scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients in Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kutsevalova ◽  
Yu.Yu. Kozel ◽  
D.A. Rozenko ◽  
D.V. Martynov ◽  
O.V. Korshunkova
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective. To evaluate resistance rates to carbapenems and III–IV generation cephalosporins among gramnegative bacteria, including production of carbapenemases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Materials and Methods. A total of 460 gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients aged 1 to 85 years from 8 medical institutions of Rostov-on-Don and the region from April 2018 to December 2019 were tested by conventional microbiological methods. The most common acquired carbapenemases genes were determined by real-time PCR using commercial kits (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russia). Results. The tested isolates included 180 (39.1%) isolates of K. pneumoniae, 87 (18.9%) – E. coli, 101 (22.0%) – A. baumannii and 92 (20.0%) – P. aeruginosa. K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates exhibited the high resistance rates to cefotaxime – 96.7% and 71.2%, to ceftazidime – 95.5% and 54.0%, and to cefepime – 95.5% and 54.0%, respectively. ESBL production was detected in 35.0% and 78.2% of K. pneumoniae and E.coli isolates, respectively. K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were resistant to imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem: 57.8% and 3.4%; 55.0% and 2.3%; 60.0% and 4.6%, respectively. Carbapenemase production was detected in 27.8% of K. pneumoniae and 4.6% of E. coli isolates. The most common beta-lactamases were metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM) and serine carbapenemases (OXA-48). A. baumannii isolates showed the high resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem (87.1% and 85.1%). The most common beta-lactamases were metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM) and serine carbapenemases (OXA-24⁄40 and OXA-23). P. aeruginosa isolates also showed the high resistance to carbapenems – imipenem (61.9%) and meropenem (58.7%). The most common betalactamases were metallo-beta-lactamases (VIM) and GES-5. Conclusions. The results of this microbiological study indicate the extremely high prevalence of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in different infections. A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates being resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are particularly dangerous, especially due to production of ESBL and carbapenemases. The most clinically important are OXA and NDM beta-lactamases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance profile of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, adenosine-monophosphate-cyclic, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 3099-3104
Author(s):  
Jôiciglecia Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Valesca Ferreira Machado de Souza ◽  
Marcos Wilker da Conceição Santos ◽  
Juliany Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Natilene Silva dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Chromogenic Agar

Background and Aim: The production of beta-lactamase enzymes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), adenosine-monophosphate-cyclic (AmpC), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), is one of the most important mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Gram-negative bacteria show significant resistance due to various intrinsic and acquired factors. These intrinsic factors include low permeability of the outer membrane, various efflux systems, and the production of beta-lactamases, while acquired factors include chromosomal mutation and acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal transfer. Mobile elements such as plasmids, integrative conjugative elements, mobilizable islands, or transposable elements are involved in horizontal transfer. At present, the Gram-negative pathogens of most concern are Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family (e.g., Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis). This study aimed to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance and the production of the enzymes ESBL, AmpC, and KPC, in 21 gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals treated at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB). Materials and Methods: The biological samples (21) were inoculated to brain heart infusion broth, blood agar, and MacConkey agar and incubated for 24-72 h at 37°C. Gram staining and identification through biochemical tests and matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were conducted. To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile, the disk diffusion method was used, and 25 antibiotics were employed. For the detection of ESBL, the disk approximation method was applied using chromogenic agar. The presence of KPC was observed using chromogenic agar and the Hodge test. For AmpC evaluation, the disk approximation method was used. Results: The most isolated agent was E. coli (66.66%, 14/21), followed by K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis (both 14.29%, 3/21), and then Pasteurella spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The bacterial isolates showed high levels of resistance against clindamycin, penicillin, imipenem, polymyxin, cefoxitin, gentamycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The best effectiveness rates were observed for cefepime, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, nalidixic acid, tobramycin, levofloxacin, amikacin, and meropenem. All biological isolates showed multiple resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested (3/25), and some showed resistance to 24 of the antibiotics tested (24/25). Among the 21 pathogens analyzed, 8 were ESBL producers (38.09%); of these, 6 were identified as E. coli (28.57%), and 2 were identified as K. pneumoniae (9.52%). Two strains of K. pneumoniae produced both ESBL and KPC. None of the isolates were producers of AmpC. Conclusion: The results found in the present work raise concern about the level of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens isolated from domestic animals in Brazil. The results highlight the need for the development and implementation of anti-resistance strategies to avoid the dissemination of multiresistant pathogens, including the prudent use of antimicrobials and the implementation of bacterial culture, antimicrobial sensitivity, and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria isolated from animals.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Pattern of Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Blood Samples in Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis from Southern Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Paola Di Carlo ◽  
Nicola Serra ◽  
Sofia Lo Sauro ◽  
Vincenza Maria Carelli ◽  
Maurizio Giarratana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Blood culturing remains the mainstream tool to inform an appropriate treatment in hospital-acquired bloodstream infections and to diagnose any bacteremia. Methods: A retrospective investigation on the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and their resistance in hospitalized patients by age, sex, and units from blood cultures (BCs) was conducted from January 2018 to April 2020 at Sant’Elia hospital, Caltanissetta, southern Italy. We divided the patient age range into four equal intervals. Results: Multivariate demographic and microbiological variables did not show an association between bacteria distributions and gender and age. The distribution by units showed a higher prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care unit (ICU) and Escherichia coli in the non-intensive care units (non-ICUs). The analysis of antibiotic resistance showed that E. coli was susceptible to a large class of antibiotics such as carbapenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. K. pneumoniae showed a significant susceptibility to colistin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. From the survival analysis, patients with E. coli had a higher survival rate. Conclusions: The authors stress the importance of the implementation of large community-level programs to prevent E. coli bacteremia. K. pneumoniae and E. coli susceptibility patterns to antibiotics, including in the prescription patterns of general practitioners, suggest that the local surveillance and implementation of educational programs remain essential measures to slow down the spread of resistance and, consequently, increase the antibiotic lifespan.

