Word-finding strategies in closed head injured adults

Word-finding difficulties are a common and prominent language deficit following closed head injury. The word-finding difficulties of three closed head injured patients were investigated within the framework of compensatory strategies using Teicher's Taxonomy of Word-Finding Strategies (Teicher, 1986). The word-finding difficulties were evaluated during procedural discourse and two confrontation naming conditions. Each subject's communicative competence and language ability was determined. Results indicated that all subjects employed a wide range of strategies, particularly during confrontation naming, but with differential effectiveness. A relationship was noted between the strategy's effectiveness and the subject's pragmatic ability. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on head injury. The theoretical and clinical implications are considered.

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WAIS Performance during the Acute Recovery Stage following Closed-Head Injury

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.99 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 99-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert E. Correll ◽

Shirley E Brodginski ◽

Saundra F. Rokosz

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Control Group ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

Information Processing Deficits ◽

Injured Patients

WAIS profiles of 50 acute closed head-injured patients were examined and compared with those of 40 psychiatric inpatients. Patients with moderate and severe, but not with mild, head injury differed significantly from the control group on level of subtest performance. There was no significant interaction of group by subtest. The groups also differed significantly on a measure of between-subtest scatter. Discriminant function analysis incorporating measures of within-subtest scatter correctly classified 89% of all subjects. Within the head-injured group Similarities and Block Design scores were elevated, and the Digit Symbol score depressed. These results indicate that closed head-injured patients can be discriminated from psychiatric inpatients on the basis of WAIS performance, but that they do not necessarily show a characteristic WAIS profile. Within-subtest scatter may indicate information-processing deficits.

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Stresses upon the Relatives of Head-Injured Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.133.6.507 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 133 (6) ◽

pp. 507-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Michael Oddy ◽

Michael Humphrey ◽

David Uttley

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Personality Changes ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Injured Patients

SummaryAs part of a prospective study of closed head injury, 54 relatives were interviewed within a month of the patient's accident and again six and twelve months later.The degree of stress on the relatives was measured by means of the Wakefield Depression Scale and by interview questions.The worst period of stress for the majority of relatives appeared to be during the first month after the accident. However, the degree of stress appeared to level off by the sixth month and no further diminution was found at twelve months.Stress was apparently mediated by the relatives' perception of personality changes and subjective defects. It was not affected by the severity of the head injury or associated disabilities, nor by whether the patient had resumed work and leisure activities.The nature of the stress is analysed and methods of alleviating it discussed.

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The Psychological Adjustment Of Adult Clients & Their Parents Following Closed-Head Injury

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.17.1.28 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Terry Karpman ◽

Sandra Wolfe ◽

James W. Vargo

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Head Injury ◽

Psychological Adjustment ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

Injured Patients ◽

Depth Interviews

This study explored the process of the psychological adjustment of 20 head-injured adults and their parents. In-depth interviews were conducted with all participants, then content analyzed using a synthesis of the procedures used by Calaizzi (1978), Collier and Kuiken (1976), and Vargo (1984). The content analysis resulted in 15 themes for the head-injured participants, and 12 for the parent participants. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for head-injured patients and their parents.

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The communicative and congnitive deficits following closed-head injury

South African Journal of Communication Disorders ◽

10.4102/sajcd.v33i1.322 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lesley Irvine ◽

Marlene Behrmann

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Language Use ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Current View ◽

Language Form ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

Injured Patients

The communicative and cognitive deficits of three closed-head injured patients were investigated within the framework of language form, language use, and cognitive ability. A battery of tests was administered and results indicated a degree of cognitive impairment in all subjects. The balance between the language form and language use skills was subject-specific. These findings supported the current view of heterogeneity within the closed-head injured population as well as the view that a language disorder may result from an underlying cognitive deficit. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on head injury. The theoretical and clinical implications are considered.

