scholarly journals Evaluation of Shatt Al-Arab River Using Organic Pollution Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nada M. Al-Baghdadi ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Abdullah ◽  
Entisar N. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
The Third

The current study has evaluated Shatt Al-Arab water using organic pollution index. The study included three stations, the first Al-Sharash, the second Al-Salhiya and the third area Al-Dweab. Water samples were monthly collected from December 2017 to November 2018. Five environmental parameters were used to calculate the organic pollution index (OPI) including Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Active nitrate (NO3), Ammonium ion (NH4) and Total Phosphate (TP). The highest biological oxygen demand was 9 mg.l-1 at Al-Sharash station in July and the lowest values 1mg.l-1 in the Al- Dweab station during December, January, February and April. The highest chemical oxygen demand (250 mg.l-1 was recorded at Al-Sharash station in September and the lowest value was 6.2 mg.l-1 in Al-Dweab station during December. Nitrates was recorded the highest value 41.51 mg nitrogen-nitrate.l-1 at Al-Salhiya station in May and lowest value 1.49 mg nitrogen- nitrate.l-1 at Al-Sharash station during December. The ammonium ion was recorded in highest value 7.7 mg.l-1 at Al- Salhiya station in December and the lowest value 0.5 mg. l-1 at Al-Sharash station during June, while phosphate value was 0.23 and 1.99 mg.l-1 were recorded at Al-Sharash station in August and July respectively. The highest value of organic pollution index was 2.56 at Al-Salihiya station in August and lowest value 0.69 in the Al-Dweab station in April, while the annual rate of organic pollution index for the first, second and third stations were 1.55, 1.81 and 1.47 respectively, and 1.61 for Shatt Al-Arab water.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR DAN BEBAN PENCEMARAN AIR PADA SUB DAS BOENTUKA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umbu A Hamakonda ◽  
Bambang Suharto ◽  
Liliya Dewi Susanawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
River Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
River Water Pollution

Rivers in the Boentuka Sub-watershed of Timor Tengah Selatan Regency have been shown to experience pollution caused by domestic and agricultural activities. This study aims to assess water quality and identify river water pollution loads based on water quality according to Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning water pollution management and control. The parameters analyzed were physical, chemical, and biological, the length of the river in the Boentuka Sub-watershed was 15km. The method of river water pollution index from upstream to downstream in 6 sampling points with test parameters such as the biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform and total coliform in the downstream has exceeded the criteria of class I water quality standards according to PP No. 82 of 2001. Pollution index of 1.11 to 4.62. This shows that the quality of river water has been polluted with mild pollution status. While the pollution load of domestic waste dumped into the river is on the biological oxygen demand parameter of 6297,584 kg / day and chemical oxygen demand of 7871.98 kg / day, fecal coliform pollution load of 458.0108 MPN / day and totalcoli 1210.121 MPN / day

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis from kraft mill wastewaters: biomass origin and C:N relationship influence

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pozo ◽  
A. C. Villamar ◽  
M. Martínez ◽  
G. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Relationship Of

The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of PHA biosynthesis from kraft mill effluent using the batch system evaluating the biomass origin and C:N relationship influence. To evaluate feasibility, batch assays were carried out. Also, two levels of the BOD5:N:P relationship (100:5:1 and 100:1:0.2) and three different sludge origins were considered. Inocula were obtained from activated sludge treatment plants for a) sewage (SAS), b) paper mill (PAS) and c) kraft (KAS). The results show that the maximum Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was 80.5% and 59.7% respectively using KAS as inoculum. In these assays, kinetics constants were 17.9±3.2 mg L−1 and 46.5±1.2 d−1 for (KCOD) and (rmax), respectively under a BOD5:N:P relationship of 100:5:1. The maximum PHA accumulation was obtained under a BOD5:N:P relationship of 100:1:0.2 on the third day of batch assays using PAS sludge with 25.72% of the cells accumulating PHA and on the fifth day in batch using SAS and KAS sludge with 25.85% and 30.40% of cells accumulating PHA, respectively. Yields obtained for the 100:1:0.2 relationships ranged from 0.10–0.14 mg PHA mg−1 COD.

