BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS IN RESIDUAL LIMB FORMATION AFTER AMPUTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586
Author(s):  
Viktor I. Shevchuk ◽  
Yurii O. Bezsmertnyi ◽  
Halyna V. Bezsmertna ◽  
Tetyana V. Dovgalyuk ◽  
Yankai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

The aim: To study the influence of biomechanical factors on the character of morphological disorders in the process of reparative regeneration at the end of the residual limb after amputation. Materials and methods: 10 series of experiments on 144 rabbits were conducted. We used myodesis with normal, insufficient and excessive muscle tension, their electrical stimulation, tight and leaky closure of the bone marrow canal. Terms of observation 1, 3, 6 months. The method of research – histological with the filling of vessels with inkgelatin mixture. Results: Dense closure of the meduallary cavity and uniform muscle tension during plasty in the first three series of experiments allow to obtain a cylindrical residual limb with preservation of the cortical diaphyseal plate, formation of the bone closing plate, normalization of intraosseous microcirculation, completion of the reparative process. In the majority of observations of the IV-X series there was a reparative regeneration disorder connected with the incorrect tension of muscles and the absence of normalization of intraosseous circulation, the reparative process was not observed to be complete, which led to the pathological reorganization of bone tissue with the formation of stumps of various shapes. Conclusions: Uneven muscle tension and lack of closure of the intramedually canal except for microcirculation disorders leads to increased periosteum bone formation, formation of periosteum cartilage exostases, clavate stumps, resorption and fractures of the cortical diaphyseal plate with curvature and stump axis disorders, formation of a conical stump.

scholarly journals Changes in the structural organization of bone after amputation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Ivanovych Shevchuk ◽  
Yurii Oleksiiovych Bezsmertnyi ◽  
Halyna Viktorivna Vezsmertna ◽  
Tetyana Viktorivna Dovgalyuk ◽  
Yankai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Bone Plate ◽  
Tight Closure ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
Bone Marrow Cavity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Introduction: Despite a considerable amount of work on limb amputations, questions of the mechanism and conditions for the occurrence of pathological rearrangement in the bone stump and ways to prevent it remain unexplored. Aim: To study the nature of changes in the structural organization of bone stump after amputation. Material and methods: Nine series of experiments were conducted on 129 rabbits with amputation of the thigh and closure of the filing with fascia, muscles with varying degrees of tension and a bone plate. Duration of observation is 1, 3, and 6 months. The research method is histological with a filling of blood vessels with a mascara-gelatin mixture. Results and discussion: Tight closure of the bone marrow cavity and uniform muscle tension during plastic surgery in the I–III series of experiments make it possible to obtain cylindrical stumps with the formation of a bone closure plate and the completion of the reparative process. In the majority of observations of the IV–IX series, significant violations of the structural organization of the bone occurred in the form of conical, club-shaped, swollen stumps, creeping fractures. Conclusions: The rapid completion of the reparative process and the normalization of intraosseous circulation with a locking bone plate, while maintaining normal bone marrow tissue, is possible only with a dense closure of the filing. The lack of tight closure of the bone marrow canal and uneven muscle tension cause a violation of regeneration with changes in the structural organization of the bone. These changes are manifested by a thickening of the bone diameter, axis curvature, creeping fractures.

scholarly journals Bone stump formation against the background of post-amputation pain syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Oleksiiovych Bezsmertnyi ◽  
Viktor Ivanovych Shevchuk ◽  
Yankai Jiang ◽  
Halyna Victorіvna Bezsmertna ◽  
Oleksandr Yuriiovych Bezsmertnyi
Keyword(s):  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
In Series ◽  
Perineural Catheter ◽  
Microcirculatory Disturbances ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Bone is the basis of the stump. Aim: To study the impact of post-amputation pain syndrome on the nature of reparative processes in the bone residual limb. Material and methods: Three series of experiments were performed on 45 rabbits, 15 in each with mid-third thigh amputation and muscular plasty. In series 1, 2, a perineural catheter was attached to the sciatic nerve stump during amputation, and mechanical irritation of the nerve was performed daily for 20 minutes in series 1 for 20 days. In series 2, 0.3 mL of lidocaine (1%) was injected through the catheter into the circumference of the nerve twice daily for 20 days. Series 3 is a control. The follow-up periods were 1, 3, 6 months. The study method was histological with infusion of the vessels with ink-gelatin mixture. Results and discussion: In series 1, there was a sharp disturbance of the reparative process, which consisted in shape changes, resorption of the cortical diaphyseal plate, fractures, stump deformity, absence of bone closure plate formation, and microcirculatory disturbances. In the overall majority of experiments of series 2, the stumps retained the shape and structure characteristic of diaphysis with normalization of microcirculation. In series 3, the results of the residual limb formation were better than in series1, but worse than in series 2. Conclusions: When the pain syndrome is resolved within 20 days after amputation, a bone stump is formed with an organotypic shape and structure characteristic of the diaphysis, the formation of a compact closure plate of mature bone tissue, normalization of the medullary tissues and blood circulation. In post-amputation pain syndrome, organotypic formation of the residual limb does not occur.

