Seleção de espécies bioindicadoras para os herbicidas pyroxasulfone e pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin em solos contrastantes / Selection of bioindicator species for pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin herbicides in contrasting soils

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of summer-grown species planted in soils contaminated with the herbicides fomesafen or sulfentrazone. In a greenhouse, doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 kg ha-1) and or sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1), were applied in the pre-emergence of brown hemp, millet, velvet bean and sorghum. On the field, the recommended doses of fomesafen (0.250 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.600 kg ha-1) were used in the pre-emergence of brown hemp, velvet bean and sorghum, plus a treatment without cultivation. These species, before planting canola (bioindicator species), were submitted to mowing and burndown. In greenhouse trials, velvet bean, millet and sorghum tolerated fomesafen up to the recommended dose; sulfentrazone caused the total death of these plants. In the field experiments, the cultivation of velvet bean and brown hemp, in general, were the best alternatives preceding canola, in soil contaminated with fomesafen, and mainly velvet bean for sulfentrazone-contaminated areas. The number of siliques per plant of canola and its productivity were superior when using velvet bean as cover crop for both herbicides, regardless of the adopted management. It is possible to conclude that brown hemp and velvet bean were the species that best phytoremediated soils treated with fomesafen or sulfentrazone, and could be used in the decontamination of soils treated with these herbicides, regardless of the adopted management.

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Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽

Giorgio Vallortigara

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

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Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100051174 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 395-407

Author(s):

S. Henriksen

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

The Other ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Mean Sea Level ◽

The Earth ◽

The One ◽

Static Systems ◽

Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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Measurements of the Cape Astrometric Survey of the Southern Hemisphere

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100074534 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 515-521

Author(s):

W. Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Automatic Measuring ◽

Measuring Machine ◽

Final Selection ◽

Selection Of

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.

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Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072666 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 444-445

Author(s):

P.J. Killingworth ◽

M. Warren

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Low Density ◽

Beam Diameter ◽

Incident Electron Beam ◽

Specimen Material ◽

Voltage Compensation ◽

Selection Of ◽

Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

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Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007206x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 324-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. M. Lowrie ◽

W. S. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Embedded Blocks ◽

Specific Tissue ◽

Definition Of ◽

Areas Of Interest ◽

Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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The DQE of an electron image recording system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107642 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 100-101

Author(s):

K.-H. Herrmann ◽

D. Krahl ◽

H.-P Rust

Keyword(s):

Primary Electron ◽

Ideal Case ◽

Image Recording ◽

Main Requirement ◽

High Detection ◽

Electron Image ◽

Video Amplifier ◽

Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.

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Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101967 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 442-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.E. Murr ◽

A.B. Draper

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

State Physics ◽

Test Material ◽

Milling Machine ◽

Rotary Table ◽

Solid State Physics ◽

Materials Properties ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

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Small Computer System for Micrograph Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100097879 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

J. F. Hainfeld ◽

J. S. Wall

Keyword(s):

Large Range ◽

Small Computer ◽

Black And White ◽

Contour Maps ◽

Points Of Interest ◽

Computer Aided Analysis ◽

Specialized Hardware ◽

Additional Memory ◽

Selection Of ◽

Publication Quality

Cost reduction and availability of specialized hardware for image processing have made it reasonable to purchase a stand-alone interactive work station for computer aided analysis of micrographs. Some features of such a system are: 1) Ease of selection of points of interest on the micrograph. A cursor can be quickly positioned and coordinates entered with a switch. 2) The image can be nondestructively zoomed to a higher magnification for closer examination and roaming (panning) can be done around the picture. 3) Contrast and brightness of the picture can be varied over a very large range by changing the display look-up tables. 4) Marking items of interest can be done by drawing circles, vectors or alphanumerics on an additional memory plane so that the picture data remains intact. 5) Color pictures can easily be produced. Since the human eye can detect many more colors than gray levels, often a color encoded micrograph reveals many features not readily apparent with a black and white display. Colors can be used to construct contour maps of objects of interest. 6) Publication quality prints can easily be produced by taking pictures with a standard camera of the T.V. monitor screen.

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