scholarly journals On Theoretical and Numerical Aspects of Bifurcations and Hysteresis Effects in Kinetic Energy Harvesters

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Litak ◽  
Jerzy Margielewicz ◽  
Damian Gąska ◽  
Andrzej Rysak ◽  
Carlo Trigona
Keyword(s):  
Restoring Force ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Hysteretic Effect ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Modal Solution ◽  
Overlap Parameter ◽  
Force Potential

The piezoelectric energy-harvesting system with double-well characteristics and hysteresis in the restoring force is studied. The proposed system consists of a bistable oscillator based on a cantilever beam structure. The elastic force potential is modified by magnets. The hysteresis is an additional effect of the composite beam considered in this system, and it effects the modal solution with specific mass distribution. Consequently, the modal response is a compromise between two overlapping, competing shapes. The simulation results show evolution in the single potential well solution, and bifurcations into double-well solutions with the hysteretic effect. The maximal Lyapunov exponent indicated the appearance of chaotic solutions. Inclusion of the shape branch overlap parameter reduces the distance between the external potential barriers and leads to a large-amplitude solution and simultaneously higher voltage output with smaller excitation force. The overlap parameter works in the other direction: the larger the overlap value, the smaller the voltage output. Presumably, the successful jump though the potential barrier is accompanied by an additional switch between the corresponding shapes.

On Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Qing Shang ◽  
Hong Bing Wang ◽  
Chun Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Energy harvesting system has become one of important areas of ​​research and develops rapidly. How to improve the performance of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is a key issue in engineering applications. There are many literature on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The paper places focus on summarizing these literature of mathematical modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from the linear to nonlinear, from early a single mechanical degree to piezoaeroelastic problems.

Experimental Study of a Self-Excited Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu¨seyin Dog˘us¸ Akaydın ◽  
Niell Elvin ◽  
Yiannis Andreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Natural Mode ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Measured Strain

In the present experimental work, we explore the possibility of using piezoelectric based fluid flow energy harvesters. These harvesters are self-excited and self-sustained in the sense that they can be used in steady uniform flows. The configuration consists of a piezoelectric cantilever beam with a cylindrical tip body which promotes sustainable, aero-elastic structural vibrations induced by vortex shedding and galloping. The structural and aerodynamic properties of the harvester alter the vibration amplitude and frequency of the piezoelectric beam and thus its electrical output. This paper presents results of energy-harvesting tests with one configuration of such a self-excited piezoelectric harvester using a PZT bimorph. In addition to the electrical voltage output, the strain on the surface of beam close to its clamped tip was also measured The measured strain and voltage output were perfectly correlated in the frequency range containing the first natural mode of vibration of the system. It was observed that about 0.24 mW of electrical power can be attained with this harvester in a uniform flow of 28 m/s.

scholarly journals An E-shape broadband piezoelectric energy harvester induced by magnets

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lu ◽  
Fabrizio Scarpa ◽  
Liwu Liu ◽  
Jinsong Leng ◽  
Yanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Tip Mass

We describe in this work a broadband magnetic E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester with wide frequency bandwidth. We develop first a nonlinear electromechanical model of the harvester based on the Hamilton variation principle that simulates the effect of the nonlinear magnetic restoring force at different spacing distances. The model is used to identify the distances existing between two different magnets that enable the system to perform with a specific nonlinearity. The performance of the E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester is also investigated through experiments, with E-shape energy harvesters at different spacing distances tested under several base acceleration excitations. We observe that the frequency domain output voltage of the system shows a general excellent controllable performance, with a widening of the frequency bandwidth. The half-power bandwidth of the linear energy harvester for a distance of 25 mm is 0.8 Hz only, which can be expanded to 2.67 Hz for the larger distance of 11 mm between magnets. The energy harvester presented in this work shows promising performances for broad-spectrum vibration excitations compared to conventional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester systems with a tip mass.

System-Level Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Tang ◽  
Yao Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
System Level ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Circuit Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
System Level Simulation ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting System

Accurate modeling and computer aided simulation is advantageous during the design stage of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system. In this paper, system-level finite element modeling (FEM) of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester with a resistor is conducted using ANSYS. Considering that practical energy harvesting circuit includes nonlinear electrical elements, which is beyond the modeling capability of ANSYS, an equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) method is proposed to address the problem. After the parameters of equivalent circuit are identified, system-level simulation is conducted in SPICE software.