scholarly journals Assessing the Organic Pollution and Aquaculture Activity of Surface water at Shatt-Al-Arab Estuary Southern of Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Makia M. Al-Hejuje ◽  
Prof. Hamid Talib Al-Saad ◽  
Najah A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
Tide Period ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Minimum Operator

Surface water samples were collected monthly from December, 2012 to November, 2013 at the middle part of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary at Basrah city during the low tide period to assess the organic pollution status using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI), and the aquaculture activities using Minimum Operator Concept (MOC). Results of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium, nitrite and orthophosphate were used to calculate OPI, while dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphate and turbidity were used to calculate MOC. Results showed that OPI values range from 4.5 - 4.75 referred to weak organic–non organic pollution status. On the other hand, the water of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary can be considered as medium–excellent water for aquaculture activity according to the MOC range (66.67 - 93.33). Keywords: Estuary, Surface water, Organic Pollution Index, Aquaculture activity, Minimum Operator Concept

scholarly journals The Effect of Floatable and Submerged Plants in Treating Drainage Waste Water in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Sayed Saffan, Gamal Abdel Naserkamel, Abeer Mohammed S
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Floating Plants ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The study compares the effect of floatable and submerged plants on waste water treatment water samples were collected before and after the presence of the studied plants; floating and submerged one. Anatomical studied of some aquatic plant illustrated pollution parts. Germination experiments were carried out on some crops. El-khairy drain locate in El-Behaira governorate with length of 22.4 Km the study was considered in a reach of 8 Km. in water samples were collected seasonally and analyzed for Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Nitrate, Cadmium, Lead, Cupper, Iron, ammonia, turbidity, total suspended solid and phosphate. All measured parameters were significantly decreased. compared the result of floating plants to that of submerged one illustrated that P-values of floating plants were more significant in Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Nitrate, Cadmium, Lead, Cupper and Iron where submerged plants were more significant in removing ammonia, turbidity, total suspended solid and phosphate. The anatomical change illustrated heavy deposit of pollutant in plant cells. Germination experiment show significant increase in germination percent in corn, rice, sesame and wheat from low (60, 51.2, 37.5 and 68.33) detected on drain water to high (61, 77.5,45 and 80) in water after pass on aquatic plans.

scholarly journals Treatment of real paracetamol wastewater by fenton process

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Dalgic ◽  
Ilter Turkdogan ◽  
Kaan Yetilmezsoy ◽  
Emel Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Amino Phenol

The study investigated the pretreatment of real paracetamol (PCT) wastewater of a pharmaceutical industry by Fenton process. At the best experimental conditions (COD/H2O2 = 1/1, Fe+2/H2O2 = 1/70, settling method:centrifuging, pH 6 at settling step), 92.7, 92.7, 95.5, 99.1, 99.9 and 99.4% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), PCT, para-amino phenol (PAP) and aniline were removed, respectively. Changes in the concentrations of these parameters were also investigated for both oxidation and settling steps of Fenton process. It was found that COD and TOC were removed at the settling step (precipitation) whereas PCT, PAP and aniline were removed at the oxidation step. Mass balance calculations were also studied to show the mass distributions of COD in different phases (gas + foam, effluent and sludge). Fenton process was found as an effective method for the pretreatment of real PCT wastewater for discharging in a determined collective treatment plant.

scholarly journals Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Jurnal Ecolab ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratnaningsih ◽  
◽  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Ernawita Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of the Borska Reka river using the WPI (Water Pollution Index) method

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milijasevic ◽  
Ana Milanovic ◽  
Jovana Brankov ◽  
M. Radovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basin Area

The Borska Reka river (47 km long, 373 km2 of basin area) is located in eastern Serbia and it is the biggest tributary of the river Veliki Timok. It is also one of the most polluted watercourses in Serbia. Using the data of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, the paper analyzes water pollution using the combined physical-chemical WPI index (water pollution index) over two periods: 1993-1996 and 2006-2009. The analysis of parameters showed significantly increased values of heavy metals (especially iron and manganese) which are indicators of inorganic pollution (primarily because of mining), but also increased values of organic pollution indicators (Biological Oxygen Demand-BOD5, ammonium, coliform germs), as the result of uncontrolled domestic wastewater discharge.

