scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals Water quality assessments and metagenomic analysis of the polluted river Apatlaco, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Breton-Deval ◽  
Katy Juárez ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Flores ◽  
Rosario Vera-Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
The People ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze the water quality parameters and bacterial diversity and thereby understand the effect of water quality on the microbial population structure in the river. The following parameters: total coliforms, chemical oxygen demand, harness, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, and temperature were analyzing along 17 sampling points in the river. The worst levels of pollution were 510 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 7 mg/L nitrite, 45 mg/L nitrate, 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen, and 756 mg/L of total dissolved solids. Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed at 4 key points along the river (P1,P7,P10 and P17), the first point had clean water and the other points were polluted, as a result of this pollution, the structure of microbial communities along the river have changed. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most representative phyla with a relative abundance of 57 and 43% respectively for P1, 82 and 15% for P7, 69 and 27% for P10 and 87 and 10% for the last point P17. P1 is rich in microorganism such as Limnohabitans a planktonic bacterium very common in freshwater ecosystems. However, in P7, P10 and P17 are rich in opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter Arcobacter and Myroides that endangers the health of around 1.6 million people which live around the area. These results elucidate the influence of the pollution on the microbial community and the likely effects on the health of the people around.

scholarly journals Domestic wastewater treatment with household-scale constructed wetland system using water fern plant (Azolla pinnata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
A Magfhira ◽  
P Kinasih ◽  
D Salsabila ◽  
E Marchella ◽  
M F Fachrul
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze more deeply the management of the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater on a household scale. Domestic wastewater treatment with a constructed land system using Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) is expected to reduce concentration parameters such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Ammonia. The growth rate of Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) after acclimatization is quite good so that it can reduce BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Ammonia, which are a source of nutrients for plant growth so that it can be used as a promising material for plant growth. It can be used as a promising material for plant growth domestic wastewater treatment. The analysis was carried out using the blended concept, a combination of virtual, online, and laboratory/field activities (offline/outside the network) while still paying attention to health protocols. The priority of this literature study research is to provide input for the government in the form of alternative solutions for managing the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding domestic wastewater treatment on a household scale. In addition, this research also supports the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program: Goal 6: Access to Clean Water and Sanitation” in point 3, namely “Improving water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal, and minimizing the disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”. This research can contribute to appropriate technology in environmental biotechnology, namely wastewater treatment with a system that has simple technology, low cost, energy-saving and is environmentally friendly, which can create a level of hygiene and comfort for the community and maintain environmental sustainability future.

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BAH BIAK KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Ewin Handoco
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

High community activity on the border of the Bah Biak River causes pollution in the waters of the river. The increase in the number of settlements and industries in Pematangsiantar city certainly has an impact on the quality of its waters. The purpose of this study is to find out the water quality of the Bah Biak River in Pematangsiantar City covering the physical and chemical parameters of the waters. This research was conducted in 2021 in Bah Biak River Pematangsiantar city. Water sampling in the Bah Biak River is carried out with three repetitions, namely in March, June and August taking into account the representation of the seasons. Water sampling is carried out in situ for parameters of brightness, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical delivery, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, while for laboratory scale measurements are carried out for biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters. The results of the measurement will be displayed in graphic form and descriptively discussed by referring to the specified quality standards. Based on the results of measurements of several water quality parameters in the Bah Biak River, it can be concluded that the majority of the parameters studied still meet the quality standards but there are parameters that have passed the quality standard threshold, namely BOD and ammonia parameters.   ABSTRAK Tingginya aktivitas masyarakat di sempadan Sungai Bah Biak menyebabkan pencemaran di perairan sungai tersebut. Peningkatan jumlah pemukiman dan industri di Kota Pematangsiantar tentu berdampak kepada kualitas perairannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai Bah Biak di Kota Pematangsiantar meliputi parameter fisik dan kimia perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2021 di Sungai Bah Biak Kota Pematangsiantar. Pengambilan sampel air di Sungai Bah Biak dilakukan dengan tiga kali pengulangan yaitu pada bulan Maret, Juni dan Agustus dengan mempertimbangkan keterwakilan musim. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan secara insitu untuk parameter kecerahan, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), daya hantar listrik, suhu dan dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, sedangkan untuk pengukuran skala laboratorium dilakukan untuk parameter biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) dan chemical oxygen demand(COD). Hasil pengukuran akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dan dibahas seacara deskriptif dengan merujuk pada baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran beberapa parameter kualitas air di Sungai Bah Biak maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas parameter yang diteliti masih memenuhi baku mutu namun terdapat parameter yang telah melewati ambang baku mutu yaitu parameter BOD dan ammonia. Kata Kunci: kualitas air, aktivitas masyarakat, pencemaran, baku mutu, Sungai Bah Biak