A Linear-Element Coupled Nonlinear Energy Harvesting System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxi Zhou ◽  
Daniel J. Inman ◽  
Junyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Uniform Cross Section ◽  
Linear Spring ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Geometrical Relationship ◽  
Nonlinear Energy

This paper presents a linear-spring coupled nonlinear energy harvesting system, which contains linear piezoelectric energy harvesters coupled by linear springs. Although every element of the system is linear, the system will present nonlinear characteristics when it is subjected to excitations because of the geometric nonlinearity induced by coupled motions. Three non-uniform cross-section linear harvesters with the same total length and the different thickness are selected to form the proposed system. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions and the geometrical relationship among each element, a detailed modeling process of the proposed system is presented. In order to verify the broadband characteristics, the comparison of the proposed system and its linear counterparts is provided. Under harmonic excitations, the proposed system has much better energy harvesting capacity compared with its linear counterparts. What’s more, the energy harvesting performance of the proposed system is a little better than its linear counterparts under random excitations. The results demonstrate that the advantage of the proposed system is enhanced along with increased excitation level. In addition, such non-magnetic nonlinear energy harvesting system can be used in the areas where magnets are forbidden, such as inside the human body.

Scavenging energy from the motion of human lower limbs via a piezoelectric energy harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (07) ◽  
pp. 1741011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangqi Fan ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Yingmin Zhu ◽  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Liansong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Voltage Output

Scavenging energy from human motion through piezoelectric transduction has been considered as a feasible alternative to batteries for powering portable devices and realizing self-sustained devices. To date, most piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) developed can only collect energy from the uni-directional mechanical vibration. This deficiency severely limits their applicability to human motion energy harvesting because the human motion involves diverse mechanical motions. In this paper, a novel PEH is proposed to harvest energy from the motion of human lower limbs. This PEH is composed of two piezoelectric cantilever beams, a sleeve and a ferromagnetic ball. The two beams are designed to sense the vibration along the tibial axis and conduct piezoelectric conversion. The ball senses the leg swing and actuates the two beams to vibrate via magnetic coupling. Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that the proposed PEH can scavenge energy from both the vibration and the swing. During each stride, the PEH can produce multiple peaks in voltage output, which is attributed to the superposition of different excitations. Moreover, the root-mean-square (RMS) voltage output of the PEH increases when the walking speed ranges from 2 to 8 km/h. In addition, the ultra-low frequencies of human motion are also up-converted by the proposed design.

scholarly journals Load Resistance Optimization of a Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Primary Harmonic and Subharmonic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungryong Bae ◽  
Pilkee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Frequency Dependency ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Bistable Energy Harvester

In this study, optimization of the external load resistance of a piezoelectric bistable energy harvester was performed for primary harmonic (period-1T) and subharmonic (period-3T) interwell motions. The analytical expression of the optimal load resistance was derived, based on the spectral analyses of the interwell motions, and evaluated. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical ones. A parametric study shows that the optimal load resistance depended on the forcing frequency, but not the intensity of the ambient vibration. Additionally, it was found that the optimal resistance for the period-3T interwell motion tended to be approximately three times larger than that for the period-1T interwell motion, which means that the optimal resistance was directly affected by the oscillation frequency (or oscillation period) of the motion rather than the forcing frequency. For broadband energy harvesting applications, the subharmonic interwell motion is also useful, in addition to the primary harmonic interwell motion. In designing such piezoelectric bistable energy harvesters, the frequency dependency of the optimal load resistance should be considered properly depending on ambient vibrations.

scholarly journals Power Density Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via a Novel Hybridization Scheme with Electromagnetic Transduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Li ◽  
Chuanfu Xin ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Transduction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Power Densities

A novel hybridization scheme is proposed with electromagnetic transduction to improve the power density of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in this paper. Based on the basic cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (BC-PEH) composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric patch, and a cantilever beam, we replaced the mass block by a magnet array and added a coil array to form the hybrid energy harvester. To enhance the output power of the electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH), we utilized an alternating magnet array. Then, to compare the power density of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH, the experiments of output power were conducted. According to the experimental results, the power densities of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH are, respectively, 3.53 mW/cm3 and 5.14 μW/cm3 under the conditions of 18.6 Hz and 0.3 g. Therefore, the power density of the hybrid harvester is 686 times as high as that of the BC-PEH, which verified the power density improvement of PEH via a hybridization scheme with EMEH. Additionally, the hybrid harvester exhibits better performance for charging capacitors, such as charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 8 V within 17 s. It is of great significance to further develop self-powered devices.

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