There are So Many More than Three Barriers

2011 ◽  
pp. 2108-2109
Author(s):  
Rick Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
School Districts ◽  
School Funding ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
High Level

One major barrier is that educators often view themselves as “people persons” and not “technology persons,” which ends up being an excuse for not familiarizing themselves with new tools. Ironically, the actual research in other industries related to people who employ a high level of information technology in their jobs is that the technology liberates them to be more interactive with other people, not machines. The financial disaster “wolf” has never really been at the door of most school districts. By almost any measure, schools have for decades received funding that outpaces inflation. (That is why proponents for increased school funding have “cloaked” their requests in other measures such as percentage of the state budget or to equal expenditures in other states.) Conversely, many of the companies that have “reengineered” themselves have done so at the threat of going out of business. Some of these companies have seen declines in revenues over a short period of time of 50% or more. This has forced them to make really difficult decisions in order to increase productivity. They have often had to substantially reallocate priorities and resources in order to survive.

Ostatni będą pierwszymi? LNG w polityce energetycznej Rosji

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
External Energy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Constant State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.

Education and the Greek Economy1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Vettas
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
National Income ◽  
The State ◽  
University Education ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
High Level

Education affects the Greek economy in two main ways. Expenditure for education services is a significant part of national income, hence, a better design of the education system directly contributes to overall higher efficiency and welfare. Education also contributes toward building 'human capital', a high level of which is a condition for competitiveness without a need to resort to lower wages. Public spending for education tends to be lower than the EU average, however households tend to privately spend significant amounts, especially due to the high value they assign to university education. Overall, the Greek education system is significantly underachieving its potential and its overall performance is mediocre. Lack of appropriate incentives appears to be the cause for many of the failures, as neither education units nor individuals are seriously evaluated and systematically rewarded for their progress. The State exercises excessive control over the entire system, making it too inflexible, formalistic and averse to change and adaptation to new conditions. Before the crisis, and as long as a relatively high number of graduates could find employment in sectors of the economy not exposed to competition (including the public sector), and as long as the State budget could contribute the funds that kept the system functioning, there were no incentives for reform. Education has been hit hard during the crisis: funding has decreased significantly, the institutions and rules have not improved and many high quality people have migrated abroad. However, as public finances and household savings will remain under pressure for the foreseeable future, the reform of the education system in Greece becomes an urgent priority and an important condition for growth.

There are So Many More Than Three Barriers

2011 ◽  
pp. 1838-1839
Author(s):  
Rick Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
High Level

One major barrier is that educators often view themselves as “people persons” and not “technology persons,” which ends up being an excuse for not familiarizing themselves with new tools. Ironically, the actual research in other industries related to people who employ a high level of information technology in their jobs is that the technology liberates them to be more interactive with other people, not machines.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

EFFECTS OF A PUBLIC DEBT AND DEFICIT BUDGET

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the effects of the public debt and the budget deficit. The public debt is a result of the lack of adequate income earned by the financial sector, what means that it must incur liabilities to be able to carry out its tasks or improper management of the state budget funds - what results in the budget deficit. The size of the state's debt and the public debt has a very large impact on the socio-economic situa-tion of the country as well as on its financial policy. Due to the high indebtedness of the state, the whole economy is disturbed, the state authorities are not able to allocate an adequate amount of the funds to stimulate invest-ments. Such actions slow down the dynamics of economic development, what means that the state authorities most often look for savings. Unfortunately, this usually happens at the expense of the ordinary(?) citizens. Countries that have a high level of the debts tend to lose their credibility internationally. This may result in the fall in the foreign investments and the outflow of the foreign capital.

scholarly journals Ukraine’s Contribution to Development of the International IT Services Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
I. A. Bulkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The State ◽  
It Services ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
It Enterprises

Today, information technology in one way or another covers almost all spheres of human life. The world economy is gradually moving into the Internet space. In the context of globalization of the economy, the competitiveness of the State is increasingly determined by the degree of development and practical use of information technologies, which today are an instrument for the development of the modern economy. The article graphically presents the dependence of the level of economic development of countries on the level of spending on information technology. The classical structure of the IT sector and legislative definition of the main categories, including: information service, information product and information technology, are provided. Ukraine’s positions in international IT ratings and in some related rankings are determined. It is determined that in recent years Ukrainian IT enterprises occupy advanced or leading positions and demonstrate positive dynamics of their own activities. The reasons for this rise, despite the general economic backwardness, can be considered an impressive growth of the software development market, as evidenced by statistics of the World Bank, PwC, the Association «IT-Ukrayina» and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The structure and dynamics of exports of IT services in Ukraine is analyzed. The main consumers have been identified. The analysis of tax revenues to the State budget from the activities of IT enterprises and freelancers in this sphere is carried out. It is defined that the growth of demand for Ukrainian IT services is facilitated by: financial factor, slight sensitivity of IT in Ukraine to economic fluctuations, prestige of work in the IT sphere in Ukraine, historically strong side of technical education, reduction of bureaucracy and positive trends in the taxation system, geographical location of the country. In addition, the largest asset of the IT industry in Ukraine is a huge pool of IT professionals, which has no analogues in the quality of skills.