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR PADA SUMBER MATA AIR DI KECAMATAN KARANGAN DAN KALIORANG KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Iin Sumbada Sulistyorini ◽  
Muli Edwin ◽  
Adriana Sampe Arung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The Third

The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality based on some parameters of physical, chemical and biological properties of the three springs. One location site in the district of Kaliorang and then two location site in the District of Karangan. Landscape characteristics in the two districts almost equal in the hills with a small incision. Likewise, the third location of water sources is a hilly area of karst (limestone). Karst landscapes not only provide material goods, biodiversity, but also providers of ecosystem services such as clean water, the water regulator and the potential of the upper and lower surfaces such as caves. The results showed that the physical quality of water from the three water sources meet the quality standards required. From the results of laboratory testing, chemical water quality at three locations contain BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is relatively high. The high value of BOD and COD indicated that the water conditions have polluted by the accumulation of organic materials, especially the litter of the forest vegetation. Furthermore, for total coliform and fecal coliform although the amount is below the threshold quality standards required, but its existence in the water indicates the contamination of water sources by sewage as from agricultural run-off, animal feces containing the bacteria, viruses, or disease-causing organisms more, Based on the designated class of water, the springs at the third location is very suitable for use as irrigation, facilities or infrastructure freshwater fish farming, recreation, and other designation that requires the same quality standards. As for the water designation for drinking water must through the processing or specific treatment.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air berdasarkan beberapa parameter fisik, kimia dan biologi dari tiga sumber mata air, yaitu satu lokasi di kecamatan Kaliorang dan dua lokasi di Kecamatan Karangan.Karakteristik bentang alam di dua kecamatan hampir sama, yaitu merupakan perbukitan dengan torehan kecil. Begitu juga ketiga lokasi sumber air merupakan kawasan perbukitan Karst (Batu kapur). Bentang lahan Karst bukan hanya menyediakan bahan-bahan material, keanekaragaman hayati, tetapi juga penyedia jasa ekosistem seperti air bersih, pengatur tata air dan potensi atas dan bawah permukaan seperti gua-gua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas fisik air dari ketiga sumber air memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Dari hasil pengujian laboratorium, kualitas kimia air di tiga lokasi memiliki kandungan BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)  dan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yang relatif tinggi. Tingginya nilai BOD dan COD mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebutt dalam kondisi tercemar oleh akumulasi bahan organik terutama seresah dari vegetasi hutan diatasnya. Selanjutnya untukTotal coliform dan Fecal coliform walaupun jumlahnya di bawah ambang batas baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan, namun keberadaaannya di dalam air menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi sumber mata air oleh limbah seperti dari limpasan pertanian, kotoran hewan yang mengandung bakteri, virus, dan atau organisme penyebab penyakit lainnya. Berdasarkan kelas peruntukkan air, sumber air di ketiga lokasi sangat sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai irigasi, sarana atau prasarana budidaya ikan air tawar, rekreasi, dan peruntukkan lainnya yang mempersyaratkan baku mutu yang sama. Sedangkan untuk peruntukkan air sebagai bahan baku air minum terlebih dahulu harus melalui pengolahan atau treatment tertentu.

