Nutritive value of corn, barley, wheat and oats fed with medium quality hay to fattening steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dion ◽  
J. R. Seoane
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two large-frame crossbred steers (443 ± 5 kg) were used to determine the nutritive value of cracked corn, rolled barley, rolled oats and rolled wheat in finishing diets for beef cattle fed medium-quality grass hay. Diets contained about 54% grains, 40% grass hay and 6% of a supplement of minerals, vitamins and lasalocid. Total daily dry matter (DM) intake ranged from 9.52 to 10.24 kg, average daily gain from 1.09 to 1.17 kg and gain to feed ratio from 0.113 to 0.121, but these values were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibilities of DM and energy of steers receiving the oats diet were lower than those of steers receiving the wheat diet (P < 0.05), the other diets having intermediate values. Apparent digestion coefficient of protein was higher for the oats diet (P < 0.05) than for other diets. Acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) and starch digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in steers receiving corn than in those receiving barley, oats or wheat. The results indicate that nutritive value of all diets was similar. Key words: Grains, fattening steers, digestibility

MONENSIN, CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND TYLOSIN EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN LAMBS FED A GROUND ALFALFA DIET

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementing a control diet of ground alfalfa (CON) with monensin (MON), chlortetracycline (CTC) or tylosin (TYL) did not affect (P < 0.05) dry matter intake or average daily gain of market lambs. Feed efficiency with CTC was less than with the unsupplemented control (CON) (6.22 vs. 5.68) (P < 0.05). Mean digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.05) with all antibiotic treatments than the CON diet. Relative to CON, nitrogen digestibility was increased with MON (66.3 vs. 70.9%) while that of energy was reduced with TYL (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments. MON, CTC and TYL were not effective supplements for lambs fed alfalfa finishing diets. Key words: lamb, chlortetracycline, monensin, tylosin, alfalfa hay, digestibility

scholarly journals The Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Black Baladi Kids Fed Diets with Graded Quantities of Sweet Lupin Grain (Lupinus angustifolius)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Belal S. Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

A study was conducted to examine how lupin grains (LUPs) feeding affected nutritional intake, digestibility, growth, and carcass characteristics in kids. A total of 24 growing black kids (initial body weight (BW) = 16.4 ± 0.49 kg) were allocated to one of three diets at random. Lupin was included in the diet at a rate of 0 (control; CON), 100 (LUP100), or 200 g/kg (LUP200) of total dry matter (DM). The trial lasted for 91 days divided into 7 and 84 days to be used for adaptation and data collection, respectively. Feed intake was evaluated daily throughout the study. At the commencement and the end of the study, each kid’s body weight was measured to determine its average daily gain (ADG). On day 70, 5 kids were chosen at random from each group to investigate nutrient in vivo digestibility and N balance. At the end of the study, all of the kids were slaughtered to examine carcass features. Nutrient intakes (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract) were higher (p ≤ 0.01) in LUP-containing diets than in the CON diet. The average daily gain was greater (p ≤ 0.03) in diets containing lupin grains than in the CON diet. Cost of gain ($US/kg growth) was lower (p = 0.004) in kids fed diets containing lupin than the CON diet. Dry matter and CP digestibility rates were greater (p ≤ 0.03) in lupin diets. Retained N was higher (p = 0.04) in lupin-containing diets than in the CON diet. Cold carcass weight was higher (p < 0.05) for kids consuming the LUP100 diet than the CON diet. In lupin diets, carcass cut weights were higher (p < 0.05). Results of the current study indicate that feeding black kids diets containing lupin grains at 100 or 200 g/kg DM basis is cost effective and would increase profitability.

scholarly journals Impact of corn silage moisture at harvest on performance of growing steers with supplemental rumen undegradable protein, finishing steer performance, and nutrient digestibility by lambs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Henry Hilscher ◽  
Dirk B Burken ◽  
Curt J Bittner ◽  
Jana L Gramkow ◽  
Robert G Bondurant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Abstract Three experiments evaluated delaying corn silage harvest, silage concentration, and source of supplemental protein on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. Experiment 1 used 180 crossbred yearling steers (body weight [BW] = 428; SD = 39 kg) to evaluate corn silage dry matter (DM) (37% or 43%) and replacing corn with silage (15% or 45% of diet DM) in finishing diets containing 40% modified distillers grains with solubles. Experiment 2 used 60 crossbred steers (BW = 271; SD = 32 kg) to evaluate corn silage harvest DM (37% or 43%) and response to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) supplementation (0.5%, 1.4%, 2.4%, 3.3%, or 4.2% of diet DM) in silage growing diets. Experiment 3 used 9 crossbred lambs (BW = 30.1; SD = 4.1 kg) to evaluate nutrient digestibility of 37% or 43% DM corn silage in silage growing diets fed ad libitum or restricted to 1.5% of BW. In experiment 1, as corn silage concentration increased from 15% to 45%, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Carcass-adjusted final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for steers fed 45% corn silage compared to 15% when fed for equal days. As DM of corn silage was increased from 37% to 43%, no differences (P ≥ 0.30) in dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, G:F, or HCW were observed. In experiment 2, as DM of corn silage increased from 37% to 43%, ADG and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Increasing supplemental RUP in the diet increased (P ≤ 0.05) ending BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly as supplemental RUP increased from 0.5% to 4.2%. In experiment 3, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.56) in DM digestibility and organic matter digestibility between silage harvest DM and intake level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) for lambs fed the delayed harvest corn silage compared to earlier corn silage harvest. As silage harvest was delayed from 37% to 43% DM, NDF digestibility decreased (P &lt; 0.01) from 64.39% to 53.41%. Although increasing corn silage concentration in place of corn in finishing diets reduced ADG and G:F, delayed silage harvest did not affect performance of finishing cattle. Delayed silage harvest in growing cattle resulted in lower ADG and G:F, possibly due to increased starch or maturity leading to decreased NDF digestibility. The addition of RUP to silage-based, growing diets improves performance by supplying more metabolizable protein and suggests RUP of corn silage is limiting.

