scholarly journals Causal Inference in Industrial Alarm Data byTimely Clustered Alarms and Transfer Entropy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Fahimipirehgalin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transfer Entropy ◽  
Alarm Management ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Log File ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Causal Sequence ◽  
High Degree

In large-scale industrial plants, alarm management system (AMS) has a critical role in safety and efficiency of the plant. High degree of connectivity in large-scale plants results in high degree of dependencies between the generated alarms, and thus in any abnormal condition, a huge number of alarms are presented to the operator. This phenomenon is known as alarm flood, which might lead to a hazardous situation if the operator cannot handle them. Therefore, an efficient alarm analysis system is required to assist the operator by detecting the sequence of alarms and the root-cause analysis between them. In this paper, a data-driven method using the alarm log file is proposed to detect the causal sequence of the alarms. In this method, an efficient alarm clustering based on time distance between the alarms is proposed to keep the timely close alarms in one cluster. This clustering approach can help to preserve the neighboring alarms in one cluster. By similarity analysis between the detected clusters, the similar clusters can form a category of alarms. Each category and the clusters inside them are further analyzed for root-cause detection by means of transfer entropy. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated with an industrial alarm data

scholarly journals Causal Inference in Industrial Alarm Data byTimely Clustered Alarms and Transfer Entropy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Fahimipirehgalin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transfer Entropy ◽  
Alarm Management ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Log File ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Causal Sequence ◽  
High Degree

In large-scale industrial plants, alarm management system (AMS) has a critical role in safety and efficiency of the plant. High degree of connectivity in large-scale plants results in high degree of dependencies between the generated alarms, and thus in any abnormal condition, a huge number of alarms are presented to the operator. This phenomenon is known as alarm flood, which might lead to a hazardous situation if the operator cannot handle them. Therefore, an efficient alarm analysis system is required to assist the operator by detecting the sequence of alarms and the root-cause analysis between them. In this paper, a data-driven method using the alarm log file is proposed to detect the causal sequence of the alarms. In this method, an efficient alarm clustering based on time distance between the alarms is proposed to keep the timely close alarms in one cluster. This clustering approach can help to preserve the neighboring alarms in one cluster. By similarity analysis between the detected clusters, the similar clusters can form a category of alarms. Each category and the clusters inside them are further analyzed for root-cause detection by means of transfer entropy. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated with an industrial alarm data

Nursing professionals’ attitudes toward use of physical restraints in Styrian nursing homes Austria

Pflege ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Tanja Trummer ◽  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Éva Rásky ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Abstract. Background: Given that nursing staff play a critical role in the decision regarding use of physical restraints, research has examined nursing professionals’ attitudes toward this practice. Aim: Since nursing professionals’ views on physical restraint use have not yet been examined in Austria to date, we aimed to explore nursing professionals’ attitudes concerning use of physical restraints in nursing homes of Styria (Austria). Method: Data were collected from a convenience sample of nursing professionals (N = 355) within 19 Styrian nursing homes, based on a cross-sectional study design. Attitudes toward the practice of restraint use were assessed by means of the Maastricht Attitude Questionnaire in the German version. Results: The overall results showed rather positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints, yet the findings regarding the sub-dimensions of the questionnaire were mixed. Although nursing professionals tended to deny “good reasons” for using physical restraints, they evaluated the consequences of physical restraint use rather positive and considered restraint use as an appropriate health care practice. Nursing professionals’ views regarding the consequences of using specific physical restraints further showed that belts were considered as the most restricting and discomforting devices. Conclusions: Overall, Austrian nursing professionals seemed to hold more positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints than counterparts in other Western European countries. Future nationwide large-scale surveys will be needed to confirm our findings.

