scholarly journals Perspectives of emerging zoonoses – challenges and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Navid ◽  
Raheela Akthar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
Increasing Demand

Zoonoses are the infectious diseases that are linked with human and animals. During the last few decades, human-animal linkages and close associations have been increased the zoonotic diseases threats upto several times. The increasing demand and love for animal based edible proteins have resulted higher rate of human-animal interaction. Greater the interaction rate, higher the zoonotic disease threat. Moreover, the human, animal and environmental factors have increased the threat of vector-borne and food–borne illnesses globally. In the present study, we have focused on vector-borne and food-borne diseases that are transmissible between human and animal species. We have highlighted a few opportunities through which we can reduce the chances of emerging zoonotic disease illnesses in developing countries such as Pakistan.

scholarly journals Anthropomorphism and Its Adverse Effects on the Distress and Welfare of Companion Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Andrea Zdeinert ◽  
Giacomo Riggio ◽  
Patricia Mora-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
And Behavior

Anthropomorphic practices are increasing worldwide. Anthropomorphism is defined as the tendency to attribute human forms, behaviors, and emotions to non-human animals or objects. Anthropomorphism is particularly relevant for companion animals. Some anthropomorphic practices can be beneficial to them, whilst others can be very detrimental. Some anthropomorphic behaviors compromise the welfare and physiology of animals by interfering with thermoregulation, while others can produce dehydration due to the loss of body water, a condition that brings undesirable consequences such as high compensatory blood pressure and heat shock, even death, depending on the intensity and frequency of an animal’s exposure to these stressors. Malnutrition is a factor observed due to consumption of junk food or an imbalance in caloric proportions. This can cause obesity in pets that may have repercussions on their locomotor apparatus. Intense human–animal interaction can also lead to the establishment of attachment that impacts the mental state and behavior of animals, making them prone to develop aggression, fear, or anxiety separation syndrome. Another aspect is applying cosmetics to pets, though scientific studies have not yet determined whether cosmetic products such as coat dyes, nail polish, and lotions are beneficial or harmful for the animals, or to what extent. The cohabitation of animals in people’s homes can also constitute a public health risk due to infectious and zoonotic diseases. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the adverse effects of anthropomorphism on the welfare of companion animals from several angles—physiological, sanitary, and behavioral—based on a discussion of current scientific findings.

scholarly journals Prioritizing zoonotic diseases using a multisectoral, One Health approach for The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace W. Goryoka ◽  
Virgil Kuassi Lokossou ◽  
Kate Varela ◽  
Nadia Oussayef ◽  
Bernard Kofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
West African ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Health Ministries

Abstract Background Zoonotic diseases pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has endured a significant burden of zoonotic disease impacts. To address zoonotic disease threats in ECOWAS, a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) was conducted over five days in December 2018 to prioritize zoonotic diseases of greatest regional concern and develop next steps for addressing these priority zoonoses through a regional, multisectoral, One Health approach. Methods The OHZDP Process uses a mixed methods prioritization process developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the OHZDP workshop, representatives from human, animal, and environmental health ministries from all 15 ECOWAS Member States used a transparent and equal process to prioritize endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of greatest regional concern that should be jointly addressed by One Health ministries and other partners. After the priority zoonotic diseases were identified, participants discussed recommendations and further regional actions to address the priority zoonoses and advance One Health in the region. Results ECOWAS Member States agreed upon a list of seven priority zoonotic diseases for the region – Anthrax, Rabies, Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers (for example, Marburg fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever), zoonotic influenzas, zoonotic tuberculosis, Trypanosomiasis, and Yellow fever. Participants developed recommendations and further regional actions that could be taken, using a One Health approach to address the priority zoonotic diseases in thematic areas including One Health collaboration and coordination, surveillance and laboratory, response and preparedness, prevention and control, workforce development, and research. Conclusions ECOWAS was the first region to use the OHZDP Process to prioritize zoonotic disease of greatest concern. With identified priority zoonotic diseases for the region, ECOWAS Member States can collaborate more effectively to address zoonotic diseases threats across the region using a One Health approach. Strengthening national and regional level multisectoral, One Health Coordination Mechanisms will allow ECOWAS Member States to advance One Health and have the biggest impact on improving health outcomes for both people and animals living in a shared environment.

