scholarly journals Ultra-Early and Early Changes in Bile Acids and Insulin after Sleeve Gastrectomy among Obese Patients

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Adriana Florinela Cӑtoi ◽  
Alina Elena Pârvu ◽  
Aurel Mironiuc ◽  
Horațiu Silaghi ◽  
Ioana Delia Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Time Point

Background and Objective: In obese patients, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has shown mixed results on bile acid (BA) values. The aim of our study was to examine the potential ultra-early and early changes of the circulating total BA in relation with the changes of insulin resistance (IR) in obese patients submitted to laparoscopic SG. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four obese subjects were investigated for body mass index (BMI), total fasting BA, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin before and at 7 and 30 d after SG. Results: After surgery, mean BMI decreased at the first (p < 0.001) and at the second time point (p < 0.001) relative to baseline. Total fasting BA values did not change significantly at 7 d (p = 0.938) and at 30 d (p = 0.289) after SG. No significant changes were found at 7 d (p = 0.194, p = 0.34) and 30 d (p = 0.329, p = 0.151) after surgery regarding fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively. However, a trend of increased total fasting BA and decreased fasting insulin and HOMA- after laparoscopic SG has been found. Negative correlations between total fasting BA and insulin (r = −0.807, p = 0.009), HOMA-IR (r = −0.855, p = 0.014), and blood glucose (r = −0.761, p = 0.047), respectively, were observed at one month after SG. Conclusion: In conclusion, here, we found a lack of significant changes in total fasting BA, insulin, and HOMA-IR ultra-early and early after SG, which precluded us to consider a possible relation between the variations of BA and IR. However, the presence of the tendency for total fasting BA to increase and for insulin and HOMA-IR to decrease, as well as of the negative correlations one month after laparoscopic SG, suggest that this surgery brings about some changes that point towards the existence, and possibly towards the restoration, at least to some extent, of the link between BA and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Plasma resistin, adiponectin and leptin levels in lean and obese subjects: correlations with insulin resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Silha ◽  
M Krsek ◽  
JV Skrha ◽  
P Sucharda ◽  
BL Nyomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tIssue regulates insulin sensitivity via the circulating adipocytokines, leptin, resistin and adiponectin. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in lean and obese subjects and determine the relationship between circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance. METHODS: We examined plasma levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in 17 lean subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) of approximately 23 and 34 non-diabetic obese individuals with a mean BMI approximately 33. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R) formula derived from fasting insulin and glucose levels. RESULTS: Resistin levels were not significantly different between the two groups but were significantly higher in women compared with men, 35.4+/-6.5 (s.e.) vs 15.4+/-2.9 microg/L, P<0.01. Resistin did not correlate with BMI but did significantly correlate with HOMA-R, P<0.01, and this correlation remained significant after adjustment for gender and BMI. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese compared with lean subjects, P<0.005, and higher in women, P<0.001, but showed no significant correlation with HOMA-R. Leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects and women and correlated with HOMA-R and resistin. DISCUSSION: In this small group of patients we demonstrated that insulin resistance correlated most strongly with leptin levels. A significant correlation between resistin levels and insulin resistance was also observed. Although a similar trend was apparent for adiponectin, the correlation with insulin resistance did not achieve statistical significance.

scholarly journals Lower Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Production by Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Patients Unrelated to Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4499-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Selva ◽  
Albert Lecube ◽  
Cristina Hernández ◽  
Juan A. Baena ◽  
José M. Fort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects

