scholarly journals Period Poverty: A Risk Factor for People Who Menstruate in STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Andersh ◽  
Zanah Francis ◽  
Mary Moran ◽  
Emily Quarato
Keyword(s):  
Critical Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Professional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
K 12

In the United States, lack of access to menstrual hygiene products (MHPs) is contributing to a serious problem, period poverty. Period poverty has negative impacts on physical and mental health, as well as long term decreased productivity in educational and professional outcomes. Therefore, it is critical that action be taken to reduce period poverty and improve menstrual equity particularly for young menstruators, as inaction can result in lasting negative effects on both health and prosperity. The inability to afford and access MHPs results in recurring absences from school, which is a critical time for nurturing interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To ensure the development of a diverse STEM workforce, significant action needs to be taken to reduce period poverty and improve menstrual equity. We recommend instituting a requirement that all public K-12 schools provide free MHPs to students, an expansion of Section 2 of the Menstrual Equity for All Act of 2019 (ME4ALL Act, H.R. 1882).

Fully Autonomous Vehicles for People with Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Paul D. S. Fink ◽  
Jessica A. Holz ◽  
Nicholas A. Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A significant number of individuals in the United States report a disability that limits their ability to travel, including many people who are blind or visually impaired (BVI). The implications of restricted transportation result in negative impacts related to economic security, physical and mental health, and overall quality of life. Fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs) present a means to mitigate travel barriers for this population by providing new, safe, and independent travel opportunities. However, current policies governing interactions with the artificial intelligence (AI) ‘at the wheel’ of FAVs do not reflect the accessibility needs articulated by BVI people in the extant literature, failing to encourage use cases that would result in life changing mobility. By reviewing the legislative and policy efforts surrounding FAVs, we argue that the heart of this problem is due to a disjointed, laissez-faire approach to FAV accessibility that has yet to actualize the full benefits of this new transportation mode, not only for BVI people, but also for all users. We outline the necessity for a policy framework that guides the design of FAVs to include the concerns of BVI people and then propose legislative and design recommendations aimed to promote enhanced accessibility, transparency, and fairness during FAV travel.

Negative Effects of Home Foreclosures on Mental and Physical Health Risks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Owusu Kizito
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Response System ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Home Foreclosures

The rising rate of home foreclosures which stands at approximately 1 in 92 households in the United States has raised a national alarm. Medical issues account for approximately half of all home foreclosure filings and it appears that approximately 1.5 million American homeowners could lose their homes to foreclosure every year. The phenomenological method was applied to explore the problems through the participant's lived experience. Four core themes were revealed: foreclosure process resulting in hospitalization of family and foreclosure associated with the lack of family's health insurance, family health and the foreclosure process, and foreclosure and the negligence of doctor's prescription, foreclosure as perceived loss of money and finally homeownership, displacement and housing instability as a reason for depression. The study provides a framework for local practitioners and decision makers in identifying the consequences on the physical and mental health of the participants and their families and providing a workable foreclosure response system.

Recommending a Child Enter a STEM Career

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Scheitle ◽  
Elaine Howard Ecklund
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Stem Careers ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Evangelical Protestants ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Religiously Unaffiliated

Apparent conflicts between religion and science are often observed in the United States. One consequence of such conflicts might be that religious individuals will be less likely to recommend their children pursue a career in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We examine this possibility using a nationally representative survey focused on a variety of issues related to religion and science. We find that, compared to religiously unaffiliated individuals, evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, Catholics, and Jews are less likely to say that they would recommend a child enter the pure STEM careers of physicist, engineer, or biologist. These differences are weaker or nonexistent for the more applied STEM careers of physician and high school chemistry teacher. The religious tradition effects observed for the pure STEM careers are primarily mediated by lower levels of interest in science and higher levels of creationist views among those groups relative to the religiously unaffiliated.

Intervening processes in the relationship between unemployment and health

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
J. Blake Turner ◽  
James S. House
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unemployment And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisA considerable amount of research documents the negative effects of job loss on both physical and mental health. Yet we know comparatively little about the mechanisms through which these effects occur. Unemployment, like other events, is not the same experience for everyone exposed to it. An understanding of this variation might be facilitated by breaking down the analysis of unemployment into a consideration of the various stresses that it creates or exacerbates. This is our purpose in the present paper.We demonstrate that, for one area of the United States, the effect of job loss on several health outcomes involves two mechanisms: (1) unemployment results in increased financial strain which, in turn, results in negative health effects, and (2) unemployment leaves the individual more vulnerable to the impact of unrelated life events. Controlling for financial strain, unemployed people in our sample who have not experienced an additional life event in the previous year are in no worse health than the stably employed. This provides useful insights into the nature of the unemployment experience in this particular setting. It also provides a basis for future detailed explorations of the various ways people cope with this event.

