Mapping Plastic Greenhouses With LANDSAT 8 Imagery in Valparaiso, Chile

2022 ◽  
pp. 563-577
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aguirre ◽  
Jacinto Garrido Velarde ◽  
Javier Lozano Parra
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
New Method ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Security Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
The Government

In the last decades there has been a strong increase around the world in the use of plastic greenhouses (PGs). The Valparaíso region, in the central valley of Chile, has not been the exception, and the area covered by greenhouses has also experienced an increase over the years, reaching 1180 ha in 2007. Taking into account that agriculture in this region employs more than 60,000 people and accounts for 4% of the regional GDP, this information should be available to be included in territorial planning and incorporated into hydrological, economic, and food security models. To do this, the authors propose a new method for identifying the surface covered by PGs based on the intersection of the normalized difference indices and the areas excluded by the masks. The results showed that this methodology was able to identify with a general precision of 86.25% which allowed to classify 1409.85 ha. This area is consistent with the agricultural census carried out in 2007 and with the increase of more than 900 subsidies granted by the government for the installation of new structures.

Mapping plastic greenhouses with satellite imagery in Valparaiso, Chile: development of a new methodology through data cloud platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aguirre ◽  
Javier Lozano-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Government

<p>During the last decades, there has been a strong increase around the globe in the use of plastic greenhouses (PGs) which respond to the need to provide better water security, overcome adverse weather events, or elude pests. The central valley of Chile has not been an exception and the surface covered by greenhouses has also experienced an increase over the years. In the Valparaiso region, the surface increased from 1122 ha to 1180 ha throughout the decade 1997-2007. However, on one hand, there has not been a new PGs census since 2007 and, on the other hand, its spatial distribution has not ever been mapped. Considering that agriculture in this region employs more than 60000 people and moves 4% of regional GPD, this information should be available to be included in land planning and to be incorporated into hydrological, economic, and food security models. To overcome this, we propose a new method for monitoring the variations of the surface covered by PGs based on the intersection of normalized difference indexes and areas excludes by masks. For this, free Landsat 8 multi-temporal cloud-free images were used, from which five indexes were obtained (Modified Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index, Temperature Brightness Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - Green, Normalized Difference Built-up Index, and Plastic Surface Index). These indexes were then reclassified in binary form and added up. Finally, urban areas and high slope zones were excluded to obtain the final output. This procedure was run in Google Earth Engine, which allowed easy replication and automation for longer time series or in other study sites. Results proved this methodology was able to successfully discriminate the 86% of PG, which suppose 1410 ha. This surface is consistent with the agricultural census developed in 2007 and with the increase of more than 900 subsidies granted by the government for installing PGs. Its performance also supports our confidence to discriminate PGs in areas with different land covers such as reservoirs, rural areas, open crops, bare soil, and roads. Future studies will allow us to estimate the surface of plastic greenhouses in Chile, mapping its spatial distribution in all the country, and monitor changes over time.</p>

scholarly journals SEGITIGA TERUMBU KARANG DUNIA (THE CORAL TRIANGLE): MANFAAT, MASALAH DAN UPAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadang Ilham Kurniawan Mujiono ◽  
Jusmalia Oktaviani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fishing Practices

The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI)

scholarly journals Domestikasi Berbalut Pemberdayaan Perempuan pada Kegiatan Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Munari Kustanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

The problem of food security is becoming one of the important issues not only in Indonesia but also in the world. This is apparent from the lifting of the food problem as one of the SDGs intention. In an effort to realize food security the Government initiate activities KRPL with women as the target. The empowerment strategy is carried in this activity indicated by not freeing women but instead perpetuate the hegemony patriarchy. This research seeks to elaborate on how the culture works with patriarchy wrap women's empowerment in KRPL to perpetuate its hegemony through domestication. This research used the qualitative approach, both in gathering techniques as well as data analysis. The required data in the study gained through the study of literature and in-depth interviews. Empowerment activities in KRPL carried no more patriarchy culture in an effort to perpetuate its hegemony. Practices KRPl on the field it is pushed on a domestication against women. Construction on the role of women in domestic activities is supported by regulations that underlie KRPL implementation.Domesticated which happens to female cannot be released from the use of WID approach by the government.

scholarly journals Food Security, Safety, and Nutritional Concerns during a COVID-19 Pandemic: the Global Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1936-1943
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government

