scholarly journals Slow-Paced Breathing: Influence of Inhalation/Exhalation Ratio and of Respiratory Pauses on Cardiac Vagal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7775
Author(s):  
Sylvain Laborde ◽  
Maša Iskra ◽  
Nina Zammit ◽  
Uirassu Borges ◽  
Min You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Paced Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Respiratory Phases

Slow-paced breathing has been shown to enhance the self-regulation abilities of athletes via its influence on cardiac vagal activity. However, the role of certain respiratory parameters (i.e., inhalation/exhalation ratio and presence of a respiratory pause between respiratory phases) still needs to be clarified. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of these respiratory parameters on the effects of slow-paced breathing on cardiac vagal activity. A total of 64 athletes (27 female; Mage = 22, age range = 18–30 years old) participated in a within-subject experimental design. Participants performed six breathing conditions within one session, with a 5 min washout period between each condition. Each condition lasted 5 min, with 30 respiratory cycles, and each respiratory cycle lasted 10 s (six cycles per minute), with inhalation/exhalation ratios of 0.8, 1.0, 1.2; and with or without respiratory pauses (0.4 s) between respiratory phases. Results indicated that the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), a marker of cardiac vagal activity, was higher when exhalation was longer than inhalation. The presence of a brief (0.4 s) post-inhalation and post-exhalation respiratory pause did not further influence RMSSD. Athletes practicing slow-paced breathing are recommended to use an inhalation/exhalation ratio in which the exhalation phase is longer than the inhalation phase.

The Appointed Actuary.

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 559-629
Author(s):  
Edward A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Prudential Supervision ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Uk

1.1 A paper about the Appointed Actuary is essentially a paper about prudential supervision of life insurance companies. The system which has operated in the UK since the mid-1970's is only partly one of Government supervision. Through the professional role of the Appointed Actuary, it also contains elements of a system of self-regulation with the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries standing in place of SRO's. Unlike the self-regulatory arrangements of the Financial Services Act. though, this second part of the system has grown up by custom and practice and in certain respects it is not codified. However it enables the Insurance Companies Act to be operated successfully.

scholarly journals Effects of a self-regulating writing course on academic text production in a PhD and Master sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Lida Johana Rincón ◽  
Christian Hederich-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Writing Course

Objective: This article presents the results of a study with an experimental design; whose objective was to examine the effects of a virtual learning environment focused on the self-regulation of writing on the development of self-regulation and academic writing skills. Background: The course design presented here is based on the idea that writing should be taught as a process, not as a product, which requires training students in the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. For this reason, the course set out to increase two skills: 1) the ability to self-regulate academic text writing process and 2) metacognitive awareness. Methodology: In an experimental design, 46 master and doctoral students participated in the 12 – week course, designed to be implemented in an online modality, through the Moodle learning management system. Given the self-regulating nature of this intervention proposal, didactic tools were created enabling the subject to identify and learn about their own processes and the resources they usually employ to develop writing tasks. To that end, the course has two specific strategies: a self-regulating writing scaffolding (SWS) and different tools to increase metacognitive awareness (IMA). The effects of these strategies were observed separately and combined. Results: A first aspect to consider with respect to the effects of the SWS on factors associated with self-regulation is the increase in motivation at the end of the intervention, this, by incorporating strategies such as the explicit formulation of goals, self-evaluation and the explanation of the usefulness and functionality of the task. Regarding achievements reached in improving writing, the SWS also proves to be the most effective for this purpose. Modelling specific behaviours such as choosing specific objectives for the writing task, the formulation of a defined and explicit plan, monitoring behaviours, self-evaluation and self-reinforcement are determinants to reach higher levels of writing.

The Role of Internalized Stigma and Perceived Discrimination Regarding the Self-Esteem of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Dedy Pradipto ◽  
Bernadette N. Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Work Status ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hiv Aids

The aim of this study was to examine the role or internalized stigma and the perception of discrimination in relation to the self esteem of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Jakarta, Indonesia. It would appear that negative stigmatization and discrimination towards PLWA in Indonesia have risen rapidly, in line with the increase in the number of people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The instruments employed were the Rosenberg Internalized Stigma, Perception of Discrimination, and Self Esteem scales. The participants in this study were PLWHA (N = 96), living in Jakarta, with an age range of 15 to 59 years. The results of regression analysis indicated that internalized stigma (t = 1.31; p > .05) and the perception of discrimination (t = - 0.50; p > .05) played no role in predicting self esteem amongst PLWHA. A difference is found regarding internalized stigma and perceived discrimination, seen from the viewpoint of the work status of the participants.

scholarly journals Konseling Gestalt Berbasis Islam dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Regulasi Diri Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Nurviyanti Cholid
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
The Self ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This research was motivated by there is an opportunity for the use of Islamic scholarship concepts that serve as material in Islamic guidance and counseling services to improve self-regulation of santri. the final result proposed in this study is guidance and counseling Gestalt-based Islam can improve self-regulation of santri. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of guidance and counseling Gestalt-based Islam to improve the regulation of boarding school boarding school Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The population of this study is all students aged 13-14 years. The sample in this research is determined by random assignment technique from a population. The sample in this research is determined by random assignment technique from the population. The total number of samples in this study were 24 santri given intervention in the form of guidance and counseling Gestalt Islam based Data collected by questionnaire, observation, and interview. Gestalt counseling on the basis of Islam is quite effective in improving the self-regulating ability of the students at the boarding school Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta. Therefore, the findings of the research results can be used as a reference in developing Islamic counseling and counseling to develop the potential of an individual.

scholarly journals Mental Mechanisms of Psychological States Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-204
Author(s):  
A.O. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mental States ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Analytical Review

The article presents the analytical review of theories and studies of the psychological state regulation through the “self-processes — self-regulation” aspect. The main objective of the article is the analysis of concepts, mechanisms and the role of consciousness structures in the regulatory process. The theories of mental states self-regulation are analyzed: system-activity, system-functional and structures-functional. The specificity of each approach to the regulatory process is shown. It was found that the less developed area in presented theoretical constructions is the mental component of regulation: the contribution of the consciousness structures to the regulation of states, their significance and functions in the regulatory process, the specificity of the influence of individual structures on regulation and their synergy during self-regulation, etc. Review of the concepts of the mental states regulation’s mechanisms points the key role of the consciousness structures in the regulatory process. The consciousness structures are an integral part of the individual’s mental subjective experience. Subjective mental experience integrates meanings with categorical structures of consciousness, goal features, semantic structures of consciousness (personal meaning, values, semantic attitudes, etc.), reflection and its types, experiences, mental representations (imaginative characteristics), the self-system. The relationship between the consciousness structures in the process of mental states regulation is considered. It is shown that the integration of the consciousness components is aimed at the goal achieving — the regulation of the subject’s mental stateThe operational side of the regulatory process is associated with the actions of the subject, aimed at changing the state, feedback and time characteristics.

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