scholarly journals Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against commonly encountered antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
George F Araj ◽  
Dana M Berjawi ◽  
Umayya Musharrafieh ◽  
Nancy K El Beayni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
In Vitro Data

Introduction: In view of the continuous rise in Gram-negative bacterial resistance and limited treatment options, Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is a newly introduced antimicrobial agent in Lebanon for its demonstrated activity against resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, in vitro data is not available about its activity against commonly isolated bacteria in this country. Methodology: The analysis included clinical isolates, multidrug–resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs), representing 124 Escherichia coli, 75 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, identified using the MALDI-TOF. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C/T was determined by the Etest (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy). In addition, the disk diffusion (DD) test was used to determine the activity of C/T and of the antimicrobials routinely used to test for such pathogens. Results: The C/T activity against the ESBL producers E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were similar (MIC90 value of 1 and 1.5 µg/mL, respectively; susceptibility of 100% and 96%, respectively). However, the activity of C/T against the E. coli and K. pneumoniae MDR isolates was much lower (MIC90 value of 256 and 96 µg/mL, respectively; susceptibility of 54% for each). The C/T MIC90 value for the non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolates was 3 µg/mL and ≥ 256 µg/mL for the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates (susceptibility of 96% vs 42% respectively). Overall, the C/T activities show comparable or higher susceptibility to the routinely used antimicrobials. Conclusion: The high in vitro activity of C/T points out its value as a possible alternative to the antimicrobials currently used for treatment of infections caused by such pathogens and would help in minimizing toxicity and bacterial resistance.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

Structure-Activity Relationship and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Phenylpyrazole Curcumin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Heli Sanghvi ◽  
Satyendra Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Electron Donating Groups ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: Curcumin, one of the most important pharmacologically significant natural products, has gained significant consideration among scientists for decades since its multipharmacological activities. 1, 3-Dicarbonyl moiety of curcumin was found to be accountable for the rapid degradation of curcumin molecule. The aim of present work is to replace 1, 3-dicarbonyl moiety of curcumin by pyrazole and phenylpyrazole derivatives with a view to improving its stability and to investigate the role of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin on its antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: Pyrazole derivatives of curcumin were prepared by heating curcumin with phenyhydrazine/ substituted phenyhydrazine derivatives in AcOH. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Structures of purified compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity by the microdilution broth susceptibility test method against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli). Results: Effects of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin derivatives against S. aureus and E. coli were studied. The most active N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole) curcumin (12) exhibits twenty-fold more potency against S. aureus (MIC: 10μg/mL)) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) fivefold more potency against E. coli (MIC; 50 μg/mL) than N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Whereas, a remarkable decline in anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was observed when electron donating groups were incorporated in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Comparative studies of synthesized compounds suggest the effects of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on unsubstituted phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Conclusion: The structure-activity relationship (SAR) results indicated that the electron withdrawing and electron donating at N-phenylpyrazole curcumin played key roles for their bacterial inhibitory effects. The results of the antibacterial evaluation showed that the synthesized pyrazole derivatives of curcumin displayed moderate to very high activity in S. aureus. In conclusion, the series of novel curcumin derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. Among them, N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole curcumin; 12) was most active against S. aureus (Gram-positive) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) against E. coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Clonal Clusters, Molecular Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Wounds in Ghana