scholarly journals Searching where the treasure is: on the emergence of human companion animal partnership (HCAP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Miklósi ◽  
Judit Abdai ◽  
Andrea Temesi
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
Human Caring

AbstractIn our view, the discipline, often referred to as human–animal interaction (HAI), lacks a well-defined conceptual framework. It is too narrow both with respect to the animal species investigated and the nature of human–animal interactions studied. So instead, we introduce the term human–companion animal partnership (HCAP) that is not only a better descriptor for most research efforts within HAI but also helps to direct research efforts on an ethological basis. In our approach, ‘companion’ is a function and not a feature of some species. This means that many species had and could have a potential to form mixed social groups with humans if they evolve some capacity of social competence. This view may initiate new comparative research involving a range of species to find out how complex social engagement could be maintained in such hetero-specific social groups based on evolutionary heritage, recent selection and individual experience (socialisation). Our approach emphasises the role of human caring behaviour and social competence in the emergence of a partnership with several species, and thus could also help in setting expectations for welfare and aid in designing artificial companions for specific purposes.

scholarly journals Operationalising the “One Health” approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Asaaga ◽  
J. C. Young ◽  
M. A. Oommen ◽  
R. Chandarana ◽  
J. August ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
One Health ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One

Abstract Background There is a strong policy impetus for the One Health cross-sectoral approach to address the complex challenge of zoonotic diseases, particularly in low/lower middle income countries (LMICs). Yet the implementation of this approach in LMIC contexts such as India has proven challenging, due partly to the relatively limited practical guidance and understanding on how to foster and sustain cross-sector collaborations. This study addresses this gap by exploring the facilitators of and barriers to successful convergence between the human, animal and environmental health sectors in India. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using a detailed content review of national policy documents and in-depth semi-structured interview data on zoonotic disease management in India. In total, 29 policy documents were reviewed and 15 key informant interviews were undertaken with national and state level policymakers, disease managers and experts operating within the human-animal-environment interface of zoonotic disease control. Results Our findings suggest that there is limited policy visibility of zoonotic diseases, although global zoonoses, especially those identified to be of pandemic potential by international organisations (e.g. CDC, WHO and OIE) rather than local, high burden endemic diseases, have high recognition in the existing policy agenda setting. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, a myriad of factors operated to either constrain or facilitate the success of cross-sectoral convergence at different stages (i.e. information-sharing, undertaking common activities and merging resources and infrastructure) of cross-sectoral action. Importantly, participants identified the lack of supportive policies, conflicting departmental priorities and limited institutional capacities as major barriers that hamper effective cross-sectoral collaboration on zoonotic disease control. Building on existing informal inter-personal relationships and collaboration platforms were suggested by participants as the way forward. Conclusion Our findings point to the importance of strengthening existing national policy frameworks as a first step for leveraging cross-sectoral capacity for improved disease surveillance and interventions. This requires the contextual adaptation of the One Health approach in a manner that is sensitive to the underlying socio-political, institutional and cultural context that determines and shapes outcomes of cross-sector collaborative arrangements.

scholarly journals MAKNA PENGALAMAN PELATIH BERINTERAKSI DENGAN LUMBA-LUMBA DALAM PERTUNJUKAN "DOLPHIN SHOW" OCEAN DREAM SAMUDRA

Jurnal Common ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Nahemia Audrian
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Human Animal Interaction ◽  
Animal Interaction

