Faculty Opinions recommendation of Trends in the prevalence and mortality of cognitive impairment in the United States: is there evidence of a compression of cognitive morbidity?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miia Kivipelto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Stroke With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in the United States: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Songqing Ke ◽  
Yangting He ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Weighted Proportion

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations of stroke with cognitive impairment in older US adults.Method: The data used in this longitudinal analysis were extracted from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) from 2011 to 2019. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the longitudinal association of stroke with cognitive impairment. The multivariable model was adjusted by demographic, physical, and mental characteristics, and the complex survey design of NHATS was taken into consideration.Results: A total of 7,052 participants with complete data were included. At the baseline, the weighted proportion of cognitive impairment was 19.37% (95% CI, 17.92–20.81%), and the weighted proportion of the history of stroke was 9.81% (95% CI, 8.90–10.72%). In univariate analysis, baseline stroke history was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the future (hazard ratio, 1.746; 95% CI, 1.461–2.088), and the baseline cognitive impairment was significantly associated with future report of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.088–1.896). In multivariable model, stroke was also significantly associated with cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 1.241; 95% CI, 1.011–1.522); however, the reverse association was not significant (hazard ratio, 1.068; 95% CI, 0.788–1.447). After the data from proxy respondents were excluded, in the sensitive analyses, the results remained unchanged.Conclusion: Older adults in the United States who suffered strokes are more likely to develop cognitive impairment as a result in the future than those who have not had strokes. However, the reverse association did not hold. Furthermore, the study suggests that it is necessary to screen and take early intervention for cognitive impairment in stroke survivors and prevent the incidence of stroke by modifying risk factors in the general population with rapidly growing older US adults.

scholarly journals Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Microvascular Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Balasubramanian ◽  
Tamas Kiss ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Ádám Nyúl-Tóth ◽  
Chetan Ahire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Microvascular Rarefaction

Over two thirds of individuals aged 65 and older are obese or overweight in the United States. Epidemiological data show an association between the degree of adiposity and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of microvascular mechanisms, including impaired endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses, microvascular rarefaction and blood-brain barrier disruption in the genesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric obesity are considered. The potential contribution of adipose-derived factors and fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of senescence to exacerbated obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular impairment and cognitive decline in aging are discussed.

scholarly journals Depression and the Diagnosis of MCI in a Culturally Diverse Sample in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merike Lang ◽  
Mónica Rosselli ◽  
Maria T Greig ◽  
Valeria L Torres ◽  
Idaly Vélez-Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

Abstract Objective To analyze (1) whether there are ethnic differences in the severity of depressive symptoms between groups of elders classified as cognitively normal (CN) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and (2) the influence of depressive symptoms on specific cognitive performance by ethnicity across diagnoses, controlling for covariates. Methods 164 Hispanics residing in the United States (HAs) and European Americans (EAs) (100 women; Mage = 72.1, SD = 8.0) were diagnosed as either CN or aMCI. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognition was assessed using the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (semantic memory), Multilingual Naming Test (confrontation naming), and the Stroop Test (Color–Word condition; executive function). A 2 × 2 univariate ANCOVA as well as linear and logistic regressions explored differences in depressive symptoms among diagnostic and ethnic groups. Results Higher depression was seen in aMCI compared to the CN group for both ethnicities, after controlling for age, education, gender, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Greater levels of depression also predicted lower scores in confrontation naming and semantic memory for only the EA group and marginally in scores of executive function for HA participants. GDS-15 scores of ≤ 4 also predicted less likelihood of aMCI diagnosis. Conclusions Severity of depressive symptoms was associated with greater cognitive impairment, independent of ethnicity. Significant results suggest detrimental effects of depression on clinical diagnoses most evidently for subjects from the EA group.

Regulatory Perspectives: One Academic Viewpoint From the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Peter Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Vascular Burden ◽  
The Brain

The development of new drugs to treat vascular dementia and other conditions in which cognitive impairment is due at least in part to vascular pathology will require future interaction among academic, industry, and government regulatory clinicians and scientists. This article offers the author's perspective on the positive involvement of the Food and Drug Administration in development of conceptual frameworks and practical approaches to treatment of conditions characterized by vascular burden of the brain.

scholarly journals Time Trends in the Prevalence of Neurocognitive Disorders and Cognitive Impairment in the United States: The Effects of Disease Severity and Improved Ascertainment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Akushevich ◽  
Arseniy P. Yashkin ◽  
Julia Kravchenko ◽  
Svetlana Ukraintseva ◽  
Eric Stallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders
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