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Denise Dekker ◽  
Frederik Pankok ◽  
Thorsten Thye ◽  
Stefan Taudien ◽  
Kwabena Oppong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Wound infections are common medical problems in sub-Saharan Africa but data on the molecular epidemiology are rare. Within this study we assessed the clonal lineages, resistance genes and virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from Ghanaian patients with chronic wounds. From a previous study, 49 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 21 Klebsiellapneumoniae complex members and 12 Escherichia coli were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Sequence analysis indicated high clonal diversity with only nine P. aeruginosa clusters comprising two strains each and one E. coli cluster comprising three strains with high phylogenetic relationship suggesting nosocomial transmission. Acquired beta-lactamase genes were observed in some isolates next to a broad spectrum of additional genetic resistance determinants. Phenotypical expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity in the Enterobacterales was associated with blaCTX-M-15 genes, which are frequent in Ghana. Frequently recorded virulence genes comprised genes related to invasion and iron-uptake in E. coli, genes related to adherence, iron-uptake, secretion systems and antiphagocytosis in P. aeruginosa and genes related to adherence, biofilm formation, immune evasion, iron-uptake and secretion systems in K. pneumonia complex. In summary, the study provides a piece in the puzzle of the molecular epidemiology of Gram-negative bacteria in chronic wounds in rural Ghana.

scholarly journals Apomorphine Targets the Pleiotropic Bacterial Regulator Hfq

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Florian Turbant ◽  
David Partouche ◽  
Omar El Hamoui ◽  
Sylvain Trépout ◽  
Théa Legoubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
E Coli

Hfq is a bacterial regulator with key roles in gene expression. The protein notably regulates translation efficiency and RNA decay in Gram-negative bacteria, thanks to its binding to small regulatory noncoding RNAs. This property is of primary importance for bacterial adaptation and survival in hosts. Small RNAs and Hfq are, for instance, involved in the response to antibiotics. Previous work has shown that the E. coli Hfq C-terminal region (Hfq-CTR) self-assembles into an amyloid structure. It was also demonstrated that the green tea compound EpiGallo Catechin Gallate (EGCG) binds to Hfq-CTR amyloid fibrils and remodels them into nonamyloid structures. Thus, compounds that target the amyloid region of Hfq may be used as antibacterial agents. Here, we show that another compound that inhibits amyloid formation, apomorphine, may also serve as a new antibacterial. Our results provide an alternative in order to repurpose apomorphine, commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, as an antibiotic to block bacterial adaptation to treat infections.

#43: Monotherapy Experience in Pediatric Patients with High-risk Febrile Neutropenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S19-S19
Author(s):  
Valentina Gutiérrez ◽  
Ximena Claverie
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Clinical Worsening

Abstract Background Fever during neutropenia is a common occurrence in children with cancer. In a systematic review of RCTs of pediatric febrile neutropenia, compared monotherapy with aminoglycoside-containing combination therapy found no significant differences in failure rates, infection-related mortality, or overall mortality. The updated pediatric-specific guidelines recommend initiation of empirical antibiotic monotherapy using an antipseudomonal β-lactam, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, or a carbapenem for pediatric high-risk febrile neutropenia. However, local epidemiology and resistance patterns should be evaluated regularly. Our local hospital epidemiology does not have Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, therefore, we used ceftriaxone as monotherapy in patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia without other risk factors. The goal of our investigation is to describe the experience of using third-generation cephalosporins in these patients. Methods Descriptive study of high-risk febrile neutropenia episodes in patients admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile. We included patients ≤15 years from June 2016 until November 2019. Results We found a total of 133 high-risk febrile neutropenia episodes corresponding to 50 patients, 78% were leukemia and 22% were solid tumor patients. Of the 133 episodes, 92 (69%) had clinical signs at admission, mostly respiratory in 46 (50%) of the cases, 18 (29%) had mucositis and 13 (14%) had diarrhea. Of 133 episodes, 41 (31%) did not have any source at clinical examination. Eighty-six (65%) cases started ceftriaxone at admission, 28 (33%) maintained ceftriaxone for 7 days of treatment with good clinical response. Of this group 58 (67%) patients changed treatment: 32 (37%) cases started second-line antibiotics for clinical worsening, 19 (22%) cases required second- and third-line antibiotics for persistent fever and clinical worsening, and 7 (8%) received third-line antibiotics from the start for past microbiological history. Sixteen (12%) cases of total evolved with sepsis requiring intensive care unit management. We had 30 (23%) episodes with positive blood culture, 11 (37%) due to gram-positive bacteria, 16 (53%) gram-negative bacteria, and 3 (10%) cases of fungal infections. Of the gram-negative bacteria, 7 (44%) were ESBL producers, without P. aeruginosa isolates. One case died (0.7%) for refractory sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion Although we did not have P. aeruginosa isolates, due to the spread of ESBL strains, monotherapy with ceftriaxone is not a good option as initial therapy for high-risk febrile neutropenia patients. The empiric therapy has to be evaluated regularly and should always be based on local epidemiology.

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