Psycho-physiological evaluations of low-level impulsive sounds produced by air conditioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1193
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Soeta ◽  
Ei Onogawa
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Subjective Loudness ◽  
Long Time

Air conditioners are widely used in buildings to maintain thermal comfort for long time. Air conditioners produce sounds during operation, and air conditioners are regarded as one of the main noise sources in buildings. Most sounds produced by the air conditioner do not fluctuate over time and sound quality of the steady sounds produced by the air conditioner have been evaluated. However, air conditioners sometimes produce low-level and impulsive sounds. Customers criticizes such sounds are annoying when they sleep and they spend time quietly in the living room. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that significantly influence the psycho-physiological response to the low-level impulsive sounds produced by air conditioners. We assessed the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq) and factors extracted from the autocorrelation function (ACF). Subjective loudness, sharpness, annoyance, and electroencephalography (EEG) were evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were performed using a linear combination of LAeq, the ACF factors, and their standard deviations. The results indicated that LAeq, the delay time of the first maximum peak, the width of the first decay of the ACF, and the magnitude and width of the IACF could predict psycho-physiological responses to air conditioner sounds.

Improving the Qualified Rate of Flux Test about Scavenging Pump in Aeroengine by Applying Six Sigma Methodology

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Yang Hua Cao ◽  
Xiu Cui Kang
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Assembly Quality ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Influence

The qualified rate of flux test is decided mainly by the assembly parameters, but for some reasons, the qualified rate especially the one-turn qualified rate had been on a low level for a long time. By applying 6σ methodology, this paper analyzed the influence factors about the flux test and found out the main influence factors firstly; then on base of these analysis results, this paper proposed some improvement measures; finally, this paper validated the effects of these improvement measures by carrying out some tests. The improvement measures proposed in this paper had improved the assembly quality of scavenging pump obviously.

Assessment of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from Different Brands of Window Air-Conditioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Olayemi Abosede Odunlami ◽  
J.N. Chinyelugo ◽  
Francis Boluwaji Elehinafe ◽  
Muyiwa Adedapo Fajobi ◽  
A.A. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Air Conditioners

Electrical appliances have been suspected to contribute harmful pollutants to the atmosphere hence reducing the quality of outdoor ambient air, this suspicion has given rise to environmentalists carrying out research to determine whether these appliances are pollutant free or not. In the course of this research, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions were assessed from the outdoor part of window air-conditioners. Eight window air-conditioners of four prominent brands labeled as A1, A2, A3 and A4 were identified. The air from the outdoor part of the window air-conditioner was monitored for one hour with readings taken at two minutes intervals using the MSA Altair Xcell 5X Gas Sensor. Raw data of results were obtained for the eight window air-conditioners and they were analysed to obtain the daily, weekly, monthly and yearly contributions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide to the atmosphere. The yearly contributions of carbon monoxide for each brand was 15360.00 ppm for A1, 15360.00 ppm for A2, 7680.00 ppm for A3 and 5760.00 ppm for A4 while the hydrogen sulfide contributions for each of the brands was 3840.00 ppm for A1, 1920.00 ppm for A2, 0.00 ppm for A3 and 0.00 ppm for A4. From the results obtained, A1window air conditioner had the highest contribution to both carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the atmosphere.

Measuring gravity on ice: An example from Wanapitei Lake, Ontario, Canada

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. J23-J29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan A. Ugalde ◽  
Elizabeth L’Heureux ◽  
Richard Lachapelle ◽  
Bernd Milkereit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Calm Wind ◽  
Regional Gravity ◽  
The Impact

Large lakes have always represented a problem for regional gravity databases; the difficulty of access means gaps or coarse spacing in the sampling. Satellite, airborne, and shipborne gravity techniques are options, but the resolution and/or cost of these systems make them impractical or inaccurate for exploration or environmental studies, where the required resolution is [Formula: see text]. In this study, the feasibility of a ground gravity survey over a frozen lake where ice moves because of windy conditions is assessed. Lake Wanapitei, widely accepted as resulting from the impact of a meteorite 37 million years ago, is one of these cases in which the necessity of expanding coverage over poorly sampled regions arose from a significant gap between surface and airborne geophysical maps. Two gravity surveys were completed on the ice of Lake Wanapitei in the winters of 2003 and 2004. To study the structure, longtime series of gravity field measurements were recorded for 98 stations, allowing for improved control over the noise sources in the data. Final processing and integration with an existing regional data set in the area and the application of terrain corrections reduced the amplitude of the circular anomaly from 15 to [Formula: see text] and its diameter from 11 to [Formula: see text]. The feasibility of gravity surveys on ice was assessed, and we determined that for large-scale studies such as this one, the quality of the data, even under noisy conditions, was acceptable. However, for more detailed mapping, calm wind conditions and long time series are required.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Psychological Evaluation of Air Conditioner Sounds and Prediction via Correlation Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Soeta ◽  
Ei Onogawa
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Correlation Parameters