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Protein and glucose metabolism during isolated closed-head injury

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.4.e636 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (4) ◽

pp. E636-E641 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. J. Flakoll ◽

L. S. Wentzel ◽

S. A. Hyman

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Physiological State ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Whole Body ◽

Glucose Turnover ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

Injured Patients

Patients with isolated closed-head injuries are characterized by excessive nitrogen loss, hyperglycemia, and increased caloric demand. However, the relative contributions of specific metabolic events such as protein breakdown and synthesis or glucose production and utilization to the physiological changes prevalent during isolated closed-head injury remains unestablished. By use of isotopic dilutions of L-[1-13C]leucine and D-[3-3H]glucose, components of protein and glucose metabolism were examined in patients with isolated closed-head injury (n = 7). Normal overnight-fasted volunteers (n = 8) were also studied as a reference point for comparison. Despite prevailing hyperinsulinemia (29 +/- 5 microU/ml), head-injured patients had elevated plasma leucine concentrations (183 +/- 22 vs. 144 +/- 8 mumol/l), whole body proteolysis (331 +/- 44 vs. 150 +/- 7 mg.kg-1.h-1), protein synthesis (248 +/- 38 vs. 126 +/- 11 mg.kg-1.h-1), and amino acid oxidation (84 +/- 11 vs. 23 +/- 3 mg.kg-1.h-1). Therefore nitrogen loss normally associated with isolated closed-head injury is primarily due to an increase in the rate of whole body proteolysis, with a greater proportion of the resultant amino acids being oxidized for energy. Furthermore, head-injured patients were hyperglycemic (6.7 +/- 0.3 mumol/l) with increased rates of glucose turnover (an estimate of production and utilization) compared with the controls (4.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1). Hence, these data suggest that head injury, even in the absence of peripheral trauma, induces a physiological state of accelerated metabolism associated with resistance to insulin action.

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Mild closed head injury and cognitive deficits in spinal-cord-injured patients: incidence and impact

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/00001199-198606000-00007 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 31-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jeri Morris ◽

Elliot Roth ◽

Gary Davidoff

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Head Injury ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Closed Head ◽

Injured Patients ◽

Spinal Cord Injured

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Word-finding in the conversational discourse of children with closed head injury

Aphasiology ◽

10.1080/02687039708250462 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 877-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Faye Jordan ◽

Kylie Ward ◽

Sue Cremona-meteyard

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Conversational Discourse ◽

Word Finding ◽

Closed Head

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Concept formation and problem-solving following closed head injury in children

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617797005985 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 598-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

HARVEY S. LEVIN ◽

JAMES SONG ◽

RANDALL S. SCHEIBEL ◽

JACK M. FLETCHER ◽

HARRIET HARWARD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Focal Lesion ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head ◽

Gcs Score ◽

The Impact

To further investigate the usefulness of 3 purported measures of executive function (EF) in head injured children, we administered the Twenty Questions Test (TQT), Tower of London (TOL), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to 151 children who had sustained a closed head injury (CHI) of varying severity about 3 years earlier. In addition, we tested 89 normal controls. Fifty-seven of the patients were included in a longitudinal study that compared performance at 3 months and 36 months. All of the head injured children underwent magnetic resonance imaging for investigational purposes. Severity of CHI, as defined by the lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, affected performance on all 3 EF measures. Focal lesion volume incremented prediction of performance on TOL and WCST, but not TQT. Moderate intercorrelations of the test variables were obtained. Although all three EF measures depicted changes in performance over 3 years, a ceiling effect detracted from the sensitivity of the TOL to the impact of CHI on development. Implications of the findings for clinical applications are discussed. (JINS, 1997, 3, 598–607.)

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Differential pragmatic language loss after closed head injury: Ability to comprehend conversational implicature

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716400005658 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 295-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Skye McDonald

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Pragmatic Language ◽

Language Loss ◽

Indirect Speech ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Indirect Speech Acts ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head

AbstractTwo experiments in which 2 closed-head-injured (CHI) subjects and 12 non-brain-damaged control subjects took part investigated the capacity to comprehend indirect speech acts. In the first experiment, the subjects were required to interpret conventional indirect speech acts. One CHI subject, but not the other, had trouble rejecting the literal meaning. In the second experiment, the subjects were required to interpret the meaning behind two literally conflicting sentences. While the control subjects interpreted these as representing a sarcastic exchange, the CHI subjects were unable to provide an adequate explanation. The results were interpreted in terms of common cognitive deficits after closed head injury.

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