scholarly journals Retelling Mecca: Shifting Narratives of Sacred Spaces in Volga-Ural Muslim Hajj Accounts, 1699–1945

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Danielle Ross
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Sacred Spaces

This article examines how Volga-Ural Muslims narrated their encounters with the sacred spaces visited during the hajj. It examines nine accounts hajj composed from the 1690s to the 1940s, to consider how changes in international politics, Russia’s domestic politics, and the culture of Islamic learning within the VolgaUral Muslim community led to writers to revise narratives of why the sacred spaces of Mecca were sacred, how best to experience the power of these sacred spaces, and how these sacred spaces fit into the local culture of Volga-Ural Islam under Russian and Soviet rule.

AKOMODASI BUDAYA LOKAL DALAM LEGISLASI HUKUM KELUARGA DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Samson Fajar ◽  
Sabdo Sabdo
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Law And Legislation

Abstract: Culture as a result of the free and dual human creative power of the natural world, it encompasses the material matters (Immaterial) and Maddi (material), real and unreal objects, Malmusah and Ghairu malmusah (palpable and untouched). Essentially, culture (Tsaqafah) is expressed as the product of human reason consisting of patterns, steady attitudes, thoughts, feelings, and reactions obtained and is primarily derived by symbols that make up its achievement independently of human groups. The nature of this Islamic responsiveness has been built by the Prophet (s) when prohibiting Khamr, forbidding the worship of idols and other shari'ah. How Rasulullah saw is very careful and gradual in doing da'wah, so achieved the success of da'wah in upholding Islamic creed and shari'ah at that time. Today many problems in the establishment of law and legislation, legislators are more concerned with intellectual subjectivity and importance than the objectivity of humanity to the benefit, resulting in policies that are not responsive to the needs of society. The author in this context tries to inventory the various local wisdom of the Muslim community in the archipelago that is relevant as an approach in establishing legislation based on local culture.Keywords: Local Culture, Legislation, Islamic Law Abstrak. Budaya merupakan hasil dari kreativitas manusiawi yang bebas dan alamiah, meliputi sisi immaterial dan materi, objek nyata dan tidak nyata, malmusah dan ghairu malmusah (gamblang dan tak tersentuh). Pada dasarnya, budaya (tsaqafah) merupakan produk akal manusia yang terdiri dari pola, kesantunan, pikiran, perasaan, dan reaksi yang diperoleh dan terutama berasal oleh simbol yang membentuk pencapaiannya secara mandiri dari kelompok manusia. Sifat dari respon Islam ini telah dibangun oleh Nabi (s) ketika melarang khamr, melarang penyembahan berhala dan syariah lainnya. Bagaimana Rasulullah melihat sangat hati-hati dan bertahap dalam melakukan dakwah, sehingga mencapai keberhasilan dakwah dalam menegakkan akidah Islam dan syari'ah pada waktu itu. Saat ini banyak masalah dalam pembentukan hukum dan undang-undang, di mana legislator lebih peduli dengan kepentingan subjektivitas intelektual daripada kepentingan objektivitas kemanusiaan, sehingga kebijakan yang lahir tidak responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat. Penulis dalam konteks ini mencoba untuk menginventarisasi berbagai kearifan lokal komunitas Muslim di nusantara yang relevan sebagai pendekatan dalam menetapkan perundang-undangan berdasarkan budaya lokal.Kata Kunci: Budaya Lokal, Legislasi, Hukum Islam

Political Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Political Philosopher

Although Herder is not usually known as a political philosopher, he in fact developed what is perhaps the most important political philosophy of his age. In domestic politics he was a liberal, a democrat, and an egalitarian; in international politics the champion of a distinctive pluralistic form of cosmopolitanism that sharply rejected imperialism, colonialism, slavery, and all other forms of exploitation of one people by another. Spanning both domains, while he enthusiastically shared the substantive goals of supporters of human rights he also developed a subtle critique of the concept itself, replacing it with his own concept of humanity. His political philosophy is theoretically minimalist and is all the stronger for being so.