Context: Zinc-α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) has been proposed as a new candidate in the pathogenesis of obesity, but most of the information stems from studies performed in rodents and in vitro assays. Objective: The main aim of the study was to compare serum levels of ZAG and its expression (mRNA levels and protein) in adipose tissue and the liver between obese and nonobese subjects. The relationship between ZAG and insulin resistance was also explored. Design: This was a case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university referral center. Patients and Methods: Samples of serum, sc adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver were obtained from 20 obese subjects during bariatric surgery. Samples from 10 nonobese patients matched by age and gender were used as a control group. Serum ZAG levels were determined by ELISA. ZAG mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR and protein content by Western blot. The effect of insulin on liver production of ZAG was assessed using HepG2 cultures. Results: Serum concentration of ZAG (micrograms per milliliter) was significantly lower in obese subjects (40.87 ± 10.45 vs. 63.26 ± 16.40; P = 0.002). ZAG expression was significantly lower in the adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) and liver of obese patients than in control subjects. Significant negative correlations between body mass index and circulating ZAG (r = −0.65, P &lt; 0.001) as well as between body mass index and mRNA ZAG levels in SAT (r = −0.68, P &lt; 0.001) and VAT were detected (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.001). No relationship was found between ZAG and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin had no effect on ZAG production in vitro. Conclusion: A down-regulation of ZAG in SAT, VAT, and liver exists in obese patients but seems unrelated to insulin resistance. A downregulation of zinc-α2 glycoprotein in adipose tissue and liver exists in obese patients, and it is unrelated to insulin resistance.

Early Renal Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Natalia Pertseva ◽  
Mariia Rokutova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Background and aims. Obese individuals have insulin resistance status assessed in the present study by the HOMA index (“Homeostasis model assessment”). This prospective study assessed renal disorders in the insulin resistance in obese patients. Material and Methods. The study included 73 young obese patients. The assessment included the HOMA index before meal and parameters of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, β2-microglobulinuria). Results. In young obese, insulin-resistance patients, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are found in 77.0 and 93.4% of cases respectively. The albuminuria is noted in some cases, which reduces diagnostic value. Conclusions. In young obese patients with insulin resistance, glomerular hyperfiltration and β2-microglobulinuria are main diagnostic markers of renal dysfunction.

scholarly journals Circulating Irisin in Relation to Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 4899-4907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Park ◽  
Lesya Zaichenko ◽  
Mary Brinkoetter ◽  
Bindiya Thakkar ◽  
Ayse Sahin-Efe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Context: Irisin, a recently identified hormone, has been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis and obesity in mice. Whether irisin levels are associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiometabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans remains unknown. Objective: Our objective was to assess the associations between baseline serum irisin levels and MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk. Design, Setting, and Subjects: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional evaluation of baseline circulating levels of the novel hormone irisin and the established adipokine adiponectin with MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk in a sample of 151 subjects. Results: Baseline irisin levels were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS. Irisin was associated negatively with adiponectin (r = −0.4, P &lt; .001) and positively with body mass index (r = 0.22, P = .008), systolic (r = 0.17, P = .04) and diastolic (r = 0.27, P = .001) blood pressure, fasting glucose (r = 0.25, P = .002), triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = .003), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.33, P &lt; .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including body mass index, subjects in the highest tertile of irisin levels were more likely to have MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66–33.44), elevated fasting blood glucose (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.72–19.60), high triglycerides (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.16–13.03), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.18–9.20). Irisin was independently associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and general Framingham risk profile in multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. Adiponectin demonstrated the expected associations with outcomes. Conclusions: Irisin is associated with increased risk of MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD in humans, indicating either increased secretion by adipose/muscle tissue and/or a compensatory increase of irisin to overcome an underlying irisin resistance in these subjects.

Serum myonectin is increased after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Chengkun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients

Objective Myonectin, a newly discovered myokine, enhances fatty acid uptake in cultured adipocytes and hepatocytes and suppresses circulating levels of free fatty acids in mice. Recent studies showed that serum myonectin concentration is negatively correlated with obesity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the change of serum myonectin in obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods This study was performed in a population of 42 obese and 58 control subjects from April of 2018 to December of 2019. All obese subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, HbA1c and serum myonectin were assessed at baseline and six months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Results Serum myonectin concentrations were significantly lower in the obese patients than in the controls. Serum myonectin concentrations were increased at six months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that serum myonectin was negatively correlated with weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and HbA1c. Only body mass index was still inversely correlated with serum myonectin after multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion Serum myonectin is correlated with obesity and increased after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