AGRONOMIC AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. AND ITS VALUE AS A SILAGE CROP FOR GROWING BEEF CATTLE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GRIMSON ◽  
R. P. STILBORN ◽  
R. J. VOLEK ◽  
P. K. GUMMESON ◽  
G. E. RIEMER
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soil Measurements ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Daily Gain

Kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.) was grown on land irrigated with packinghouse wastewater and ensiled in a plastic silo bag. Kochia dry matter (DM) yield and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), Na, Mg, Mn, and Cu contents (DM basis) were correlated with some soil measurements. Alfalfa silage was replaced with kochia silage in a basal diet at levels of one-half (35% of diet DM) or all (70% of diet DM) of the roughage. The diets were fed to 120 calves (initial weight 294 kg) for 70 d in a completely randomized experiment with three treatments (kochia, kochia and alfalfa, and alfalfa) and four pen replicates. Inclusion of either 35 or 70% kochia silage in the diet DM depressed (P < 0.01) DM intake (DMI) by 23.3 and 50.1%, respectively, compared with calves fed the basal diet. Average daily gain (ADG) and final bodyweight of the calves fed kochia silage were both less (P < 0.01) than those fed the basal diet. DM conversion to liveweight gain ratios (DM: G) were 13.91, 8.42, and 7.15 when the diets contained (DM basis) 70, 35, or 0% kochia silage, respectively. Over the 42-d period following the trial, the calves that had received kochia silage tended (P = 0.078) to gain faster than those that had been fed the basal diet. The reduction in DMI observed when kochia silage was fed appeared to be the result of advanced maturity and weather damage of the kochia and not due to apparent toxic effects. Key words: Kochia, silage, beef cattle, soil salinity

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fecal microbial flora in growing pigs fed diets containing Spirulina

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-847
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
Y.S. Han ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Gpx Activity

The present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) supplementation in growing pigs. A total of 140 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.32 ± 1.36 kg] were randomly distributed to one of four treatments: control, basal diet; treatment 1, basal diet + 0.025% SP; treatment 2, basal diet + 0.050% SP; and treatment 3, basal diet + 0.100% SP. Growing pigs fed 0.050% SP diet had greater (P < 0.05) body weight and fecal Lactobacillus counts compared with pigs fed basal diet. Average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 0.050% and 0.100% SP diets as compared with pigs fed basal diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for pigs fed 0.050% SP diet tended to increase compared with pigs fed basal diet (P < 0.10). Pigs fed 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% SP had a higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity than pigs fed basal diet. In conclusion, SP supplementation improved growth performance and ATTD of DM, increased the SOD and GPx activity, and enhanced the fecal Lactobacillus counts in growing pigs.

GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND VOLUNTARY INTAKE BY YEARLING STEERS GRAZING TIMOTHY (Phleum pratense) OR MEADOW FOXTAIL (Alopecurus pratensis) PASTURES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. RODE ◽  
W. L. PRINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to compare the performance of animals grazing meadow foxtail or timothy pastures. In the first experiment, yearling Hereford steers continuously grazed timothy or meadow foxtail pastures (two 2.0-ha pastures/treatment using a put-and-take grazing system for three consecutive years). Carrying capacity was 443 and 501 animal-days ha−1 for timothy and meadow foxtail, respectively (P<0.01). Average daily gain was 1.13 and 0.79 kg d−1 for steers grazing timothy and meadow foxtail, respectively (P < 0.01). Despite a lower carrying capacity, timothy pastures produced more 502 vs. 391 kg liveweight ha−1 yr−1 than meadow foxtail pastures (P < 0.01). In the second experiment, lignin and chromium mordanted fiber were used as dual markers to estimate digestibility and voluntary intake of grazed forage by four mature fistulated steers (two steers/treatment) over the grazing season. Digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were greater for timothy than for meadow foxtail (P <0.01) but no differences were observed for DM and digestible DM intake. Differences in forage quality, forage DM available for grazing or DM digestibility were not sufficient to explain the lower performance of steers grazing meadow foxtail compared to timothy. Key words: Pasture, forage quality, animal performance, timothy, meadow foxtail, beef cattle

scholarly journals Use of feed enzymes in feedlot finishing diets

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
D. Karren
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Basis