Western Integration vs. Reunification? Analyzing the Polls of the 1950s

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kruke
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Social Research ◽  
German State ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
German Question ◽  
The 1950S

From the beginning of the West German state, a lot of public opinion polling was done on the German question. The findings have been scrutinized carefully from the 1950s onward, but polls have always been taken at face value, as a mirror of society. In this analysis, polls are treated rather as an observation technique of empirical social research that composes a certain image of society and its public opinion. The entanglement of domestic and international politics is analyzed with respect to the use of surveys that were done around the two topics of Western integration and reunification that pinpoint the “functional entanglement” of domestic and international politics. The net of polling questions spun around these two terms constituted a complex setting for political actors. During the 1950s, surveys probed and ranked the fears and anxieties that characterized West Germans and helped to construct a certain kind of atmosphere that can be described as “Cold War angst.” These findings were taken as the basis for dealing with the dilemma of Germany caught between reunification and Western integration. The data and interpretations were converted into “security” as the overarching frame for international and domestic politics by the conservative government that lasted until the early 1960s.

The Domestic Determinants of Russia’s Resurrection

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-268
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Power Projection ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Vladimir Putin

This chapter examines the purposes of Russian power projection abroad under the regime of Vladimir Putin. The chapter reviews the various dimensions of Russian power in international politics, including its geographic domain in its immediate neighborhood and globally, as well as areas where Russian policy influence is particularly weighty. The chapter then looks briefly at different means of Russian power, like economy, conventional and nuclear defense capabilities, and human capital. It concludes that Russia is never as weak as it seems. Although it is not necessarily “the strongest” in all areas of international politics, Putin’s Russia has considerable usable power resources for the purposes of its leadership. The chapter then looks at the purposes of Russian power projection abroad. It looks first at realist arguments that insist Russia has national interests that any Russian regime would defend. These interests, according to this argument, are historically and geographically determined. Any Russian leader would seek to defend what is described as a “traditional sphere of influence.” In contrast, the author argues that Putin’s patronal autocracy has come to behave more aggressively in building and using Russia’s formidable power resources in order to maintain social stability for the sake of the regime’s survival. In this way, the chapter links Russian domestic politics to its foreign policies under Putin.

Judicial Power in Domestic and International Politics

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Staton ◽  
Will H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Political Science ◽  
International Research ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Rigid Boundary ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Do So

AbstractAlthough scholars have made considerable progress on a number of important research questions by relaxing assumptions commonly used to divide political science into subfields, rigid boundaries remain in some contexts. In this essay, we suggest that the assumption that international politics is characterized by anarchy whereas domestic politics is characterized by hierarchy continues to divide research on the conditions under which governments are constrained by courts, international or domestic. We contend that we will learn more about the process by which courts constrain governments, and do so more quickly, if we relax the assumption and recognize the substantial similarities between domestic and international research on this topic. We review four recent books that highlight contemporary theories of the extent to which domestic and international law binds states, and discuss whether a rigid boundary between international and domestic scholarship can be sustained on either theoretical or empirical grounds.

scholarly journals Islam, Peradaban Masa Depan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Abdul Wadud Nafis
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Human Value ◽  
Universal Civilization ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Islamic Values

Islam is a universal civilization, a religion of equity not destruction. Islam encourages its followers to believe in their own abilities and not depend on what other people give while prioritizing what is beneficial for them. Islamic civilization will develop if it is able to communicate with the local culture in a selective manner and still adheres to Aswaja (Ahlus sunnah Wal Jamaah) values. If Islam blindly followed the developing culture in the society, both the local and foreign cultures, Islam would lose its identity and the Muslim community would be separated from its cultural roots. The values ​​of Islamic civilization are: Rabbiyah value (the divine values), Insâniyah value ​​(the human value). Wâqi'iyah value ​​(the practical value), Wasathiyah value ​​(the Islamic moderatation value), Tawâzun value ​​(the equilibration value), Tsabât value ​​(the fixity value) and Murûnah value (the flexibility value). The nobleness of Islamic values ​​should not only be a theory, but also needs to be implemented. The deeper the implementation, the more sublime the civilization will be. Human life must be based on the belief that we belong to Allah and to Him we shall return.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL DALAM MASYARAKAT MUSLIM TENGGER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Imron Muhadi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Religious Ceremony

