static analysis alone, additional analyses using plant’s dynamic model are desired. To utilize for compressor design and process verification in the engineering phase, a dynamic simulator specialized for compressor systems has been developed. The presented work demonstrates an example of the way the simulator was used for a preparatory investigation of the Mixed Refrigerant (MR) compressor start up in an LNG plant. The simulation results showed that motor acceleration could be successfully accomplished by using the throttled inlet guide vanes (IGVs) for lowering the load torque and that the compressor could generate the required liquefaction pressure at settle out condition.

Transient Behavior of the Gallium Nitride Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Meng ◽  
Yogesh Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Nitride ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
Dependent Transport

The transient behavior of the Gallium Nitride deposition process in a CVD reactor is numerically investigated. A two-dimensional impinging reactor is considered to examine the time-dependent transport in the MOCVD process, including the steady-state deposition process, and the system start-up and shut-down. The study involves the consideration of complicated transport phenomena, including fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions between the reactants and the intermediate species. The temperature field and the deposition rate are studied as functions of time, as well as the precursor mass fraction at certain times. The results obtained provide an in-depth understanding about the entire MOCVD process, and the possibility to control the system operating time and the consumption of input power and precursors, which are generally quite expensive. It also provided inputs on the effects of changing operating conditions and the duration of starting and shut down effects.

scholarly journals Design and Characteristic Analysis of a MEMS Piezo-Driven Recirculating Inkjet Printhead Using Lumped Element Modeling

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah ◽  
Lee ◽  
Hur
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Helmholtz Resonance ◽  
Lumped Element ◽  
Lumped Element Model ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

The recirculation of ink in an inkjet printhead system keeps the ink temperature and viscosity constant, and leads to the development of a high-performance device. Herein, we propose a recirculating piezo-driven micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based inkjet printhead that has a pressure chamber, a nozzle, and double restrictors. The design and characteristic analysis are performed using a two-port lumped element model (LEM) to investigate the effect of design parameters on the system responses. Using LEM, the jetting pressure at the pressure chamber, velocity at the nozzle inlet, meniscus pressure, and Helmholtz resonance frequency are predicted and the comparative analysis of the jetting pressure and velocity between LEM and the finite element method (FEM) simulation is conducted to validate our proposed LEM method. Furthermore, the effect of a change in major design parameters on the jetting pressure, velocity, and Helmholtz resonance frequency is analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, the optimized device dimensions are finalized. From our analysis, it is also concluded that the restrictor is more sensitive than the pressure chamber in terms of their variations in depth. As the cross-talk effect can occur due to an array of hundreds or thousands of nozzles, we investigated the effect of a single activated nozzle on the non-activated neighboring nozzles, as well as the effect of multi-activated nozzles on a single central nozzle using our proposed LEM.

Studying the Effects of Internal and External Microstructure on Fatigue Strength of Materials by Electromagnetic Excitation Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Mujtaba Syed ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Claas Müller ◽  
Jürgen Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Electromagnetic Excitation ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
High Fatigue

A fatigue testing setup based on electromagnetic excitation was built to apply cyclic stresses to the specimens near their resonance frequency. A test near the resonance frequency has the advantage that higher stresses can be applied to test specimens at a reduced input power. Stress amplitude up to 1000 MPa can be applied to the test specimens and up to four specimens can be tested simultaneously. The setup can test specimens at high fatigue cycle regime i.e. 100 million stress cycles can be achieved in 48 hours.The setup has been used to study the effects of internal and external microstructure on the fatigue strength of materials. Specimens especially stainless steel-304 was prepared by different techniques i.e. electric discharge machining EDM, etching and laser cutting. Specimens prepared by these techniques were tested and their fatigue strengths were compared. To probe the material endurance limit, tests were also performed on the above mentioned steel specimens in very high stress cycle regime i.e. > 109cycles. In order to investigate the effect of internal microstructure on fatigue strength of material, CuZn37 fabricated by etching was tested and the effect of different grain size on fatigue strength was compared. SN curves have been plotted for materials with no prior fatigue strength data. Stainless steel-1.4404 specimens prepared by Rapid Prototyping (RP) has been tested for fatigue analysis. The test results showed higher degree of scattering when compared to the traditionally manufactured steel. Fractography revealed the existence of inherent material flaws which was the main reason of higher degree of test point scattering. In addition to these data, the SN curve was plotted for Innolot which is an important soldering alloy and prompts to fatigue failure in electronic assemblies.

scholarly journals Measurement Method and Experimental Analysis of Liquid Entrainment for a Flooded Evaporator of a Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chiller Based on Energy Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Xinghua Huang ◽  
Yunqian Zhang ◽  
Zuqiang Li ◽  
Yaolin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Liquid Entrainment ◽  
Centrifugal Chiller

Liquid entrainment in a flooded evaporator has an important impact on the performance and safety of a water-cooled centrifugal chiller. In this paper, two methods for measuring the liquid entrainment factor in the evaporator of a centrifugal chiller based on energy balance are proposed. Method 1 involves only the heat exchange capacity of the evaporator and Method 2 involves both evaporator and condenser. The applicable conditions of the methods are discussed. Experimental measurements on the flooded evaporator of a single-stage water-cooled centrifugal chiller with refrigerant R134a show that, for a system with good thermal balance, there is little difference in the entrainment factor values obtained by the two methods. Method 2 was found to have slightly higher measurement accuracy, compared to Method 1. The uncertainty propagation analysis shows that for method two, the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the evaporator and condenser, motor input power, motor efficiency, transmission power loss and compressor suction and discharge temperatures are important factors. The experimental results show that the variation of the evaporator entrainment factor with refrigerant charge amount is different for different cooling capacity. At 700 and 800 refrigeration ton (RT), the entrainment factor of the test evaporator increases with the increase of refrigerant charge and the growth rate gradually accelerates. For the chiller tested, when the entrainment factor reaches 0.89% and 1.02%, respectively, at 700 ton and 800 ton, the rapid increase of the entrainment factor leads to a significant decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP) during the charging process. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, it is recommended that the maximum entrainment factor for efficient operation of the centrifugal chiller should be controlled within 1%.

scholarly journals Methodology for the assessment of the operation reliability of pulling electric machines of city electric transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (58) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
V. Shavkun
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Relevant Today

One of the most commonly used means of the city’s electric traffic system is trolleybus that has a lot of advantages in comparison with fixed-route taxis, buses and trams. During trolleybuses operation, the most electric and mechanical load has an effect on the traction electric engines, on which the further effective operation of a trolleybus on a transfer line depends. Statistic data concerning the trolleybuses operations in Ukraine prove that reliability of traction electric engines has been reduced for subjective and objective reasons over the past 10-15 years. New developments and the use of technologies are therefore needed for more effective use of the known technical equipment, its modernization, reliability improvement and extending the service life. To determine the effectiveness of trolleybus operation on the route, the modern methods of reliability assessment of the traction electric engines are used, which allow to get adequate characteristics of the structure, functional links of parts and units. But some methods don’t meet the necessary requirements to ensure the reliability of traction electric engines operation. So the subject and the tasks of the research work are still relevant today. New solutions of characterization the reliability of traction electric engines guarantee reducing energy and resource consumption during operation, repair and production. A methodology is presented that allows assessing the operational reliability of electrical machines from the point of view of system analysis. Uncertainty of information data arising during the operation of electrical machines is considered. The decomposition of the goal for the efficient operation and maintenance of electrical machines has been carried out, which is reflected in the form of a "goal tree". The results obtained can be used as initial data for the formulation and solution of a number of problems of control over the operational reliability of electrical machines.

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