An enzyme mixture with predominantly xylanase and cellulase activities was added to a high concentrate diet (92.2%, dry matter basis) and fed to growing heifers (370 kg) reared in a commercial feedlot. Enzyme supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake but increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain by 9% (1.40 to 1.53 kg d−1) and numerically improved feed-to-gain ratio by 10% (7.72 to 6.95 kg dry matter kg−1 gain). Feed enzyme technology can improve efficiency of commercial feedlot cattle production. Key words: Beef cattle, feedlot cattle, enzymes, barley

Prediction of liveweight gain by growing cattle fed silages of contrasting digestibility, supplemented with or without barley

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith ◽  
O. B. Allen ◽  
D. M. Veira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of average daily gain (ADG) predictions based on digestible energy (DE) estimated from acid detergent fiber (ADF) and on the nutrient requirements of beef cattle when applied to growing cattle fed silages of contrasting digestibilities with or without barley. A feeding trial was conducted with 45 Charolais × Simmental calves fed either a control silage (early cut, E) with no barley or two other silages (medium cut, M; late cut, L) fed with (M + barley and L + barley) or without 60% dry-matter (DM) basis rolled barley in the diet. Total dry-matter intake (DMI) of diet E was higher (P < 0.05) than that of diets M and L. The addition of barley in diets M + barley and L + barley led to an increase (P < 0.05) in total DMI. ADG of steers fed diet E was higher (P < 0.05) than that of steers fed diets M and L but lower (P < 0.05) than that of steers fed diets M + barley and L + barley. A digestion trial was conducted concurrently, using five steers fed at 90% ad libitum. The apparent digestibility values of the DM for the five diets tested were (E) 68.5, (M) 60.8, (L) 56.8, (M + barley) 70.8 and (L + barley) 70.1%. Gains predicted when forage DE was estimated from ADF or determined in vivo were, respectively, 57 and 92.6% of observed values. When barley–supplemented diets were studied separately, it was apparent that most of the prediction error was due to the inability to predict forage DE from ADF. Further research is needed to develop methods to accurately predict the energy content of forage silages grown in Canada. Key words: Energy, forages, silages, cattle

Performance of beef Guzerat and Guzerat-cross bulls during the feedlot, and carcass traits of Guzerat-cross groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Diniz ◽  
S. D. J. Villela ◽  
M. H. F. Mourthé ◽  
P. V. R. Paulino ◽  
A. V. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate performance and carcass traits of Guzerat-based beef bulls. In experiment 1, Guzerat; F1 Guzerat × Holstein (‘Guzholstein’); F1 Guzerat × Nellore (‘Guzonell’); and 1/2 Simmental + 1/4 Guzerat + 1/4 Nellore (Three-Cross) bulls (n = 12 each group) were kept in a feedlot for 84 days, receiving sorghum silage and concentrate supplement. ‘Guzholstein’ bulls had greater average daily gain (ADG; 1.7 kg/day) compared with ‘Guzonell’ (1.4 kg/day), but similar to Three-Cross and Guzerat (1.6 and 1.5 kg/day respectively). ‘Guzonell’ bulls gained less bodyweight (BW; 85.8 kg); however, the gain : feed ratio did not differ among groups. Dry matter intake (DMI) was less for Guzerat (11.8 kg) compared with other groups (12.4, 12.4, and 12.6 kg for ‘Guzholstein’, ‘Guzonell’, and Three-Cross respectively); DMI, as a percentage of BW, was lesser for Three-Cross bulls (2.5%) compared with other groups (2.7%, 2.8%, and 2.6% for Guzerat, ‘Guzholstein’, and ‘Guzonell’ respectively). In experiment 2, 18 bulls from experiment 1 were randomly selected from ‘Guzonell’, ‘Guzholstein’ and Three-Cross groups (n = 6, each breed group), transferred to a state-inspected slaughterhouse, and humanely slaughtered. Three-Cross bulls had greater carcass weight gain (80 kg), greater striploin yield (2.39%), and lesser leg yield (1.86%). ‘Guzholstein’ bulls had lesser dressing-out percentage and greater liver yield (51.6 and 1.28% respectively), whereas ‘Guzonell’ bulls had greater rump yield (1.47%). Forequarter yield, hindquarter weight and yield, eye round, flank steak, rump skirt, topside, rump cap, head, heart, lungs and trachea, spleen, tail, and tongue yield did not differ among groups. Despite the limited number of animals used in these experiments, we can conclude that all breed groups have potential for meat production because carcass traits meet the Brazilian beef industry standards, and ‘Guzholstein’ bulls could be an option for producers to diversify revenues.

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