scholarly journals Stability analysis of a wastewater treatment plantwith saturated control

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grognard ◽  
O. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
State Space ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Input Flow ◽  
Saturated Control ◽  
Proportional Controller

This paper presents a saturated proportional controller that achieves depollution of wastewater in a continuous anaerobic digester. This goal is reached by defining a region of the state-space where the depollution is achieved and forcing attractivity and invariance of this region. The control variable is the dilution rate and the controlled variable is a linear combination (Sλ) of the substrates concentrations, that could be the chemical oxygen demand or the biological oxygen demand, depending on the value of λ. No measurement of the substrates concentrations in the input flow is required: the only necessary measurement is Sλ.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Near by Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Mishra ◽  
Vasishta Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbial Study

A report of physico-chemical and microbial study of the water samples taken from the region nearby Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Six water samples are subjected to physico- chemical analysis like pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The MPN count resulted from the bacteriological study of these samples has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. The results are analyzed comparatively and conclusions regarding the suitability of the use of such waters are made.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KOAGULAN PADA BIOFILTER ANAEROBIK AEROBIK DALAM MENURUNKAN COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) DAN BOD (BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI FARMASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Sigma Wahyuni ◽  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wet Scrubber

Limbah cair PT. Interbat berasal dari kegiatan domestik meliputi laundry (menggunakan detergen bebas phospat), kegiatan hygiene personal (mandi, keramas dan cuci tangan), kegiatan dapur dan kantin, toilet/WC (buang air), kegiatan kebersihan (pembersihan lantai dan kamar mandi); kegiatan produksi (penisilin, sefalosporin, dan non betalaktam) dan laboratorium meliputi pencucian alat-alat produksi dan alat laboratorium, pencucian botol, air cucian vial, air buangan dari wet scrubber HVAC (sistem tata udara). Beban dan jumlah limbah cair yang masuk dalam IPAL sentral PT. Interbat sering mengalami fluktuasi konsentrasi dan fluktuasi jumlah air. Sehingga beberapa kali hasil olahan tidak memenuhi standart baku mutu Pergub Jatim No. 72 Tahun 2013 untuk industri farmasi. Teknologi sistem biofilter anaerobik aerobik telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mengolah limbah cair dan dapat menurunkan BOD dan COD hingga 95%. Salah satu kelebihan teknologi ini adalah tahan terhadap fluktuasi jumlah air limbah maupun fluktuasi konsentrasi. Bahan koagulan digunakan pada aplikasi ini untuk membantu proses pengikatan padatan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji tentang pengaruh penggunaan koagulan pada biofilter anaerobik aerobik dalam menurunkan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) dan BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) limbah cair industri farmasi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data sekunder, survei lapangan, perhitungan reaktor, dokumentasi, kajian literatur dan analisis laboratorium. Dimensi reaktor biofilter anaerobik aerobik dalam penelitian ini adalah skala 1:10. Debit air limbah pada skala 1:10 adalah sebesar 50ml/menit. Digunakan tambahan koagulant dengan variasi 0 ppm (tanpa), 200 ppm dan 300 ppm. Rata-rata efisiensi penurunan COD dan BOD dalam penelitian ini pada dosis tanpa penambahan koagulan penurunan COD sebesar 60% dan BOD sebesar 60%; pada dosis koagulan 200 ppm penurunan COD sebesar 54% dan BOD sebesar 46%; dan pada dosis koagulan 300 ppm penurunan COD sebesar 67% dan BOD sebesar 65%. Kemampuan dalam efisiensi penurunan COD dan BOD tertinggi dalam penelitian ini adalah pada koagulan dosis 300 ppm. Hasil COD dan BOD outlet adalah COD outlet sebesar 67 mg/l dan BOD outlet sebersar 49 mg/l. Bila dibandingkan dengan Pergub Jatim No.72 Tahun 2013 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Industri Dan/Atau Kegiatan Usaha Lainnya, maka hasil COD dan BOD outlet sudah dibawah baku mutu. Kata Kunci : Biofilter anaerobik aerobik, koagulan, PAC, COD, BOD

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document