scholarly journals Comparative Characterization and Identification of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Producing Bacteria with Subsequent Optimization of Polymer Yield

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Aidana Rysbek ◽  
Yerlan Ramankulov ◽  
Askar Kurmanbayev ◽  
Agnieszka Richert ◽  
Sailau Abeldenov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Polymer Yield ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Phbc Gene

In this work, the strains Bacillus megaterium BM 1, Azotobacter chrocococcumAz 3, Bacillus araybhattay RA 5 were used as an effective producer of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB). The purpose of the study was to isolate and obtain an effective producer of P(3HB) isolated from regional chestnut soils of northern Kazakhstan. This study demonstrates the possibility of combining the protective system of cells to physical stress as a way to optimize the synthesis of PHA by strains. Molecular identification of strains and amplification of the phbC gene, transmission electron microscope (TEM), extracted and dried PHB were subjected to Fourier infrared transmission spectroscopy (FTIR). The melting point of the isolated P(3HB) was determined. The optimal concentration of bean broth for the synthesis of P(3HB) for the modified type of Bacillus megaterium RAZ 3 was 20 g/L, at which the dry weight of cells was 25.7 g/L−1 and P(3HB) yield of 13.83 g/L−1, while the percentage yield of P(3HB) was 53.75%. The FTIR spectra of the extracted polymer showed noticeable peaks at long wavelengths. Based on a proof of concept, this study demonstrates encouraging results.

Quantitative X-ray Images Calculated on the Basis of Mass and Volume

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gary Kirk ◽  
Michael E. Gates ◽  
Aaron J. Provance ◽  
Ping Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Elemental Maps

Abstract: Quantitative X-ray microanalysis is used to obtain the elemental compositions of tissues and cells. Concentrations are calculated on the basis of volume (mmolL−1 of packed cells) and mass (mmolkg−1 dry weight). Elemental maps are obtained by using a computer to control the position of a beam in an electron microscope and to record the signals from the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) X-ray detectors. These X-ray images provide better visualization of elemental distributions than ``spot'' mode analysis by analyzing thousands of spots sequentially. When concentrations are determined on the basis of volume, it is assumed that the section thickness created during cryosectioning, and shrinkage during freeze-drying of a frozen section, are uniform. These assumptions have been examined with a nucleated red blood cell model. Even distributions of cytoplasmic Fe and K, which we observed, can only occur if cryomicrotomy produces sections with smooth surfaces and uniform thickness. In addition, by using bone marrow cryosections we have found that the relative shrinkage between nucleated and non-nucleated cells is similar. Therefore, the assumptions made about volume calculations do appear to be reasonable under the conditions used in this study.

A Reproducible Selective Stain for Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
R. A. Waugh ◽  
J. R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a complex system of intracellular tubules that, due to their small size and juxtaposition to such electron-dense structures as mitochondria and myofibrils, are often inconspicuous in conventionally prepared electron microscopic material. This study reports a method with which the SR is selectively “stained” which facilitates visualizationwith the transmission electron microscope.

Surface Structure of the Spores of Glugea Weissenbergi

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Sanford H. Vernick ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis ◽  
Victor Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Mature Spore ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Surface Detail

Recent electron microscope studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the Microsporida, particularly of the developing and mature spore. Since these studies involved mainly sectioned material, they have revealed much internal detail of the spores but relatively little surface detail. This report concerns observations on the spore surface by means of the transmission electron microscope.

The High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment

The high resolution STEM is now a fact of life. I think that we have, in the last few years, demonstrated that this instrument is capable of the same resolving power as a CEM but is sufficiently different in its imaging characteristics to offer some real advantages.It seems possible to prove in a quite general way that only a field emission source can give adequate intensity for the highest resolution^ and at the moment this means operating at ultra high vacuum levels. Our experience, however, is that neither the source nor the vacuum are difficult to manage and indeed are simpler than many other systems and substantially trouble-free.

S.E.M.-T.E.M. Image Comparison

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
G. M. Greene ◽  
J. W. Sprys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Study ◽  
Large Sections

The present study demonstrates that fracture surfaces appear strikingly different when observed in the transmission electron microscope by replication and in the scanning electron microscope by backscattering and secondary emission. It is important to know what form these differences take because of the limitations of each instrument. Replication is useful for study of surfaces too large for insertion into the S.E.M. and for resolution of fine detail at high magnification with the T.E.M. Scanning microscopy reduces sample preparation time and allows large sections of the actual surface to be viewed.In the present investigation various modes of the S.E.M. along with the transmission mode in the T.E.M. were used to study one area of a fatigue surface of a low carbon steel. Following transmission study of a platinum carbon replica in the T.E.M. and S.E.M. the replica was coated with a gold layer approximately 200A° in thickness to improve electron emission.

A Study on the Fine Structure of the Lateral Line Organ of the Sea Eel

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
K. Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Transmission Electron

The lateral line organs of the sea eel consist of canal and pit organs which are different in function. The former is a low frequency vibration detector whereas the latter functions as an ion receptor as well as a mechano receptor.The fine structure of the sensory epithelia of both organs were studied by means of ordinary transmission electron microscope, high voltage electron microscope and of surface scanning electron microscope.The sensory cells of the canal organ are polarized in front-caudal direction and those of the pit organ are polarized in dorso-ventral direction. The sensory epithelia of both organs have thinner surface coats compared to the surrounding ordinary epithelial cells, which have very thick fuzzy coatings on the apical surface.

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Medical Research

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scanning Electron

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

Phenomena Associated with Oxygen in Titanium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
E. U. Lee ◽  
P. A. Garner ◽  
J. S. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Electrolytic Polishing ◽  
Interstitial Impurities ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Iodide Titanium ◽  
Alpha Titanium

Evidence for ordering (1-6) of interstitial impurities (O and C) has been obtained in b.c.c. metals, such as niobium and tantalum. In this paper we report the atomic and microstructural changes in an oxygenated c.p.h. metal (alpha titanium) as observed by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction.Oxygen was introduced into zone-refined iodide titanium sheets of 0.005 in. thickness in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon at 650°C, homogenized at 800°C and furnace-cooled in argon. Subsequently, thin foils were prepared by electrolytic polishing and examined in a JEM-7 electron microscope, operated at 100 KV.

Development of 200 kV Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
H. Koike ◽  
S. Sakurai ◽  
K. Ueno ◽  
M. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, there has been increasing demand for higher voltage SEMs, in the field of surface observation, especially that of magnetic domains, dislocations, and electron channeling patterns by backscattered electron microscopy. On the other hand, the resolution of the CTEM has now reached 1 ∼ 2Å, and several reports have recently been made on the observation of atom images, indicating that the ultimate goal of morphological observation has beem nearly achieved.

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