scholarly journals New approaches to disease causation research based on the sufficient-component cause model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakeem Alrawahi
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
New Research ◽  
Exposed Case

Up to date, the sufficient-component cause model seems to be a theoretical framework for disease causation in epidemiology, and its implications in epidemiological research methods is currently still limited. Recently, pitfalls in current epidemiological research methods were addressed based on the sufficient-component cause model; hence, new research approaches are needed as alternatives. Therefore, this paper aims to review and suggest new epidemiological methods used to assess disease causation. A new approach was discussed to identify potential mechanisms of disease occurrence which may be useful for risk prediction and disease prevention. In addition, a novel “exposed case-control” design was introduced to identify potential component causes. Furthermore, this paper suggested a new approach of conducting a systematic review/meta-analysis related to causation studies.

scholarly journals A conceptional framework of spatial epidemiological research for natural focus diseases, a perspective of disaster science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology ◽  
Disaster Science

Abstract Objective: To develop a new spatial epidemiological research framework, which would overcome the problems of multicollinearity among the independent variables and the difficulty for outcome to give an explicit explanation for disease transmission mechanism in the current spatial epidemiological methods.Methods: Comparison of schistosomiasis transmission process with disaster process; Imitation with and import of disaster risk assessment methodology into spatial epidemiological research. Results: A universal spatial epidemiological research framework was presented for the natural focal disease infection risk prediction. This new approach was expected to be extended to the risk assessment of environmental pollution-incurred public health problems. The GIS-based spatialization methods of the factors concerned in the framework were suggested as well. Conclusion: The new established spatial epidemiological framework presented has strong universality and shows many advantages in the field of public health.

Cattle Review

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
David C Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Students Attitudes

Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider a meta-analysis of dietary cation-anion difference research, methods of measuring antimicrobial use on dairy farms, and UK veterinary students' attitudes towards production animal orientated careers.

Dynamic capabilities vs. innovation capability: are they related?

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Breznik ◽  
Robert D. Hisrich
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation capabilities. It links dynamic capability with innovation capability and indicates the ways they can be related. Design/methodology/approach – The relationships between dynamic and innovation capability were investigated through a systematic literature review. Findings – The review indicates that common characteristics exist between of the both fields, which demonstrate six relationships. Additionally, findings show some inconsistencies and even contradictions. Originality/value – In this paper, the authors have compared dynamic capabilities, a relatively new approach in the field of strategic management, with innovation capabilities, a widely recognised crucial domain for sustained competitiveness. Since both areas address issues that are essential to today's environment, future research should seek to clarify both concepts, by undertaking some new research and developing comprehensive and unambiguous framework.

Meta-analysis of transactional and financial possibilities of using trade credit

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Natalia Nehrebecka ◽  
Anna Białek-Jaworska ◽  
Aneta Dzik-Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
International Research ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Funding Sources

Article aims to systematize the knowledge acquired in the independent international research on the determinants of financing enterprises using trade credit by conducting a meta-analysis for the main groups of factors taken into account in the models: debt, liquidity, company size, profitability, stocks and growth opportunities. On the basis of publications review devoted to funding sources, 26 companies using trade credit from suppliers are selected. A database containing information about 232 of the estimated models is built. A logit model is estimated to identify the characteristics of trials and research methods determinants influencing the importance of trade credit finance companies. Results of the effect of debt financing on commercial credit utilization depend on the country and the characteristics of surveyed enterprises.

scholarly journals Investigating alexithymia in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kinnaird ◽  
Catherine Stewart ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Popu Lations ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
New Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackground:New research suggests that, rather than representing a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emotional processing difficulties reflect co-occurring alexithymia. Autistic individuals with alexithymia could therefore represent a specific subgroup of autism who may benefit from tailored interventions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the nature and prevalence of alexithymia in autism using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS).Methods:Online scientific databases were searched systematically for studies on ASD popu lations using the TAS. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate differences in scores between the ASD and neurotypical groups, and to determine the prevalence of alexithymia in these populations.Results:15 articles comparing autistic and neurotypical (NT) groups were identified. Autistic people scored significantly higher on all scores compared to the NT group. There was also a higher prevalence of alexithymia in the ASD group (49.93% compared to 4.89%), with a significantly increased risk of alexithymia in autistic participants.Conclusions:This review highlights that alexithymia is common, rather than universal, in ASD, supporting a growing body of evidence that co-occurring autism and alexithymia represents a specific subgroup in the ASD population that may have specific clinical needs. More research is needed to understand the nature and implications of co-occurring ASD and alexithymia.

