scholarly journals Wizerunek Niemców w polskich obrazach filmowych okresu transformacji ustrojowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Okoński
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
German Film ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
The Republic

In Poland, the changes started with the Round Table talks and June elections, and in the GDR with the fall of the Berlin Wall. They gained momentum with the transformation of the Polish People’s Republic into the Republic of Poland and the accession of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany. These processes were reflected in literature, film, music, and even computer games. Artistic attempts to face the new reality acquired a special dimension in Germany, where the term “breakthrough literature” appeared. The international success of such productions as The Lives of Others or Goodbye, Lenin! indicates the great interest of German film directors in the subject as well. Similar attempts were made in Poland. Films appeared in which German characters – refugees from the GDR, businessmen, tourists, regime officials, or criminals – were presented in connection with the native heroes (usually in the background). An analysis of these characters allows us to look at the Polish experience of the last thirty years from a different perspective and to make a certain relativization of the changes that have occurred in Poland. In accord with Marcin Kula’s concept, the author treats selected films as “historical memory carriers” and analyzes the image of Germans in films created during the political transformation in Poland or in films that concern this period: Psy (Dogs, directed by Władysław Pasikowski), Dwadzieścia lat później (Twenty Years Later, directed by Michał Dudziewicz), Sauna (directed by Filip Bajon), Obcy musi fruwać (The Foreigner Must Go, dir. Wiesław Saniewski), Yuma (dir. Piotr Mularuk) and Wróżby kumaka (Call of the Toad, dir. Robert Gliński).

The development of trade relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Soviet Union (1960-1963)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Argyrios Tasoulas
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

This article studies the development of Soviet-Cypriot trade relations in 1960-63, based on research at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). Concurrently, a historical analysis follows the events after the creation of the new Cypriot state and the two major Cold War crises (the building of the Berlin wall and the Cuban missile crisis). The efforts made by both governments to develop bilateral trade, the aftermath of the two major international crises and the results of the two governments’ policies have been identified and analyzed.

The Specter of the Past: Reconstructing Conservative Historical Memory in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-362
Author(s):  
Myungji Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
New Right ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

Through the case of the New Right movement in South Korea in the early 2000s, this article explores how history has become a battleground on which the Right tried to regain its political legitimacy in the postauthoritarian context. Analyzing disputes over historiography in recent decades, this article argues that conservative intellectuals—academics, journalists, and writers—play a pivotal role in constructing conservative historical narratives and building an identity for right-wing movements. By contesting what they viewed as “distorted” leftist views and promoting national pride, New Right intellectuals positioned themselves as the guardians of “liberal democracy” in the Republic of Korea. Existing studies of the Far Right pay little attention to intellectual circles and their engagement in civil society. By examining how right-wing intellectuals appropriated the past and shaped triumphalist national imagery, this study aims to better understand the dynamics of ideational contestation and knowledge production in Far Right activism.

Security Council

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Substantial Role ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic

With the signature on November 2, 1949, of a comprehensive Covering Resolution, the Round Table Conference on the Indonesian question reached an “eminently successful” conclusion, the United Nations Commission for Indonesia reported to the Security Council on November 8. Agreement had been reached by representatives of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia, and the Federal Consultative Assembly on transfer of sovereignty over Indonesia, the statute of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union, and a series of related problems. The commission's report, to which Conference agreements were appended, noted that the commission had taken part in the conference in accordance with its terms of reference, and had played a substantial role in the successful outcome.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Overcoming the Painful Nazi and Socialist Past in Contemporary Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 664-685
Author(s):  
Аndriy Kudriachenko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
German Society ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
New Public ◽  
Historical Heritage

The article analyses the components of overcoming the national socialist past of Germany and the totalitarian legacy of the socialist era, identifies four historical periods, displays the fundamental difference and common features in the approaches of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic to the study of the national socialist past, and outlines a system of measures for the formation of political culture in reunified Germany. Various components of the policy of clear distancing from the Hitler regime and integration of former Nazis into new public institutions as a way to establish modern democratic foundations of Germany’s development are considered. The article emphasizes the importance of the generational change and critical public study of the painful past and an important role of the establishment of a new political culture. The growing public interest and intensive public discussions in united Germany related to the formation of historical memory are pointed out. The importance and significance of studying the GDR’s past and overcoming differences between citizens of the Eastern and Western parts of reunified Germany are emphasized. The article also outlines new approaches and visions of self-identification of a state, society and citizens based on the so-called constitutional patriotism. The author emphasizes that the German society has established the idea that any positive historical myths cannot become a basis for the genuine development of a country and that an antidote to the repetition of the terrible pages of history is not relegating them to oblivion but immortal memory thereof. Such an approach included an appropriate set of sociopolitical and economic measures ranging from property restitution and lustration to the payment of monetary compensation to victims of the regime and creation of memorial complexes. The author hopes that overcoming the burdensome Nazi and totalitarian past will continue to serve as a powerful guarantee of the democratic progress of modern Germany. Keywords: FRG, GDR, historical memory, World War II, national tragedy, historical heritage.