Orang Tengger yang beragama Islam masih menganut kepercayaan ngelmu sebagai warisan leluhur mereka. Mereka masih mempercayai hitungan hitungan yang berkaitan dengan hari baik dan hari buruk untuk tujuan tujuan tertentu semisal pernikahan dan sebagainya. Banyak tokoh-tokoh masyarakat muslim Tengger mengatakan bahwa Tengger tidaklah dapat dipisahkan dengan tradisi serta adat istiadat yang diwariskan secara turun temurun, agama tidak lagi menjadi penghalang untuk melakukan kegiatan kegiatan upacara adat dan tradisi turun temurun yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang orang Tengger. Justru dengan melestarikan upacara adat serta tradisi yang ada, masyarakat tengger dapat hidup rukun berdampingan secara damai. Ogoh-ogoh adalah upacara perayaan keagamaan umat Hindu sebelum merayakan hari raya Nyepi. Perayaan Nyepi ditandai dengan tidak adanya aktifitas kegiatan sehari hari dan bahkan lampu penerangan di daerah tersebut dipadamkan untuk beberapa saat (waktu).Kata kunci: nilai-nilai, pendidikan agama Islam, multikulturalisme, tradisi, budaya lokal   The Tengger people who are Muslim still adhere to the belief of ngelmu as their ancestral heritage. They still believe in counts relating to good days and bad days for certain purposes such as marriage and so on. Many Tengger Muslim community leaders said that Tengger cannot be separated from traditions and customs inherited from generation to generation, religion is no longer a barrier to carrying out traditional ceremonies and hereditary traditions inherited by the ancestors of the Tengger people. Therefore by preserving the traditional ceremonies and traditions that exist, the Tengger community can live in harmony side by side in peace. Ogoh-ogoh is a religious ceremony for Hindus before celebrating Nyepi. The Nyepi celebration was marked by the absence of daily activities and even the lights in the area were put out for a period of time.Keywords: values, Islamic religious education, multiculturalism, tradition, local culture

Russian Theory of International Relations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei P. Tsygankov ◽  
Pavel A. Tsygankov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Unique features of Russia’s perspectives on international politics as practice can be obtained quite clearly through the investigation of the debates on Russian foreign policy orientations. Russian foreign policy has been framed out of identity politics among different political factions under highly politicized conditions. Structural changes in international politics in the 1990s complicated internal reforms in Russia and the aggravation of socio-economic conditions due to the rapid reforms which intensified conflicts between conservatives and progressives in Russian domestic politics. Unfortunately, the aspirations of Russian reformist elites to make Russia strong could not reconcile with the conservative tendency the nation showed during the worsened economy in that period. This led to conflicting evaluations of Russian identity, which caused a fundamental shift in domestic sources for foreign policies. This transformed Russia’s perspectives on international politics, which brought about changes in its foreign policy orientation. Pro-Western Liberalism played a major role in defining Russian foreign policy under the A. Kozyrev doctrine, which defines Russia’s identity as one of the agents in the West-/US-centered system of liberal democracy and the market economy. Significant challenges to this pro-Western foreign policy came not only from outside, but also from internal changes that brought more fundamental changes to Russian foreign policy. This change should be understood within the cultural and institutional context of Russian society, since this framework determines the conceptualization of “national interest” and/or the formulation of diplomatic and security policies.

Nigeria and the Commonwealth

2018 ◽  
pp. 713-727
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Donnelly ◽  
Daragh Neville
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Member State ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
At Home

This chapter examines the trajectory of Nigeria’s engagement with the Commonwealth since independence, and how domestic politics and pressures, foreign policy priorities, and shifting international politics have shaped Nigeria’s influence through the Commonwealth, and how the Commonwealth in turn has influenced Nigeria. It argues that Nigeria’s ability to be strategic in its engagement as a key member state has been stymied by governance challenges at home and increasing competition from other African states as they have made gains in development and democracy. Yet Nigeria retains prominence and influence through the involvement of key individuals in the work of the Commonwealth, and since its return to civilian rule in 1999 and re-entry into the Commonwealth after its four-year suspension, has aligned with Commonwealth principles.

Venezuela's oil sector may never fully recover

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Sector

Significance Venezuela’s oil industry has suffered serious difficulty for a number of years, and both domestic and international politics would have to change for things to improve materially. However, even if domestic politics sees major shifts, questions will persist over whether the oil industry can ever fully recover. Impacts An eventual change of government in Venezuela will not bring rapid recovery in the oil sector. The need to diversify away from oil will become more pressing but no more straightforward. Opening the oil sector to private investment will require substantial incentives to succeed.

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