On the Adaptive Control of the False Discovery Rate in Multiple Testing With Independent Statistics

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Benjamini ◽  
Yosef Hochberg
Keyword(s):  
False Discovery Rate ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Simultaneous Testing ◽  
Independent Test

A new approach to problems of multiple significance testing was presented in Benjamini and Hochberg (1995), which calls for controlling the expected ratio of the number of erroneous rejections to the number of rejections–the False Discovery Rate (FDR). The procedure given there was shown to control the FDR for independent test statistics. When some of the hypotheses are in fact false, that procedure is too conservative. We present here an adaptive procedure, where the number of true null hypotheses is estimated first as in Hochberg and Benjamini (1990), and this estimate is used in the procedure of Benjamini and Hochberg (1995). The result is still a simple stepwise procedure, to which we also give a graphical companion. The new procedure is used in several examples drawn from educational and behavioral studies, addressing problems in multi-center studies, subset analysis and meta-analysis. The examples vary in the number of hypotheses tested, and the implication of the new procedure on the conclusions. In a large simulation study of independent test statistics the adaptive procedure is shown to control the FDR and have substantially better power than the previously suggested FDR controlling method, which by itself is more powerful than the traditional family wise error-rate controlling methods. In cases where most of the tested hypotheses are far from being true there is hardly any penalty due to the simultaneous testing of many hypotheses.

Structuring School Structure

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Mehan
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Effects ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Classroom Organization ◽  
New Approach ◽  
School Structures ◽  
School Events

In this article Hugh Mehan calls for a new approach to the study of schooling. He notes that the research methods that dominated the study of school effects in the last two decades—large-scale surveys and field observation—have failed to examine the processes by which school participants create school structures. The approach Mehan advocates, "constitutive ethnography," would give equal attention to the processes as well as the outcomes of structuring activities. He outlines the method of constitutive ethnography and illustrates its application in studies of classroom organization, testing encounters, and counseling sessions. Mehan concludes by calling for "constitutive career studies" of individuals as they participate in a range of school events.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Most-Cited Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis in Acupuncture Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Yuxi Li ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Yonggang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Maryland School ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Acupuncture Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The University

Objectives. The aim of the current study was to analyze the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the field of acupuncture research. Methods. The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve lists of 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the field of acupuncture research. Two authors screened literature, extracted data, and analyzed the results. Results. The citation number of the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses varied from 65 to 577; they were published between 1989 and 2018. Fourteen authors published more than 1 study as the corresponding author and 10 authors published more than 1 study as the first author. In terms of the corresponding authors, Edzard Ernst and Linde Klaus published the most systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n = 7). The USA published most of the systematic reviews or meta-analyses (n = 24), followed by England (n = 23) and China (n = 14). Most institutions with more than 1 study were from England (4/13). The institutions with the largest numbers of most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses were the Technical University of Munich in Germany, the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the USA (n = 8), the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in England (n = 6), and the University of Exeter in England (n = 6). The journal with the largest number of most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses was the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (n = 20), followed by Pain (n = 6). Conclusion. Our study reveals that the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the acupuncture research field are mostly from high impact factor journals and developed countries. It will help researchers follow research hot spots, broaden their research scope, expand their academic horizons, and explore new research ideas, thereby improving the quality of acupuncture research.

scholarly journals Sh. Murtazanyń «Tamuq» shyǵarmasyndaǵy Turar obrazy [The Image of Turar in the Work «Hell» by Sh. Murtaza]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Nýsýpova A.J. Sh. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social World ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
New Research

The article examines a work based on the fate of the historical personality of Turar Ryskulov, a complex and full of struggle. We are also talking about the artistic and creative sphere of the writer, the essence of worldview and theoretical knowledge, methods and principles of the analysis of a work of art. Using a new approach, an overview of the life and creative path of T. Ryskulov, who lived and worked in the 20th century in the social world of Kazakhstan, is made. The article reveals the artistic solution of the work «Tamuk» («Underworld») by the writer who introduced a new trend in Kazakh literature, including Kazakh prose, sh. Murtaza. In addition, the formation of a writer as a writer and his new research in this direction, thematic-ideological, stylistic-linguistic, genre characteristics are considered in close connection with the literary process. The work «Tamuk» extensively analyzes the worldview of T. Ryskulov, his deep thoughts. В статье рассматривается произведение, в основе которого лежит судьба исторической личности Турара Рыскулова, сложная и полная борьбы. Речь идет также о художественно-творческой сфере писателя, сущности мировоззрения и теоретических знаний, способах и принципах анализа художественного произведения. Используя новый подход, сделан обзор жизненного и творческого пути Т. Рыскулова, жившего и творившего в 20 веке в общественном мире Казахстана. В статье раскрывается художественное решение произведения «Тамук» («Преисподняя») писателя, внесшего новое направление в казахскую литературу, в том числе и в казахскую прозу, Ш. Муртазы. Кроме того, становление писателя как писателя и его новые исследования в этом направлении, тематико-идеологические, стилистико-лингвистические, жанровые характеристики рассматриваются в тесной связи с литературным процессом. В произведении «Тамук» подробно анализируется мировоззрение Т. Рыскулова, его глубокие мысли.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document