The world has already been suffering from the long-standing problems of food security, safety, and nutrition. The situation intensifies severely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Around 2 billion people had no daily access to healthy, nutritious, and sufficient food as per pre-COVID-19 statistics of food and drug administration. This number has been increased exponentially during this pandemic situation. The efforts are being made by the government and several non-government organizations (NGOs) for the distribution of food among the needy people at the national and international levels. In India, the public distribution system (PDS-system) plays a crucial role in achieving the targets for food security. Similar operations are carried out by various countries to fill needy people's bellies during this corona pandemic. Apart from food security, food safety and nutritional security are the primary concerns that must be addressed to ensure proper nutrition and safety for the consumers. In India, people mostly purchase the food items from the mobile vendors moving around, mandis, and/or nearby markets where the fruits, vegetables, and other food items are sold in an open environment. This market culture is responsible for thousands of death due to foodborne illness annually. It is worst in India and other developing countries that foods are sold in the open while shoes in a controlled environment. So, there may be risks and hazards associated with the food items available in the market that may increase the severity of primary infection with the nCOVID. Therefore, precautionary measures should be taken by food employers and consumers to meet sanitation and hygiene requirements. People should also follow the food and nutrition guidelines have been released by WHO and other statutory organizations to rejuvenate and strengthen the immune system during the quarantine period. Although, in the world, a great deal of effort is being made. However, there is a significant lack, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, of such resources and facilities that could have been used to raise awareness and save lives in this pandemic COVID-19 and future.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

Book Reviews

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Zoltán Ádám ◽  
László Csaba ◽  
András Bakács ◽  
Zoltán Pogátsa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
East European ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

István Csillag - Péter Mihályi: Kettős kötés: A stabilizáció és a reformok 18 hónapja [Double Bandage: The 18 Months of Stabilisation and Reforms] (Budapest: Globális Tudás Alapítvány, 2006, 144 pp.) Reviewed by Zoltán Ádám; Marco Buti - Daniele Franco: Fiscal Policy in Economic and Monetary Union. Theory, Evidence and Institutions (Cheltenham/UK - Northampton/MA/USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Co., 2005, 320 pp.) Reviewed by László Csaba; Piotr Jaworski - Tomasz Mickiewicz (eds): Polish EU Accession in Comparative Perspective: Macroeconomics, Finance and the Government (School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College of London, 2006, 171 pp.) Reviewed by András Bakács; Is FDI Based R&D Really Growing in Developing Countries? The World Investment Report 2005. Reviewed by Zoltán Pogátsa

The Use of Social Media by the Botswana Government and Governance of Liquid Communication

Mousaion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshepho Lydia Mosweu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Social media as a communication tool has enabled governments around the world to interact with citizens for customer service, access to information and to direct community involvement needs. The trends around the world show recognition by governments that social media content may constitute records and should be managed accordingly. The literature shows that governments and organisations in other countries, particularly in Europe, have social media policies and strategies to guide the management of social media content, but there is less evidence among African countries. Thus the purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of usage of social media by the Botswana government in order to determine the necessity for the governance of liquid communication. Liquid communication here refers to the type of communication that goes easily back and forth between participants involved through social media. The ARMA principle of availability requires that where there is information governance, an organisation shall maintain its information assets in a manner that ensures their timely, efficient and accurate retrieval. The study adopted a qualitative case study approach where data were collected through documentary reviews and interviews among purposively selected employees of the Botswana government. This study revealed that the Botswana government has been actively using social media platforms to interact with its citizens since 2011 for increased access, usage and awareness of services offered by the government. Nonetheless, the study revealed that the government had no official documentation on the use of social media, and policies and strategies that dealt with the governance of liquid communication. This study recommends the governance of liquid communication to ensure timely, efficient and accurate retrieval when needed for business purposes.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

BUDAYA LOKAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN SEJARAH DI DAERAH BIMA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
faidin faidin Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Learning History ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Government ◽  
Book Publishers

This Writing is important because the dominant culture currently is globalization which has given the worse impact for the local culture. People are already hegemonized by materialistic lifestyle cause of globalization, however the complex problems necessarily require reasoning power, pure thinking to get out of the decline in the world today especially in education. The biggest challenge is against a habit that does not reflect a native of east culture. Now, learning history which full from meaning where still used a textbook which provided, rarely local culture area is lifted, because the textbooks created by the book publishers even though there are books written by the government but still a bit that explains the local culture in each of the area. In the year of 2016, now, there is improvement for all of the subjects should be contained a local issue because it is still new, of course that the application has been processed whether from lesson plan although Syllabus, from some of these problems, the purpose of this writing would like to express the important of local culture in creating a sense of students history in Bimanesse at Senior High School. While the discussion in this writing. First, about the local culture. Second, local culture of bimanesse. Third, the teaching of history. Fourth is a sense of history. The writer use some literature that support in this writing such as books, journals, and others. The result show that the local culture is to be applied in teaching history in increasing a sense of students history.

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