scholarly journals Developments In Stem Educators’ Preparedness For English Language Learners In The United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Keith R Besterman ◽  
Jeremy Ernst ◽  
Thomas O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Disciplines ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
K 12

In the United States, the population of students classified as English Language Learners (ELLs) in K-12 education has increased in recent decades. As a result, teachers outside of specialized linguistic courses have needed to adapt their instruction to better meet the needs of these students. This exploratory study investigates potential indicators of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) teachers’ preparedness to work with ELLs, in comparison with the rates of ELLs in STEM courses.   Data for this study were obtained from the national restricted-access datasets of the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 School and Staffing Survey (SASS) Teacher Questionnaire (TQ). STEM teachers’ participation in ELL-focused professional development activities, credentialing related to ELLs, and ELL populations in STEM teachers’ courses were analyzed to quantify changes in these measures over time and among the STEM disciplines. Regional analysis of STEM teacher populations and ELL populations in STEM classes was also conducted to examine how these factors differed across the United States.   Analyses of these data indicated increases in the percentage of STEM teachers who have ELLs in their service loads and in the average number of ELLs in teacher service loads; these trends were present in all U.S. regions and in all STEM disciplines. However, the total number of STEM teachers who participated in ELL-focused professional development activities increased only slightly over the four-year span. To effectively teach the growing ELL student population, STEM teachers must develop the skills and approaches necessary to educate and engage these students.

Educational Policy and Practice From the Perspective of Institutional Theory: Crafting a Wider Lens

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Burch
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Future Work

Institutional analyses of public education have increased in number in recent years. However, studies in education drawing on institutional analyses have not fully incorporated recent contributions from institutional theory, particularly relative to other domains such as law and health policy. The author sketches a framework that integrates recent institutional theorizing to guide scholarship on these and other issues in K–12 public education in the United States. The author argues that although concepts such as “loose coupling” have been widely used, education researchers have not fully tapped institutional theories that have emerged more recently. The author introduces three interrelated constructs and applies them to a case study of district reading and mathematics reform. In the final section, the author considers how current developments in the governance of public schooling increase the utility of institutional perspectives and identify critical issues that need to be addressed in future work.

scholarly journals NAFTA, Social Unionism, and Labour Movement Power in Canada and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Negative Impacts

This paper considers how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is likely to affect labour movement power in Canada and the United States. The paper is divided into four parts. It first defines the concept of « labour movement power », breaking it down into its component parts. It next considers why we should care about what happens to labour movement power. It then outlines the principal negative and positive effects that the NAFTA is likely to have on labour movement power. Attention is also given to the beneficial consequences that the fight against the NAFTA has already had for the labour movement. It is argued that the NAFTA 's negative impacts are likely to outweight its positive ones in the short run and that the positive effects could substantially outweight its negative effects over the medium to long run. Whether it does will depend upon choices made in the next few years by labour movement leaders and activists.

scholarly journals Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gough
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

BACKGROUNDThe negative health effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits.METHODSGender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others.RESULTSUnemployed and OOLF men spend more time in exercise alone and with others compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend more time in exercise with others, and OOLF women in all types of social exercise, compared to employed women.CONCLUSIONSUnemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment.

scholarly journals Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gough Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
American Time Use Survey

Abstract Introduction: The negative effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits. Methods: Gender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others. Results: Unemployed and OOLF men spend significantly more time in exercise alone (3-9 minutes, p<.05) and with others (about 13 minutes, p<.001) compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend significantly more time in exercise with others (6 minutes, p<.05), and OOLF women in all types of social exercise (1-9 minutes, p<.05), compared to employed women. Conclusions: Unemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment. Keywords: physical activity, employment, American Time Use Survey

scholarly journals It Is Time to Implement Primary Prevention in the Workplace to Ameliorate the Ongoing U.S. Opioid Epidemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110398
Author(s):  
Aurora B. Le ◽  
Jonathan D. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Negative Impacts

The United States’ opioid public health crisis continues having disastrous consequences on communities, including workers and employers. From May 2019 to May 2020, the largest number of drug overdose deaths was recorded over a twelve-month period. The “twindemics” of COVID-19 and opioids underscore the urgent need to address workers’ physical and mental health. Although much has been written about the negative impacts of the opioid epidemic on the workplace, few initiatives have focused on primary prevention, addressing work-related root causes of opioid use disorders (e.g., injury, stress) that may lead to prescription or illicit opioid use. We suggest primary prevention efforts to address the connection between workplace hazards and opioid misuse, dependence, and addiction such as examining patterns of work injury and stress with records of opioid prescription. Government funding should be expanded to support primary prevention and research efforts to strengthen the evidence-base to support workplace primary prevention endeavors.

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