Interaksi manusia dengan hewan telah menjadi fenomena yang selalu terjadi selama berabad-abad.   Salah satu hewan yang memiliki kapabilitas kecerdasan tinggi dalam berkomunikasi ialah lumba-lumba. Lumba-Lumba ialah salah satu mamalia laut yang sering di pertunjukan di berbagai wahana wisata, sirkus, hiburan, juga penelitian maupun pengobatan. Keterlibatan lumba-lumba ini tidak terlepas dari peran pelatih yang selalu berinteraksi dalam melatih lumba-lumba.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna pengalaman pelatih dalam berinteraksi dengan lumba-lumba dalam pertunjukan “Dolphin Show” di Ocean Dream Samudra – Ancol. Pemaknaan nilai-nilai hidup dalam pengimplikasian jenis komunikasi yang diterapkan pelatih dalam metode pelatihan menjadi dasar pembahasan. Peneltian dilakukan di dolphinarium Ocean Dream Samudera – Taman Impian Jaya Ancol.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi interpretatif dengan pendekatan model Collaizi (1978) sebagai teknik analisis data beserta triangulasi sumber data. Interaksi antar pelatih dan lumba-lumba didasarkan oleh rasa cinta pada hewan yang didukung oleh penggunaan jenis komunikasi seperti verbal, gestur, objek, peluit ultrasonik, fokus tatapan mata, dan bahasa telepati. Interaksi didukung juga oleh perubahan makna simbol, proses konsisten disiplin dan pemberian reward dalam proses latihan. Kesalahan berinteraksi yang terjadi saat pertunjukan ditutupi oleh kemahiran pelatih dalam improvisasi acting. Koneksi yang terjalin antar pelatih dan lumba-lumba memungkinkan komunikasi antar manusia dan hewan dapat terjadi.   Abstract Human - animal interaction has always been a phenomenon throughout hundreds of years. One of the cleverest animal species that have high inteligence capability in communication are dolphins. Dolphins are one of the cetacean group that often being shown in various places such as theme park, circus, entertainment, research and also medication centre. This involvement of dolphins usually attached with the role of trainers that always interact while training those dolphins. This research aimed to discover the meaning of trainers and dolphins’ interaction experience in “Dolphin Show” Ocean Dream Samudra – Ancol. The meaning of life value in implicating communication aspects used by trainers becoming analysis foundation. This research was held in Ocean Dream Samudra – Taman Impian Jaya Ancol. This research uses Collaizi’s (1978) model as data analysis techniques and the triangulation sources of data. Interaction between trainers and dolphins is based on the feeling of love for animals in which supported by incorporating communication aspects such as verbal, gesture, objects, ultrasonic whistle, focus in eye sight, and telepathy. The changes in meaning produced by symbol and the consistency, discipline and reward management in training also support the interaction process. Miss comunication that occur during shows, covered by the ability of acting improvisation. The connection between trainers and dolphins enabling communication between human and animals.

scholarly journals Animal Assisted Interventions in the Green Care Framework: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9431
Author(s):  
Morgana Galardi ◽  
Marta De Santis ◽  
Roberta Moruzzo ◽  
Franco Mutinelli ◽  
Laura Contalbrigo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Interaction

Green Care (GC) and Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are recognised practices useful to enhance the wellbeing of people through interaction with nature and animals. This study aims at understanding the interconnections between GC and AAI by analysing deeply which interaction with animals is conducted. Therefore, we carried out a literature search through Web of Science and Google Scholar that allowed retrieval of 993 records; after the PRISMA selection process, 42 were included. Relevant information was extracted: year of publication, geographical location, objectives, settings in agricultural environment, animal species, characteristics of users involved, type of human–animal interaction, coexistence of other activities without animals, animal health and welfare issues. From the review emerged that research on GC with animals is common in high-income countries and that the line between AAI and occupational therapy is often vague. Moreover, the most common setting for these interventions appears to be the farm, and frequently animals involved are not selected according to their ethological characteristics. Users in this context are extremely various and not only involved in activities with animals. Within the included studies, we noted a lack in the consideration of animal welfare that indicates the need for increased awareness among practitioners and a more ethical approach when animals are involved.

Mobile to Fuel Explosive Ecommerce Growthin india

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Yadav ◽  
Pranjeet Das ◽  
Ravi Kumar Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Made In

E-commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. Advances in wireless network technology and the continuously increasing number of users of mobile latter on make an ideal platform for offering various high utilityservices in just a snap of a finger to the mobile users and give pace to the rapid development of E-Commerce in India.E-commerce is considered an excellent alternative for companies to reach new customersbut the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today and there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of securityfor increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. With the special characteristics and constraints of mobile terminals and wireless networks and the context, situations and circumstances that people use their hand-held terminalswhich will ultimately fuel explosive ecommerce growth in India This paper highlights the various key challenges and opportunities which Indian e-commerce industry may face in the upcoming years. And also discuss challenges in electronic commerce transactions.

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