Artificial Intelligence in Economy and Policy Nowadays. Article 1. Artificial Intelligence as New Economic and Political Reality

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Reality

The article opens a three-part series of articles by the author that tells about the phenomenally rapid development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as a subject of «big economy» and «big politics». The author critically evaluates various approaches to defining the essence of AI and makes an attempt to systematically understand the processes of the beginning practical use of AI. The political, humanitarian and economic reasons for its entry into the center of public attention are indicated. The facts of stimulating the development of AI in the context of the synthesis of a consumer society and an information society are analyzed. The features of human existence next to AI, imaginary and real fears (risks, threats) of such coexistence (interaction) and attempts at its ethical regulations are revealed. In the second article of the cycle, the results of the analysis of the market for artificial intelligence developments will be presented, and in the third, the results of the study of the goals, reasons and specifics of adopting national strategies for supporting AI developments in different countries.

The Ocean Revolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick G. Ogley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Third

The last 11 years have witnessed a revolution in the political organization of the oceans, a revolution that has found expression, at the global level, in the third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference, which held its first, procedural, session in New York in 1973 and began its seventh at Geneva this spring, having already consumed 41 weeks of diplomatic time in pursuit of its breath takingly ambitious target of a single comprehensive convention to govern the oceans. Today it, and the issues with which it is concerned, attract little public attention; but they have provoked a wealth of serious studies, conferences, and papers. Those examined here are among the more important of them, but they are far from exhausting the field.

The consecration of Kumāra: The role of Thanesar and King Harṣa in the composition of the Skandapurāṇa

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-125
Author(s):  
MARTINE P. KROPMAN
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Times ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Core Part

In‘The World of the Skandapurāṇa’, published in 2014, Hans T. Bakker presents a possible scenario for the composition of the Skandapurāṇa1(SP), dating its conception to the reign of the Maukhari king Avantivarman in the late sixth century and the completion of its first recension to the times of king Harṣa in the first half of the seventh. Because of the attention it receives in the text, Vārāṇasī is identified as the most likely place of origin;2the authors of the text belonged to the Pāśupata Śaivas, writing for a broad audience of mostly lay Māheśvaras.3In this paper I would like to comment on some aspects of this scenario by investigating the relations between the SP and king Harṣa – both his person and his region of origin, the kingdom of Thanesar. I will argue that there are internal indications that the original constituent parts of the text may originate from there — and that its further development may have been impacted by the political reality of Harṣa having come to power. My argument will consist of three parts: the first related to the geography of the sacred places mentioned in the SP, the second concerning the way Harṣa is alluded to in the chapters describing the birth and consecration of Skanda and the third about the expansion of the original, “core” part of the SP.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Consumer Society and Information Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
V. N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Borders

The first part of the article shows that modern consumer society, with all the fairness of its negative ethical assessments, has reduced the threat of overproduction of huge volumes of similar consumer goods and, at the same time, has stimulated the creation of new places of employment. This is justified by the data on the multiple expansion of the range of products and services demanded by the consumer. The second part of the article shows the most important foundations for the functioning of the information society, which ensured its expansion beyond corporate and national borders and transformation into a global phenomenon of our time. The unique role of the Internet in “mass digitalization”, in the formation of the “digital economy” and in the constant expansion of the consumer layer of its goods and services is analyzed. In the third part of the article, the organic and complementary combination of consumer society and information society features is called the information society of consumption.

scholarly journals SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVISM OF OF RUSSIAN YOUTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Oleg Otrokov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Effective Level ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The rapid development of digital technologies and their mass application in all areas has a significant impact on the forms of the socio-political activism of young people, as well as on the formation of young people's civic and political stances. Currently, the classical institutions of civic participation are being transformed under the influence of the digital environment, which leads to the emergence of new formations, which cover increasingly broad cohorts, have specific functioning features and tools. In the study, the author considers various approaches to work and forms of socio-political activism in the modern digital environment, identifies signs of the classification of the digital institutions of civic participation, as well as the subjects of the socio-political activism of youth in information society. The very notion of the digital institution of civic participation as a form of interaction between individuals through the digital environment is defined, which is used to implement joint goals and objectives that are relevant to all community participants. The author concludes that the interaction of traditional and digital tools, their mutual supplementation will allow to realize the socio-political needs of young people at a much more effective level, which are due to both objective age and psychophysical factors and the conditions of the external environment and current political reality.

scholarly journals The end of cinema as we know it.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Alexandre e Castro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
Near Future ◽  
New Devices ◽  
The Way

This essay poses the theoretical possibility of the end of cinema (probably by the end of this century). With these words, it is meant that in the near future, the cinema, that is to say, the film industry, the films, the movie theatres, will disappear or will change in the way we know it. To support this thesis there are (at least) the following arguments and circumstances: the pseudo-hedonism in modern society, the  rapid development of artificial intelligence, the alteration of neuronal structures and therefore, the alteration of human rhythms in perceiving reality, the political and environmental changes in the planet. This will, in turn, open to some new other possibilities such as new devices for viewing, new entertainment industries, and even, perhaps, a new society. So, one may ask if it will be just a transformation in the way we see movies or really the end of cinema as we know it?

Political but incontestable: A review of ‘political constitutionalism’ in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
SU BIAN
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Reality

Abstract Although all constitutional issues are political in essence, ‘political constitutionalism’ as a school is specifically critical of court-centred understandings. Such a school of political constitutionalism has emerged in Chinese constitutional debates since 2008. Its rapid development has both enriched and challenged Chinese constitutional studies, but it has also left certain impacts on the political reality of China. Is this school comparable to the Western political constitutionalism tradition and how is ‘the political’ defined? By discerning three political registers from the school’s main arguments as the ‘constitutional moment’, ‘polity’ and ‘governance’, this article aims to critically examine the aims and functions of political constitutionalism in China and to argue that while constitutional reflexivity requires contestability, the political registers of this wide-ranging school in fact deny it.

scholarly journals Towards the Trustworthy AI

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Tihomir Katulić
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Legal Literature

After decades of theoretical deliberations, the rapid development of advanced information technology has allowed machine learning as a first practical step towards artificial intelligence to enter widespread commercial and government use. The transition into a post-industrial, information society has revealed the value of data as an important resource whose processing is the basis of the new innovative information society services. The European Union has enacted several important regulations and directives in the recent past to protect the recognized fundamental rights of individuals and to regulate the obligations of service providers to ensure safe and secure processing. The Charter of Fundamental Rights as the legal basis of the European system of human rights contains significant checks and limitations to the effect and purpose of future EU AI regulation. Whenever and however this regulation is adopted, it will need to comply with and contain existing European legal standards regarding the fundamental rights of individuals in the EU. The European Commission’s ethical guidelines establish ethical principles based on the recognized fundamental rights that future AI systems need to adhere to in order to be recognized as trustworthy. The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the mechanisms present in existing European regulations in the fields of data protection and information security and in the European Union documents regarding the future artificial intelligence regulation and to offer suggestions for future regulations. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of available regulations and policy documents of the European Union, national laws, legal literature, and other sources.

Issues Surrounding the Development of the Neo-Nazi Scene in East Berlin

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Brothers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich

The rise of neo-Nazism in the capital of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) was not inspired by a desire to recreate Hitler's Reich, but by youthful rebellion against the political and social culture of the GDR's Communist regime. This is detailed in Fuehrer-Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Naxi by Ingo Hasselbach with Tom Reiss (Random House, New York, 1996). This movement, however, eventually worked towards returning Germany to its former 'glory' under the Third Reich under the guidance of 'professional' Nazis.

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