scholarly journals ON THE ORIGIN OF OSTEOCHONDRAL EXOSTOSES AT THE END OF THE BONE STUMP

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
V. I. Shevchuk ◽  
Yu. O. Bezsmertnyi ◽  
H. V. Bezsmertna ◽  
L. O. Kylymniuk ◽  
K. P. Postovitenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Reparative Osteogenesis ◽  
Amputation Stump ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Stimulation Of

To study the features of the formation of osteochondral exostoses on the lateral surface of the amputation stump of the bone. There were 8 series of experiments performed on 116 dogs, which had the amputation of the thigh with the subsequent plasty by myodesis, myodesis with different degrees of muscle tension, osteoplasty, fascio- and myoplasty, as well as myodesis, which in the postoperative period was accompanied by the electrical stimulation of the muscles. The observation periods included – 1, 3, 8 months. In the postoperative period the muscle tone of all animals was daily measured. The method of investigation was histological with filling of the vessels with ink-gelatin mixture. Totally 36 exostoses were studied. The vast majority of them arose after fascio- and myoplastic amputation and myodesis with the excessive muscle tension. The causes of the appearance of exostoses were the excessive tension of the muscles created during the plastic surgery, and their contracture contractions in the postoperative period. There was a resorption of the cortical diaphyseal plate along the inner and outer surfaces, intraosseous circulation and reparative osteogenesis were disrupted.

scholarly journals Topical co‐administration of zoledronate with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 can induce and maintain bone formation in the bone marrow environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ueyama ◽  
Yoichi Ohta ◽  
Yuuki Imai ◽  
Akinobu Suzuki ◽  
Ryo Sugama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur

Abstract Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteogenesis in various environments. However, when BMPs are used alone in the bone marrow environment, the maintenance of new bone formation is difficult owing to vigorous bone resorption. This is because BMPs stimulate the differentiation of not only osteoblast precursor cells but also osteoclast precursor cells. The present study aimed to induce and maintain new bone formation using the topical co-administration of recombinant human BMP-2 (rh-BMP-2) and zoledronate (ZOL) on beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite. Methods β-TCP columns were impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 (30 µg) and ZOL (5 µg), rh-BMP-2 alone, or ZOL alone, and implanted into the left femur canal of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 56). The implanted β-TCP columns were harvested and evaluated at 3 and 6 weeks after implantation. These harvested β-TCP columns were evaluated radiologically using plane radiograph, and histologically using haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining. In addition, micro-computed tomography (CT) was performed for qualitative analysis of bone formation in each group (n = 7). Results Tissue sections stained with H&E and MT dyes revealed that new bone formation inside the β-TCP composite was significantly greater in those impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL than in those from the other experimental groups at 3 and 6 weeks after implantations (p < 0.05). Micro-CT data also demonstrated that the bone volume and the bone mineral density inside the β-TCP columns were significantly greater in those impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL than in those from the other experimental groups at 3 and 6 weeks after implantations (p < 0.05). Conclusions The topical co-administration of both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL on β-TCP composite promoted and maintained newly formed bone structure in the bone marrow environment.

scholarly journals Circular RNA AFF4 modulates osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs by activating SMAD1/5 pathway through miR-135a-5p/FNDC5/Irisin axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
An-Song Liu ◽  
Da Zhong ◽  
Cheng-Gong Wang ◽  
Mi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Integrin Αv

AbstractBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), the common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, have been recognized as the key mediator during bone formation. Herein, our study aim to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying circular RNA (circRNA) AFF4 (circ_AFF4)-regulated BM-MSCs osteogenesis. BM-MSCs were characterized by FACS, ARS, and ALP staining. Expression patterns of circ_AFF4, miR-135a-5p, FNDC5/Irisin, SMAD1/5, and osteogenesis markers, including ALP, BMP4, RUNX2, Spp1, and Colla1 were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, or immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Interactions between circ_AFF4 and miR-135a-5p, FNDC5, and miR-135a-5p were analyzed using web tools including TargetScan, miRanda, and miRDB, and further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down. Complex formation between Irisin and Integrin αV was verified by Co-immunoprecipitation. To further verify the functional role of circ_AFF4 in vivo during bone formation, we conducted animal experiments harboring circ_AFF4 knockdown, and born samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. Circ_AFF4 was upregulated upon osteogenic differentiation induction in BM-MSCs, and miR-135a-5p expression declined as differentiation proceeds. Circ_AFF4 knockdown significantly inhibited osteogenesis potential in BM-MSCs. Circ_AFF4 stimulated FNDC5/Irisin expression through complementary binding to its downstream target molecule miR-135a-5p. Irisin formed an intermolecular complex with Integrin αV and activated the SMAD1/5 pathway during osteogenic differentiation. Our work revealed that circ_AFF4, acting as a sponge of miR-135a-5p, triggers the promotion of FNDC5/Irisin via activating the SMAD1/5 pathway to induce osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs. These findings gained a deeper insight into the circRNA-miRNA regulatory system in the bone marrow microenvironment and may improve our understanding of bone formation-related diseases at physiological and pathological levels.

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