The Effect of Alkalization Treatment on Fiber-Matrix Compatibility in Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Evana Yuanita ◽  
Yuli Amalia Husnil ◽  
Myrna Ariati Mochtar ◽  
Rahma Lailani ◽  
Mochamad Chalid
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Fiber Matrix

This work was aimed to investigate the effect of alkalization treatment on the fiber-matrix interfacial interaction and hence their compatibility. Kenaf fiber was treated using a 6% NaOH solution for 8 hours. The composites were produced by mixing the treated fiber with PP at various temperatures, duration, and fiber composition. Alteration on the surface chemistry of the fiber was identified by performing FTIR analysis. The surface energy of the treated fiber was mathematically derived from the contact angle measurement results. The compatibility level between treated fiber and PP matrix was visualized through FESEM analysis. Tensile strength tests were also conducted to obtain data necessary for exploring the relationship between the thermodynamic aspects of the fiber-matrix interfacial interaction and the mechanical properties of the composites. The FTIR spectra show that there was significant increase in the %transmittance at wavelength range of 3100-3600 cm-1 indicating that O-H groups were degraded during treatment. However, the polar component of the surface energy for treated fiber was instead higher compared to the untreated one. The SEM images show that there are no noticeable reduction in the size of the treated fibers as expected. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the PP-treated fibers composites reached its highest value when the matrix were loaded with fibers at the lowest percentage i.e. 5%.

Oxygen Cold Plasma Treatment to Improve Hydrophilicity of HDPE Pellets

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintra Meemusaw ◽  
Rathanawan Magaraphan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polar Polymer

We demonstrated the environmentally friendly method, Cold Plasma treatment with oxygen plasma gas, in order to introduce the polar groups into non-polar polymer. HDPE pellets were treated with cold plasma under the mixture of plasma gas and air at atmospheric pressure. After that, the treated samples were immediately subjected into the twin-screw extruder. Plasma treatment time, 30 seconds, 1 and 2 minutes, was studied. From the contact angle measurement, all treated samples showed lower contact angle value than the neat HDPE from 96.83° to 80.84° - 84.53° suggesting that the hydrophilicity of all treated samples were improved. The polar part of surface free energy (γsp) of all treated samples increased from the neat HDPE from almost zero to 13.34-21.88 mN/m. ATR-FTIR results confirmed the increasing of γsp value. It was due to the new oxygenated functional groups which were introduced into the non-polar polymer. Lastly, from SEM images, the roughness of cross-sectional area increased after plasma treatment which attributed to the incompatible between the polar component and the non-polar component.

EFFECT OF SURFACE PROPERTIES ON THE WETTABILITY OF IRON CONTAINING AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. CHEN ◽  
S. P. LAU ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
G. Y. CHEN ◽  
Y. J. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Dispersive Component

Ta-C and iron containing amorphous carbon (a-C:Fe) films were deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. The influences of Fe contents on the wettability of the films were investigated in terms of surface energy. The surface energy of a-C:Fe films was determined by the contact angle measurement. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the origin of the variation of surface energy with various Fe content. It is found that the contact angle for water increases significantly after incorporating Fe into the films and the films become hydrophobic. The roughness of these films has a little effect on the contact angle. The surface energy is reduced after incorporating Fe into the a-C film which is due to the reduction of both dispersive and polar component. The reduction in dispersive component is ascribed to the decrease of atomic density of the a-C:Fe films due to the increase in sp2 bonded carbon. The absorption of oxygen on the surface play an important role in the reduction of polar component for the a-C:Fe films. It is proposed that such network as (Ca-O-Fe)-O-(Fe-O-Ca) may be formed and responsible for the reduction of polar component.

Anti-Sticking Properties of PVD CrWNx, CrOx and ZrOx Coatings on Medical Electrode Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 656-663
Author(s):  
Y.L. Hsu ◽  
C.H. Lee ◽  
S.M. Chiu ◽  
Y.C. Sung ◽  
K.Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron

The side effect of electrosurgery includes tissue charring, smoke generation and the adhesion of tissue to electrodes. These effects prolong surgery and interfere with effective coagulation. In this paper, CrWNx, CrOx and ZrOx coating were prepared by an unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of films was characterized using XRD, XPS, TEM and AFM. The hydrophobicity and surface energy of coatings were calculated by contact angle measurement and Wu harmonic mean approach. Anti-sticking in vitro test was performed by monopolar electrosurgery using pork liver tissue. The hardness of CrWNx , ZrOx and CrOx coatings were 44 GPa, 26.3 GPa and 20.7 GPa, respectively. The CrOx coating had the lowest surface energy 33.5 mN/m and the highest contact angle of water as high as 103°. The high surface O-H bonds density of CrOx coating and N-H bonds density of CrWNx coating could explain about their lower polar component of surface energy. All the three PVD coatings remarkably reduced the quantity of tissue adhesion on the electrode from about 2 times (ZrOx and CrWNx coatings) to 4.88 times (CrOx coating) than uncoated SUS304 electrode.

scholarly journals Effect of Kenaf MCC composition on Thin Film Composite membrane for NaCI Rejection

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Azman Ismail ◽  
Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin ◽  
Hamizah Mohktar ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Pure Water Flux

A modified thin film PSf-MCC reverse osmosis membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization between aqueous MPD and TMC as the organic monomer. Aim of this study is to determine the effect of MCC in membrane formulation and fabrication. The surface and cross section morphology of TFC PSF/MCC membrane shows MCC particle which able to improve hydrophilicity of the membrane. The SEM images showed dense and porous structure of the MCC incorporated membranes. In addition, the water contact angle measurement also confirmed the increased hydrophilicity of the modified membranes. The effect of MCC on membrane matric influence the membrane performance in terms of NaCl rejection and pure water flux. Results showed that TFC PSf/MCC membrane shows NaCl rejection up to 98.9% compared with TFC PSf membrane. TFC PSf/MCC membrane also showed the highest pure water flux which is 3.712 Lm2/hr compare with TFC PSF membrane which is 3.606 Lm2/hr. The overall result proved that MCC particle could improve membrane hydrophilicity hence, increased pure water flux and salt rejection.