Air conditioners are regarded as a major source of noise in built environments. Although noise control technology has reduced the sound produced by air conditioners to a comparatively low level, some people may still feel that certain aspects of the sound quality lead to discomfort. Indeed, both the sound level and the sound quality of an air conditioner can affect user’s acoustic comfort. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that significantly influence the subjective response to the sound of air conditioners. We assessed the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq) and factors extracted from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and interaural cross-correlation (IACF). Subjective loudness, sharpness, and annoyance were evaluated using a paired comparison method. Multiple regression analyses were performed using a linear combination of LAeq, the ACF factors, IACF factors, and assessment of their standard deviations. The multiple regression analyses indicated that LAeq, the delay time of the first maximum peak, the width of the first decay of the ACF, and the magnitude and width of the IACF could predict subjective responses to air conditioner sounds.

scholarly journals Developing a Strategy to Recover Condensate Water from Air Conditioners in Palestine

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Lubna Siam ◽  
Issam A. Al-Khatib ◽  
Fathi Anayah ◽  
Shehdeh Jodeh ◽  
Ghadir Hanbali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

As the need for water is increasing in Palestine, and the available water resources are barely sufficient to meet the demands of the current quality of life and the economy, air conditioner condensate water could be explored as an alternative water source. The objective of this study is to better understand the potential for recovery of condensate water from air conditioning systems in two Palestinian cities. In addition, this study aims to evaluate this water source in terms of quality and quantity. Generally, it was found that the condensate water has good quality, which conforms to the Palestinian standards for reused water for irrigation, except for turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements. Reflecting the heavy metal occurrence in the collected condensate water, no particular risk was recognized for drinking water or reused irrigation standards, except for manganese occurrence of 0.19 mg/L in one sample. From a single unit capacity, high quantities of water were observed of approximately 259 L and 453 L per month in Ramallah and Jericho cities, respectively. These figures should draw the attention of decision and policy makers to put in place strict technical guidelines to be followed for potential reuse of condensate water at the local level.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

Electrical Damage Due to Low Energy Plasma Processing of GaAs Structures

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans P. Zappe ◽  
Gudrun Kaufel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physical Plasma

ABSTRACTThe effect of numerous plasma reative ion etch and physical milling processes on the electrical behavior of GaAs bulk substrates has been investigated by means of electric microwave absorption. It was seen that plasma treatments at quite low energies may significantly affect the electrical quality of the etched semiconductor. Predominantly physical plasma etchants (Ar) were seen to create significant damage at very low energies. Chemical processes (involving Cl or F), while somewhat less pernicious, also gave rise to electrical substrate damage, the effect greater for hydrogenic ambients. Whereas rapid thermal anneal treatments tend to worsen the electrical integrity, some substrates respond positively to long-time high temperature anneal steps.

PEMBENAHAN TERHADAP LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DAPAT MENIADAKAN OPSI HUKUMAN MATI BAGI NARAPIDANA DI INDONESIA (THE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF PENITENTIARY CAN ELIMINATE THE DEATH PENALTY OPTIONS OF CONVICTED CRIMINALS IN INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Nomensen Freddy Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time

After a long time was not heard to the public area, lately death penalty toward the criminal cases that classified as extraordinary crime are appear. The author discovers electronic article about the execution of the death penalty which is the prosecutor prepares to execute death penalty toward the drugs dealer. The president of Republic of Indonesia stated that it is necessary to give a deterrent effect to the convicted  criminal and keep the morality of Indonesian teenagers. According to my opinion, the author argues that it will be better and wiser if we discuss about renovating all of the Penitentiary in Indonesia than debating whether death penalty could be done in Indonesia or not, because it will be displeasure many parties, death penalty infringed the human rights of the convicted criminals and cause psychological burden to them, families, the executor of the death penalty, and other parties. Because if we have to improve the quality of the Penitentiary, if the function of Penitentiary for fostering moralily has been optimal or properly enough to the convicted criminals, Indonesia will be no longer need the death penalty option as sanction to the convicted crimanals including for the extraordinary crime (especially for drugs trafficking in our country). Penitentiary is one of the public services which aims for fostering the people that initially have bad habits (commited to the crime), so that they will have the awareness to change their bad attitude into the be better ones, will not harm others, and positively contributed to the society. Already Penitentiary’s conditions should be designed in such a way and as good as possible, so that the inmates feels like at their own home (like having a second home after his own home), and feel humaner to spend their days in the Penitentiary. The author believes that if the Penitentiary has been improved and optimized its function well, then the real purpose of Penitentiary will definitely achieved. As stated in Law Number 12 Year 1995 regarding to Penitentiary Article 2 which states "sanction system are organized in order to fostering the convicted criminals in order to be the real man, aware of their fault, improve themselves, and not to repeat the criminal act so that they can be friendly received by the community, can actively participated in the development of our country, and can socialize themselves as good citizen."Article 3 on this regulation also intensifies the function of Penitentiary "the function of Penitentiary is to prepare convicted criminals to be able to properly integrated to the society, so they can be accepted again as members of the public who are free and responsible ones." 

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