scholarly journals 1918 and the Habsburg Monarchy as Reflected in Slovak Historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Júlia Čížová ◽  
Roman Holec
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Generation

With regard to the “long” nineteenth-century history of the Habsburg monarchy, the new generation of post-1989 historians have strengthened research into social history, the history of previously unstudied social classes, the church, nobility, bourgeoisie, and environmental history, as well as the politics of memory.The Czechoslovak centenary increased historians’ interest in the year 1918 and the constitutional changes in the Central European region. It involved the culmination of previous revisitations of the World War I years, which also benefited from gaining a 100-year perspective. The Habsburg monarchy, whose agony and downfall accompanied the entire period of war (1914–1918), was not left behind because the year 1918 marked a significant milestone in Slovak history. Exceptional media attention and the completion of numerous research projects have recently helped make the final years of the monarchy and the related topics essential ones.Remarkably, with regard to the demise of the monarchy, Slovak historiography has focused not on “great” and international history, but primarily on regional history and its elites; on the fates of “ordinary” people living on the periphery, on life stories, and socio-historical aspects. The recognition of regional events that occurred in the final months of the monarchy and the first months of the republic is the greatest contribution of recent historical research. Another contribution of the extensive research related to the year 1918 is a number of editions of sources compiled primarily from the resources of regional archives. The result of such partial approaches is the knowledge that the year 1918 did not represent the discontinuity that was formerly assumed. On the contrary, there is evidence of surprising continuity in the positions of professionals such as generals, officers, professors, judges, and even senior old regime officers within the new establishment. In recent years, Slovak historiography has also managed to produce several pieces of work concerned with historical memory in relation to the final years of the monarchy.

scholarly journals Experience and Peculiarities of Reconciliation of Contradictions between Germany and France

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
O. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article is devoted to the study of the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France. The positions of the Presidents of France and Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany regarding the theoretical foundations and practical steps of the implementation of French-German reconciliation are studied. This paper deals with the problem of Alsace-Lorraine, a region with a border identity, which repeatedly became the cause of Franco-German disputes and passed from one state to another. The role of the individual in overcoming the contradictions between Germany and France is highlighted. The factor of European integration is considered, which not only contributed to the reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France, but also turned the two states into leaders of a united Europe. The Elysee Treaty and its implementation were analyzed. The military cooperation between France and Germany is investigated. The problem of historical memory and the desire to reconcile the contradictions between Germany and France are revealed. It is proved that the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France testify to the fact that the real reconciliation of the two leading states directed their efforts towards a more global goal – the creation of a common Europe. It was concluded that the mechanisms for achieving Franco-German reconciliation are interesting for studying and borrowing, taking into account national characteristics in the reconciliation of other European countries, and regions with borderline identities. The French-German experience may be useful for application in Polish-Ukrainian relations. The main conclusion from the analysis of the experience and the peculiarities of reconciling the contradictions between Germany and France is that their implementation led to unexpected and far-reaching consequences that once seemed just a dream. At the beginning of European integration in the 50s of the twentieth century, it was difficult to imagine the contemporary EU with its common currency, the Schengen area, developed economy, social programs. Franco-German reconciliation was transformed into the fruitful work of the Franco-German tandem, on the success of which depends not only the future of France and Germany, but the evolution of the entire united Europe.

scholarly journals Wybrane płaszczyzny sporu o samorząd terytorialny w początkach III Rzeczpospolitej

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Paweł Gofron
Keyword(s):  
Third Republic ◽  
Round Table ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Implementation Scheme

Selected grounds of strife over the self ‑government at the beginning of the Third Polish RepublicThis article presents the selected grounds of strife over the self-govern-ment in Poland during the political transformation – from the end of the Polish People’s Republic to the beginning of the Third Republic of Poland. In the introduction the importance of the self -government re-form was emphasized. In the main content the discourse over the self--government during the Round Table Talks was reconstructed in outli-ne. Moreover, the projects of the implementation scheme of the reform were discussed. The last part of the text concerns the dispute over the introduction of poviats as the second level of self -government.

Modern World Trend of Sustainable Economy and Formation of the Circular Ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova

Economica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Dodu-Gugea ◽  
◽  
Zorina Siscan ◽  
Liliana Condratchi ◽  
Olesea Fortuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
The Republic

Starting from studies conducted in the field, the authors define sustainable economy as a global trend and identify co-creation power of circular ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. Attention is paid to sustainable economy as based on managing resources in interest of not only contemporary generations, but also the future ones. The implementation of policies related to business interests should be closely linked to sustainable development of natural and socio-cultural ecosystems. The technologies of circular economy directly contribute to sustainable economy. The ecological crisis and the current pandemic situation are leading to a revision of socio-economic values that result in the need to form circular global ecosystem. The round table of 18.12.2020, organized by the authors within ASEM, confirmed that activists, entrepreneurs, academics and political decision makers, being driving forces of sustainable economy, capitalize on this global trend, co-creating the circular ecosystem.

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