scholarly journals Fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in non-diabetic adults: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Shuiping Zheng ◽  
Qiuyun Luo ◽  
Chunmei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Studies on elevated fasting insulin or insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in non-diabetic individuals have yielded conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of elevated fasting insulin levels or IR as defined by homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in non-diabetic adults. We searched for relevant studies in PubMed and Emabse databases until November 2016. Only prospective observational studies investigating the association of elevated fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in non-diabetic adults were included. Risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was pooled for the highest compared with the lowest category of fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR. Seven articles involving 26976 non-diabetic adults were included. The pooled, adjusted RR of all-cause mortality comparing the highest with the lowest category was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00–1.27; P=0.058) for fasting insulin levels and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.11–1.62; P=0.002) for HOMA-IR, respectively. When comparing the highest with the lowest category, the pooled adjusted RR of cardiovascular mortality was 2.11 (95% CI: 1.01–4.41; P=0.048) for HOMA-IR in two studies and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.49–3.96; P=0.526) for fasting insulin levels in one study. IR as measured by HOMA-IR but not fasting insulin appears to be independently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in non-diabetic adults. However, the association of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with cardiovascular mortality may be unreliable due to the small number of articles included.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Prebiotic Supplementation and Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with NAFLD—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3460
Author(s):  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Dominika Jamioł-Milc ◽  
Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz ◽  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled

We aim to systematically review the efficacy of prebiotics in reducing anthropometric and biochemical parameters in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A systematic search using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, Cinahl, and Web of Science of articles published up to 20 March 2020 was performed for randomized controlled trials enrolling >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis for metabolic outcomes in NAFLD patients was performed for anthropometric data in addition to liver enzyme, carbohydrate, and lipid parameters. We found six trials (comprising a total of 242 patients) with NAFLD, with subjects aged 38–52 years. The mean time of fiber administration varied between 10 and 12 weeks. The main fiber types were psyllium (seeds or powder), Ocimum basilicum (seeds), and high-performance inulin and oligofructose powder at doses of either 10 or 16 g per day. The control group received either maltodextrin (powder or capsules) or crushed wheat (powder). Patients on the diet with added fiber had improvements in body mass index (BMI) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.494, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.864 to −0.125, p = 0.009); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (SMD = −0.667, 95% CI: −1.046 to −0.288, p = 0.001); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD = −0.466, 95% CI: −0.840 to −0.091, p = 0.015); fasting insulin (SMD = −0.705, 95% CI: −1.115 to −0.295, p = 0.001); and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = −0.619, 95% CI: −1.026 to −0.211, p = 0.003). Hence, the results show that fiber supplements result in favorable changes as reflected in the measurement of anthropometric, metabolic, and liver-related biomarkers, i.e., body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These effects suggest the potential benefits of fiber consumption for NAFLD populations. More prospective, controlled studies should be conducted to reveal specific details regarding the fiber type, dosage, and duration for optimal intervention.

scholarly journals Modulation of Adiponectin and Leptin during Refeeding of Female Anorexia Nervosa Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1843-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalit Modan-Moses ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
Clara Pariente ◽  
Amit Yaroslavsky ◽  
Anka Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
Total Adiponectin

Abstract Context: Several studies assessed adiponectin levels in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, however, data regarding the dynamics of changes in adiponectin levels during refeeding of these patients is limited and contradicting. Objective: Our objective was to assess adiponectin levels and the distribution of its different isoforms in AN patients before and after long-term refeeding, and to relate them to alterations in body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity, and additional endocrine parameters. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a longitudinal controlled study of 38 female adolescent malnourished AN inpatients, with 13 young, lean, healthy women serving as controls. Blood samples were obtained upon admission and thereafter at 1, 3, and 5 months (at target weight). Main Outcome Measures: Changes in body mass index, leptin, adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin multimeric forms were measured. Results: At admission, leptin levels of AN patients were significantly lower, whereas insulin sensitivity (assessed by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), adiponectin levels, and the ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin to total adiponectin were significantly higher compared with controls. During weight recovery, leptin levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance increased significantly, whereas adiponectin and HMW adiponectin/total adiponectin ratio decreased significantly, to levels similar to controls. An initial increase in adiponectin levels was observed after 1 month of refeeding. There was no correlation between adiponectin and either T4 or cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates hyperadiponectinemia, increased adiponectin HMW isoform, and increased insulin sensitivity in adolescent AN female patients and reversal of these findings with weight rehabilitation. We hypothesize that increased adiponectin levels may have a protective role in maintaining energy homeostasis during extreme malnourishment.

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