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Tanita Suttichaimongkol
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Duct Epithelium ◽  
Bile Duct Epithelium ◽  
High Degree

Cholangiocarcinoma is a primary biliary tract tumor arising from the bile duct epithelium. Classically, these tumors have been categorized according to their anatomic location as intrahepatic and extrahepatic. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common type of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. It is the most difficult cancer to diagnose and therefore carries a poor prognosis with a 5-year survivalrate of less than 10%. Diagnostic imaging, coupled with a high degree of clinical suspicion, play a critical role in timely diagnosis, staging, and evaluation for surgical resectability. The most common imagingmodalities used for diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRI/MRCP). This article showed a case presentation and reviewed the imaging appearance of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.   Figure 1  Greyscale sonography at the level of hepatic hilum revealed an ill-defined hilar mass (asterisk)resulting in upstream dilatation of right (arrow) and left (arrow head) main intrahepatic duct.  

scholarly journals STEM-20. A CANCER STEM CELL-SELECTIVE APOPTOSIS-INDUCING SMALL MOLECULE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GBM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii200-ii200
Author(s):  
Stephen Skirboll ◽  
Natasha Lucki ◽  
Genaro Villa ◽  
Naja Vergani ◽  
Michael Bollong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Activation Assay

Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. A subpopulation of multipotent cells termed GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation and maintenance, drug resistance, and recurrence following surgery. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM have recently focused on targeting CSCs. Here we have used an unbiased large-scale screening approach to identify drug-like small molecules that induce apoptosis in GBM CSCs in a cell type-selective manner. METHODS A luciferase-based survival assay of patient-derived GBM CSC lines was established to perform a large-scale screen of ∼one million drug-like small molecules with the goal of identifying novel compounds that are selectively toxic to chemoresistant GBM CSCs. Compounds found to kill GBM CSC lines as compared to control cell types were further characterized. A caspase activation assay was used to evaluate the mechanism of induced cell death. A xenograft animal model using patient-derived GBM CSCs was employed to test the leading candidate for suppression of in vivo tumor formation. RESULTS We identified a small molecule, termed RIPGBM, from the cell-based chemical screen that induces apoptosis in primary patient-derived GBM CSC cultures. The cell type-dependent selectivity of RIPGBM appears to arise at least in part from redox-dependent formation of a proapoptotic derivative, termed cRIPGBM, in GBM CSCs. cRIPGBM induces caspase 1-dependent apoptosis by binding to receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) and acting as a molecular switch, which reduces the formation of a prosurvival RIPK2/TAK1 complex and increases the formation of a proapoptotic RIPK2/caspase 1 complex. In an intracranial GBM xenograft mouse model, RIPGBM was found to significantly suppress tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Our chemical genetics-based approach has identified a small molecule drug candidate and a potential drug target that selectively targets cancer stem cells and provides an approach for the treatment of GBMs.

scholarly journals Complex Network Modelling of Origin–Destination Commuting Flows for the COVID-19 Epidemic Spread Analysis in Italian Lombardy Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4381
Author(s):  
Angela Lombardi ◽  
Nicola Amoroso ◽  
Alfonso Monaco ◽  
Sabina Tangaro ◽  
Roberto Bellotti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Spread Analysis

Currently the whole world is affected by the COVID-19 disease. Italy was the first country to be seriously affected in Europe, where the first COVID-19 outbreak was localized in the Lombardy region. The further spreading of the cases led to the lockdown of the most affected regions in northern Italy and then the entire country. In this work we investigated an epidemic spread scenario in the Lombardy region by using the origin–destination matrix with information about the commuting flows among 1450 urban areas within the region. We performed a large-scale simulation-based modeling of the epidemic spread over the networks related to three main motivations, i.e., work, study and occasional transfers to quantify the potential contribution of each category of travellers to the spread of the epidemic process. Our findings outline that the three networks are characterised by different weight dynamic growth rates and that the network “work” has a critical role in the diffusion phenomenon showing the greatest contribution to the epidemic spread.

