The effect of Esberitox on the functional activity of 2D-positive natural killer cells (NKG2D) and interferon status in patients with recurrence of herpes simplex virus infection

The aim of the study was to assess changes in the functional activity of 2D-positive natural killer cells (NKG2D) and interferon status in patients with recurrence of herpes virus infection under the influence of Esberitox.Materials and methods. We studied 30 patients aged 22-45 years old with frequent relapsing labial herpes, previously verified by PCR. The frequency ofexacerbations at the time of the study was 6 (5.3 ± 1.4) and more than once a year. Patients were initially examined within 24 hours of the appearance of rashes.The expression of CD314 on the surface of CD3-CD56 lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry(EPICS XL, Beckman Coulter). The content of cytokines (α-and γ-IFN) in supernatants was determined by enzyme immunoassay (IBL, Germany). Patients took Esberitox tablets, 2 tablets x 3 times a day, and daily1-gram tablets of Valacyclovir for 7 days. The control group consisted of 10 patients receiving only tablet valacyclovir.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the final leveling of symptoms with combined treatment with Esberitox was noted by the end of 5-6 days, with basic treatment - by 9-10 days. There was a decrease in the relapse rate (3 patients) during the observation period within 2 months after the end of the course of treatment.In patients receiving basic Valacyclovir therapy, relapses during the observation period were recorded in more than half of the examined individuals (6 patients). The positive dynamics of the increase in the level of γ-IFN and α-IFN in patients of the main group and itsalmost absence in the control group were established.The dynamics of surface expression of the NKG2D receptor on peripheral blood NK cells showed an increase parameters under the influence of the Esberitox drug compared with Valacyclovir monotherapy, with no significant changes in other lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusions. The administration of Esberitox in case of frequently recurring herpes virus infection is a promising method of combined immuno-adaptive therapy, which requires further careful study.

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Corrigendum to “Altered natural killer cells response to herpes virus infection in multiple sclerosis involves KIR2DL2 expression” [J. Neuroimmunol. 251 (2012) 55–64]

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.09.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 254 (1-2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Roberta Rizzo ◽

Valentina Gentili ◽

Ilaria Casetta ◽

Elisabetta Caselli ◽

Riccardo De Gennaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Herpes Virus ◽

Herpes Virus Infection ◽

Killer Cells ◽

Herpès Virus

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Altered natural killer cells' response to herpes virus infection in multiple sclerosis involves KIR2DL2 expression

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 251 (1-2) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Roberta Rizzo ◽

Valentina Gentili ◽

Ilaria Casetta ◽

Elisabetta Caselli ◽

Riccardo De Gennaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Herpes Virus ◽

Herpes Virus Infection ◽

Killer Cells ◽

Herpès Virus

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Role of natural killer cells in innate protection against lethal ebola virus infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1004529.231477 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

William Seaman

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Killer Cells ◽

Ebola Virus Infection

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In Vivo Survival and Homeostatic Proliferation of Natural Killer Cells

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20021847 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 197 (8) ◽

pp. 967-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 167

Author(s):

Martin Prlic ◽

Bruce R. Blazar ◽

Michael A. Farrar ◽

Stephen C. Jameson

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Cell Sorting ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Homeostatic Proliferation ◽

Killer Cells ◽

Bystander Cells

While the specificity and development of natural killer (NK) cells have been intensely studied, little is known about homeostasis of the mature NK population. Here we show that mouse NK cells undergo homeostatic proliferation when transferred into NK-deficient Rag−/− γC−/− hosts. Normal NK functional activity is maintained during this process, although there are some changes in NK phenotype. Using cell sorting, we demonstrate that mature (Mac-1hi) NK cells undergo homeostatic proliferation in an NK-deficient environment, yet immature (Mac-1lo) NK cells also proliferate in such hosts. We find that mature NK cells survive but do not proliferate in hosts which possess an endogenous NK pool. However, we go on to show that mature NK survival is critically dependent on interleukin (IL)-15. Surprisingly, NK survival is also compromised after transfer of cells into IL-15Rα−/− mice, implying that IL-15 responsiveness by bystander cells is critical for NK maintenance. These data imply that, similar to T cells, homeostasis of the NK pool is much more dynamic than previously appreciated and this may be relevant to manipulation of NK cells for therapeutic purposes.

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Subpopulations of mononuclear leukocytes associated with inhibition of Ehrlich ascites tumor growth by treatment withBothrops jararacavenom

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1080/09629350410001664770 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mariana Morena de Vieira Santos ◽

Reinaldo José da Silva ◽

Márcia Guimarães da Silva ◽

Denise Fecchio

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Ehrlich Ascites Tumor ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Control Group ◽

Ascites Tumor ◽

Growth Modulation ◽

Killer Cells ◽

Ehrlich Ascites

Snake venoms have been used as antineoplastic substances in several experimental models. We demonstrated in previous studies thatBothrops jararacavenom (BjV) induces inhibition of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) growth accompanied by an increase of mononuclear (MN) leukocytes in all groups inoculated with EAT and/or venom. The objective of the present study was to characterize the subpopulations of MN leukocytes involved in the inhibition of EAT growth by treatment with BjV. Swiss mice were inoculated with 1.0×103EAT cells by the intraperitoneal route and treated with 0.4 mg/kg of BjV by the same route (Group TV). Treatment was started 24 h after tumor cell inoculation and consisted of five intraperitoneal injections performed at 72 h intervals. After 2, 8 and 14 days, groups of animals were sacrificed and the number of B, TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells present in the peritoneal cavity was determined by flow cytometry. The control group consisted of animals inoculated with EAT and treated with 0.1 ml of saline under the same conditions as the experimental group (Group T). Two additional control groups consisted of animals not inoculated with EAT and treated with saline or venom. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for independent samples. On the 2nd and 8th day we observed a difference between groups T and TV (group T > group TV) for all cell types, except natural killer cells, that only differed on the 2nd day. However, on the 14th day there was no difference in MN cells among groups. These data suggest that the inhibition of EAT is related to the toxic action of BjV on tumor cells and/or to the proteolytic effect of the venom on the mediators produced by the cells for growth modulation.

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