Preparation of Superhydrophilic Polyethersulfone by Sol-Gel Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1547-1550
Author(s):  
Guang Fen Li ◽  
Jin Chao Zhang ◽  
Xu Dong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Infrared Spectral

Here a simple method was developed to fabricate hydrophilic Polyethersulphone film via a sol-gel process. The correspondent hydrophilicity was evaluated by infrared spectral analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the contact angle measurement, atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis, respectively. Both FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that the film surfaces have a relatively dense sol layer, which favors to become hydrophilic. AFM analysis demonstrated that the higher hydrophilicity was mainly attributed to the surface roughness, while SEM images show that the micro/nanometer crater-like protrusions appears on the film surfaces, whereas the spongy structures & the finger-like structures appear in cortex and intermediate layer respectively. This leads to the hydrophilic film forming after film being treated by sol-gel method.

EFFECT OF Nd:YAG LASER MELTING ON SURFACE ENERGY OF AZ91D Mg ALLOY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. GUAN ◽  
W. ZHOU ◽  
H. Y. ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Az91d Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Drastic Increase

Laser surface melting is known to alter surface energy and wettability of a few engineering materials, but its effect on magnesium alloys has never been reported. Effort was made to study how Nd : YAG laser irradiation influenced surface energy of an AZ91D magnesium alloy. Contact angle measurement was carried out using three types of liquids to make it possible to calculate the surface energy quantitatively based upon the acid–base theory. The laser irradiation was found to enhance surface wettability significantly and lead to a drastic increase in surface energy from 25.82 to 40.78 mJ/m2. The change in surface property was attributed to the laser-induced refinement of α- Mg and β- Mg 17 Al 12 phases and enrichment of Al in the microstructure.

Comparison of Surface Free Energy Calculation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Domińczuk ◽  
Anna Krawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Free Energy Calculation ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Liquid Boundary

The paper presents the main methods of surface free energy calculation of solids based on the contact angle measurement. The basic of splitting the surface free energy into components as well as interactions at the solid-liquid boundary phase considered while developing calculation models were presented. Basing on test results of surface free energy of 0H18N9T stainless steel, the relation between the method of surface preparation and the surface free energy were shown. The analysis focuses on change of the polar part. Differences between methods were indicated and it was pointed that skipping the polar component in analysis of adhesive joints strength results in deterioration of prediction model.

Topographical Evolution of Nanocrystalline Diamond and Its Effect on Osteoblast Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Brian W Sheldon ◽  
Thomas J Webster
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Force Microscopy

AbstractThe potential of nanocrystalline diamond films (NDFs) for biological applications has been addressed by a variety of recent researchers. In the present work, we consider the topographical evolution of NDFs fabricated by microwave plasma assisted chemical-vapor-deposition (MPCVD) and its influence on osteoblast (bone forming cells) functions. One group of NDFs formed in this study were grown with 0.67% methane, 5%∼20% hydrogen and argon. The other group of NDFs composed of nano diamond and amorphous carbon was created with indirect exposure to plasma with 0.67% methane, 20% hydrogen and argon. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the nano diamond grains in the first group of NDFs evolved from round shapes into faceted and successively cubic shapes as hydrogen increased, whereas the second group of NDFs consisted of nano platelet grains. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis confirmed this evolution as well as the variation of surface roughness. Cell results demonstrated that osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on NDFs varied dramatically depending on the different topographical features of the films. Specifically, results showed that NDFs with grain size less than 100 nm could be coated on the stem of a hip implant to promote cell adhesion. In contrast, NDFs with grain size greater than 200 nm or NDF with nano platelet grains may be optimal for the inside of acetabular articulation where cell adhesion is not preferred but wear-resistance is important. Further observation by contact angle measurement suggested that the differences in cellular adhesion and proliferation were related to the wettability associated to the topographical features of NDFs surfaces.

scholarly journals Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Polystyrene-Microsphere-Reinforced PEG-Based Hydrogels

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Zhanping Zhang ◽  
Yuhong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Polystyrene Microspheres ◽  
Polystyrene Microsphere ◽  
Soap Free Emulsion Polymerization

To improve the mechanical strength and practicability of hydrogels, polystyrene microspheres with core–shell structure were prepared by the soap-free emulsion polymerization, polyethylene glycol hydrogels with polystyrene microspheres by the in-situ polymerization. The structure, morphology, roughness, swelling property, surface energy, and mechanical properties of the microspheres and hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, swelling test, contact angle measurement, and compression test. The results showed that they have certain swelling capacity and excellent mechanical properties, and can change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surface. The reason is that the hydrophilic chain segment can migrate, enrich, and form a hydration layer on the surface after soaking for a certain time. Introducing proper content of polystyrene microspheres into the hydrogel, the compressive strength and swelling degree improved obviously. Increasing the content of polystyrene microspheres, the surface energy of the hydrogels decreased gradually.

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