Analysis of trends in water quality: constructed wetlands in metropolitan Taipei

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2143-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-Y. Cheng ◽  
T.-C. Liu ◽  
G.-S. Shyu ◽  
T.-K. Chang ◽  
W.-T. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Mann Kendall Test ◽  
Improve Water Quality

Meandering through the most densely populated metropolitan areas of Taipei, Taiwan, the Danshui River and its tributaries have undergone the construction of 14 wetlands since 2004, as a means to improve water quality. This study was conducted to examine the functional capabilities associated with treating non-point source pollution through these riparian wetlands. Trend analysis was used to differentiate dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia, and Escherichia coli, among 13 sampling sites using both functions of a Mann–Kendall test and a seasonal Mann–Kendall test. The results show that water quality in Taipei metropolitan rivers has been improving since increasing the number of constructed wetlands and connecting households to the public sewage system. The concentration of pollutants such as those influencing biochemical oxygen demand have gradually declined in drought seasons because riparian wetlands contribute a base flow to dilute riverine pollutants. This paper indicates that the creation of treatment systems influences dissolved oxygen conditions at the municipal scale, suggesting that constructed wetlands could stabilize water quality during extreme hydrological events and improve water quality particularly in times of drought.

scholarly journals The influence of a dam reservoir on water quality in a small lowland river

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dębska ◽  
Beata Rutkowska ◽  
Wiesław Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Significant Contamination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogenic Compounds ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper presents the effects of the dam reservoir in Komorów on the water quality in the Utrata river. The implementation of the adopted objective involved a comparison of water quality at two points, above and below the reservoir. The Utrata River is polluted with biogenic compounds throughout the whole section studied. COD content also indicates significant contamination exceeding permissible limits. A positive effect of the reservoir on water quality in the river was also observed in terms of the content of dissolved oxygen, with concentration increasing below the reservoir. The reservoir had a positive effect on reducing the concentration of total phosphorus in the water. Water in the Utrata below the reservoir showed higher values of chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) than above the reservoir. There were no differences in the concentration of NH4+ and NO3- ions in the water before and after the reservoir.

scholarly journals Preliminary Water and Sediment Quality Assessment of the Meycauayan River Segment of the Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando River System in Bulacan, the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 200609
Author(s):  
John Vincent R. Pleto ◽  
Veronica P. Migo ◽  
Mark Dondi M. Arboleda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

Background. The Meycauayan River is considered one of the most severely polluted rivers in the Philippines due to heavy metal and organic pollution that has caused environmental degradation. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to provide insight on the current status of the Meycauayan River and outline an appropriate strategy to solve problems of organic and heavy metal contamination. Methods. The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water and sediments were analyzed and evaluated based on available local and international standards. Three sites (upstream, midstream and downstream) of the river were considered for the evaluation of water and sediment quality. Results. Dissolved oxygen, measured in the morning, was very low at the upstream sampling station (1.87 ppm) and even lower at the downstream site (0.49 ppm). The temperature for the three sites ranged from 28.03°C (upstream) to 30.75°C (downstream). Visual inspection indicated that the color of the water was gray upstream and midstream, and black at the downstream station. Biochemical oxygen demand exceeded the recommended limits of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) of 7.0 ppm with values of 13.22 ppm (upstream) and 12.02 ppm (downstream). Chemical oxygen demand exceeded the limit of 20 ppm at the downstream site at 84 ppm. Dissolved oxygen did not reach the recommended limit of 5.0 ppm of the DENR. There was a high coliform count at both the upstream (3.5 × 104 colony-forming unit (cfu)/ml) and downstream (2.5 × 104) sites, which exceeded the limit of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) of 126 cfu/100 ml. Heavy metals such lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) exceeded the severe effect level of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which could be detrimental to humans and aquatic life. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences (p <0.001) in pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrates and phosphates for water quality and Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn and Cr for sediment quality across the study sites. Conclusions. The results of the present study indicate that the downstream site was more polluted, possibly due to the accumulation of pollutants coming from the upstream site. The deterioration of the Meycauayan River is a result of rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth. Examination of the water quality of the Meycauayan River indicates that it is very polluted and requires an immediate solution. The results of the present study should be used as a basis for crafting strategies to rehabilitate the Meycauayan River. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. This study was funded by Pure Earth.

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