The academic profession in Russia’s two capitals: The impact of 20 years of transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Sivak ◽  
Maria Yudkevich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Personal Strain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Russian Universities

This paper studies the dynamics of key characteristics of the academic profession in Russia based on the analysis of university faculty in the two largest cities in Russia – Moscow and St Petersburg. We use data on Russian university faculty from two large-scale comparative studies of the academic profession (‘The Carnegie Study’ carried out in 1992 in 14 countries, including Russia, and ‘The Changing Academic Profession Study’, 2007–2012, with 19 participating countries and which Russia joined in 2012) to look at how faculty’s characteristics and attitudes toward different aspects of their academic life changed over 20 years (1992–2011) such as faculty’s views on reasons to leave or to stay at a university, on university’s management and the role of faculty in decision making. Using the example of universities in the two largest Russian cities, we demonstrate that the high degree of overall centralization of governance in Russian universities barely changed in 20 years. Our paper provides comparisons of teaching/research preferences and views on statements concerning personal strain associated with work, academic career perspectives, etc., not only in Russian universities between the years 1992 and 2012, but also in Russia and other ‘Changing Academic Profession’ countries.

Research on Moving Target Monitoring Collaborative Simulation Technology Based on Multi-Channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 700-705
Author(s):  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Shang Guan Wei ◽  
Zhi Zhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Collaborative Simulation ◽  
Mobile Target ◽  
Target Monitoring ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
High Degree

Multi-channel Virtual reality simulation technology is a kind of simulation technology, which support the grand scene and high degree of immersion, has better visualization effect. In this paper, a moving target monitoring collaboratory simulation technology based on multi-channel is studied. Firstly, study the mathematical modeling foundation of Multi-Channel technology systematically, based on the mobile target spatial model and co-simulation technology, select the appropriate applications of multi-channel technology, building laboratory simulation platform and achieved a space-based six-degree of freedom simulation of multi-channel moving target monitoring simulation. The experiment has proved that in multi-channel target monitoring co-simulation technology used in this paper has strong practicality, combine with a moving target-space model and co-simulation technology, the advantages of objective observation to solve the requirements like large-scale, realism, immersion requirements, etc.

Near-Realtime Server Reboot Monitoring and Root Cause Analysis in a Large-Scale System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Lin ◽  
Bhargav Bolla ◽  
Eric Pinkham ◽  
Neil Kodner ◽  
Daniel Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Large Scale System ◽  
Root Cause

Landscape analysis through pictorial transects in degraded lands.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Campos ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jesús D. Peco ◽  
Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Good Characterization ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
High Degree

<p>Understanding the dynamics of plant populations and their relationship with the characteristics of the terrain (slope, texture, etc.) and with particular phenomena (erosion, pollution, environmental constrains, etc.) that could affect them is crucial in order to manage regeneration and rehabilitation projects in degraded lands. In recent years, the emphasis has been placed on the observation and assessment of microtopographic drivers as they lead to large-scale phenomena. All the ecological variables that affect a given area are interconnected and the success in unraveling the ecological patterns of operation relies on making a good characterization of all the parameters involved.</p><p>It is especially interesting to study the natural colonization processes that take place in Mediterranean areas with a high degree of seasonality, to whose climatic restrictions, the presence of pollutants and various anthropic actions, can be added. Over these degraded areas, we propose using a new tool, what we have come to call "<strong>pictorial transects</strong>", that is, one-dimensional artificial transects built from low-scale photographs (2 m<sup>2</sup>) taken along a line of work (transect) where you can see the points where ecological resources are generated, stored and lost, and their fluctuation throughout time. A derivative of these would be the "<strong>green transects</strong>" in which the green color has been discriminated using the open software Image I. It is an inexpensive, fast and straightforward pictorial method that can be used to research and monitor the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the potential input of resources (organic matter, water, fine particles, etc.) to the ecosystem.</p><p>The information obtained from pictorial transects not only refers to the measurement of the photosynthetic potential per unit area or the location of the critical points (generate, storage or sink of resources) but also makes it possible to monitor the specific composition of the plant cover. For an appropriate use of this methodology, the criteria to determine the direction and length of the different transects must be previously and carefully established according to the objectives proposed in the study. For example: a radial transect in a salty pond will give us information on the changes in the plant cover as we move away from the center and the salinity decreases. In the same pond, a transect parallel to the shore will give us information on those changes that occur in the vegetation that do not depend on the degree of salinity. There are some cases in which this method could be very useful, as in the natural colonization of a degraded mine site or to assess the progression area affected by allochthonous species or weeds in extensive crops.</p>

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