MORTGAGE LENDING AS A DEFIBLIATOR OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Artemieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Level

The article deals with the current state and features of the development of mortgage lending in Ukraine, its influence on stimulating the construction market. The ratio of mortgage to gross domestic product in the section of countries is given and the advantages and disadvantages of mortgage lending in the primary and secondary real estate market are analyzed. The factors influencing the formation of the average interest rate on mortgage loans are outlined, namely: a stable economic situation in the country, low NBU accounting rate, high level of solvency of the population, protecting the rights of creditors and transparent conditions for mortgage legislation, but the article determines that none of the above conditions are not provided in Ukraine properly. The retrospective programs are considered and analyzed by state programs for the liberation of mortgage lending in Ukraine in terms of normative and legal support and conditions of their implementation and revealed that despite the considerable number of preferential conditions and preferences proposed by the state and preferences, funding for their implementation is not provided for by the state budget. It has been established that the terms of lending to various banks within the framework of the implementation of the program "Available Mortgage 7%" program and their real credit products are different from the conditions declared by the state and the Fund for Entrepreneurship Development. It has been established that the movement in support of population with a reduced mortgage rate under 7% per annum is true and will have demand among the population, but there are certain doubts about the real functioning of these programs, as the implementation of the initiative of the direction depends on state funding. It is summarized that the state program "Available Mortgage 7%" will not lead to a sharp increase in loans issued, but even a small amount of additional funding will unequivocally revitalize the construction market. It was found that the problem of mortgage lending is not in a percentage rate, and banks are in no hurry to increase their loan portfolios due to high reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine and a constant growth of capital requirements, and lenders continue to have weak protection at the legislative level.

Los Programas De Maestrías Del Centro De Posgrado De La Universidad Estatal Del Sur De Manabí Y Su Relación Con El Plan Nacional Del Buen Vivir

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberth Zambrano Santos ◽  
Manuel Alvaro Linares
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Central State ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Plan National

En el Ecuador, el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo es el instrumento que regula las políticas, programas  y proyectos  públicos;  la programación  y ejecución  del  presupuesto  del Estado;  y  la  inversión  y  la  asignación  de  los  recursos  públicos;  y  coordinará  las competencias   exclusivas   entre   el   Estado   central   y   los   gobiernos   autónomos descentralizados.  El  Plan  Nacional  de  Desarrollo  en  el  Ecuador,  denominado  Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir, es el instrumento del Gobierno para articular las políticas públicas con la gestión y la inversión pública. En este programa, se tiene en cuenta la necesidad de la transformación de la Educación Superior, partiendo del hecho de que Ecuador es uno de los países que posee menores coberturas de educación superior en Latinoamérica;  por  ello,  contempla  dentro  de  sus  prioridades  el  aumento  de  las oportunidades  de  acceso  a  este  nivel  educativo.  Este  trabajo  se  ha  elaborado apoyándose en estos criterios, con el objetivo de demostrar la pertinencia y la armonía de las maestrías existentes en el Centro de Posgrado de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, con el mencionado programa, partiendo tanto de la viabilidad de éstas, como de sus objetivos, impactos económicos, sociales y culturales en la región y el país. Palabras clave: Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir, programas de maestría, educación de posgrado.   Abstract  In Ecuador, the National Plan of Development is an instrument that regulates politics, programs and public projects; the planning and execution of the state budget; and the designation of the public resources also will coordinate the relationship between the Central State and the autonomous decentralized government. The National Plan of Development  in  the  Ecuador is  named  Plan  National  for Good  Living  and  it’s  the government instrument to coordinate policies for the best of the public. Within these program, the transformation of the superior education is taken into consideration, since the Ecuador is one of the countries in Latin America with less higher education and few opportunities to reach this high level of education. This work takes into account the persistence  and  unity in  the "Graduate Center from the State University of South Manabí". The above mention program bring opportunities in economic, social as well as cultural impact in that region and the whole country. Key words: Plan National for the Good Life, masters programs, graduate education.

scholarly journals OLDER GENERATION: MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Marina A. Shurgaya ◽  
S. S Memetov ◽  
L. V Silenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
High Level

In an article there are presented results of a sociological survey of elderly people who underwent inpatient treatment at the State Budget Institution «Hospital for Veterans of Wars» in the Rostov Region in 2016. The survey was implemented according to a specially developed questionnaire. The respondents included 220 cases of elderly and senile age. The results of the survey showed the majority of elderly respondents, including disabled people, as to mention the main problems of elderly people as health problems and access to medical care as note a high level of anxiety.

scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF THE MINING INDUSTRY AS A TYPE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Yu. Mialeshka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the mining industry as a type of economic activity. The role of mining in modern industrial relations as a source of mineral resources, including fuel and energy, is shown. Thanks to taxes and resource rents, this industry is the absolute leader in the share of income redistributed in favor of the state budget. The conditions under which mining is a driver of sustainable economic development are identified. The author singles out and characterizes such distinctive features of the mining industry as a high level of costs due to natural factors, capital intensity, scale, long-term concentration of production, active participation of the state, and high volatility of prices for mining products.

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