Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Products Marketed on the Border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946
Author(s):  
JULIANO GONÇALVES PEREIRA ◽  
VANESSA MENDONÇA SOARES ◽  
LEONARDO ERENO TADIELO ◽  
TASSIANA RAMIRES ◽  
WLADIMIR PADILHA da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT We aimed to perform serotyping and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw meats imported illegally into Brazil along the borders of Argentina and Uruguay. Distinct isolates of Salmonella spp. (n = 6) and L. monocytogenes (n = 25) obtained from 270 of these food products of earlier work were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial resistance by agar disk diffusion method. For strains that were considered phenotypically resistant, antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated: strA, strB, floR, tetA, tetB, blaZ, blaTEM, ermB, ermC, and ereB to Salmonella sp. and blaZ and mecA to L. monocytogenes. All Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella Infantis; they were multidrug resistant and harbored the genes blaTEM (n = 6), strA (n = 1), strB (n = 1), floR (n = 1), ermB (n = 1), tetA (n = 3), and tetB (n = 3). L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serovars 1/2a (n = 1), 1/2b (n = 14), 1/2c (n = 2), and 4b (n = 8), showed resistance only to penicillin G (n = 12), and did not show the blaZ and mecA genes. The results demonstrated that illegal foods that are commercialized in the Brazilian international border with Argentina and Uruguay may harbor foodborne pathogens, and some of them have multidrug resistance characteristics, such as Salmonella, emphasizing the need for greater control of international food transit in Brazil, especially in the region evaluated. HIGHLIGHTS

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Citrobacter freundii Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1951-1953
Author(s):  
Jian Cheng Xu ◽  
Li Qiang Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Citrobacter freundii is important causes of nosocomial infections.The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Citrobacter freundii isolated from the First Bethune Hospital. Disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of 432 strains of Citrobacter freundii were collected from sputum (240, 55.6%), secretions and pus (85, 19.7%), blood (58, 13.4%). All the Citrobacter freundii isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter freundii strains were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. The results suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Citrobacter freundii is necessary.

Detection of invA and blaCTM-genes in Salmonella spp isolated from febrile patients in Lagos hospitals, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kabiru O. Akinyemi ◽  
Christopher O. Fakorede ◽  
Rebecca O. Abegunrin ◽  
Samuel O. Ajoseh ◽  
Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Inva Gene ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Salmonella infections remain a global challenge. The culture method is the gold standard for the detection of genus Salmonella. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has become an effective tool for the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella by culture and detection of invA gene and blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 gene markers by PCR. A total of 612 blood samples were collected from hospitalized febrile patients between March 2020 and April 2021. The samples were cultured, isolates identified by standard method with Analytical Profile Index (API 20-E) kits and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was carried out by double-disc synergy test. Detection of invA gene and antibiotic-resistant genes makers was done by qPCR. A total of 24 Salmonella isolates were identified given a prevalence of 3.9% Salmonella-associated bacteraemia. Children within 1-10 years with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) accounted for 50% of the Salmonella isolated with a mean age of 5.299 years. Specifically, 75% (18/24) Salmonella isolates and their corresponding samples of positive Salmonella culture were positive for the invA gene. The AST results indicated 100% Salmonella isolates developed resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime , augmentin, ampicillin, ertapenem, and doripenem. None of drug resistant-Salmonella isolates expressed ESBL enzyme phenotypically. Seven resistance patterns were observed, and the pattern CAZ-CTX-OFL-AUG-NIT-AMP-ETR-DOR was the most encountered pattern. Twelve (50%) Salmonella isolates harbored the blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes and were mostly from children. The study has added to the growing knowledge on the suitability of the invA gene primer set as a PCR target for the detection of Salmonella. It also revealed a paradigm shift in the occurrence of invasive Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes in PUO cases. There is a need for judicious use of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics to preserve their efficacies.

Staphylococci among Wild European Rabbits from the Azores: A Potential Zoonotic Issue?

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARIDA SOUSA ◽  
VANESSA SILVA ◽  
ADRIANA SILVA ◽  
NUNO SILVA ◽  
JESSICA RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
European Rabbits

ABSTRACT The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6′-aph2′′, and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or “temporary hosts” of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. in calves from the Mesoregion Sertão of Alagoas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Artur Bibiano de Vasconcelos ◽  
Vitoria de Andrade ◽  
Ana Carolina Izidoro de Moraes ◽  
Elísia Maria Oliveira de Almeida Ramos ◽  
Andrezza Caroline Aragão da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

The diarrhea in calves, caused by Salmonella spp., provocates serious economic damage to cattle farming. This study aimed was to verify the occurrence of diarrhea and the isolation of strains of Salmonella spp. in diarrheal feces of calves from farms located in the Sertão from the state of Alagoas municipalities, and to characterize the in vitro resistance profile of Salmonella spp. isolated against conventional antimicrobials. The study was carried out with 431 calves from 10 to 90 days old. Of the total number of animals evaluated, 111 presented a diarrhea table, being analysed 111 samples of diarrhoeal faeces. The samples were sown in enrichment broths and selective culture media and the phenotypic and molecular characterization were performed. Among the animals evaluated, 25.75% (111/431) had diarrhea. The presence of Salmonella spp. was evidenced in 13.33% (2/15) of the studied establishments. Have been isolated 2.71% (3/111) strains of Salmonella spp. and have all been shown to be resistant to Cefotaxime and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Norfloxacin. Salmonella spp. and other infectious agents associated with diarrhea were confirmed in calves in the Sertão Alagoas mesoregion. The antimicrobial potential of the tested drugs reinforces the importance of their responsible and judicious use in the treatment of Salmonellosis, not being indicated the antibiotic therapy with Cefotaxima. The treatment based on Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin in the treatment of these animals, is recommended.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Determination of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Environment in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Asgharzadeh Marghmalek ◽  
Reza Valadan ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohtaram Nasrolahei ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background: The role of the hospital environment as a source of pathogenic bacteria in recent studies has been poorly investigated. This study investigated the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants in Enterococcus species isolated from hospital environment in Sari, Iran. Method: Overall, 90 enterococci strains were obtained from high touch surfaces of four hospitals in Sari, Iran. These environmental samples were obtained from bathroom, beds, tables, doorknobs, room keys, wheelchair and walls in the patient and staff’s rooms. The resistance profile of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. Seven resistance genes and two virulence associated genes were evaluated molecularly by multiplex PCR. Results: According to the PCR, 42 (46.66%) of them were E. faecalis and 48 (53.33%) others were detected as E. faecium. Also, 28 (66.6%) E. faecalis and 18 (37.5%) E. faecium isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among all 90 environmental isolates 54 (60%), 54 (60%), 8 (8.8%), 8 (8.8%), 60 (66.6%), 26 (28.8%), and 24 (26.6%) isolates contained tetM, tetL, vanA, vanB, ermB, aac(6´)-Ie-aph(2´´)-Ia, and aph (3´)-IIIa, respectively. Moreover, all isolates were investigated for the presence of virulence genes and 88 (97.7%) of isolates had esp gene, and 16 (17.7%) had ace.Conclusions: This report showed that the environmental isolates of Enterococcus are the major sources of antibiotic resistance genes that can transfer them to the clinical isolates of bacteria in hospital settings. An effective following strategy should be organized to clearance and stop emergence of these pathogenic bacteria.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Various Cabbage Farms and Packing Sheds in Texas

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN MARIE PRAZAK ◽  
ELSA A. MURANO ◽  
IMELDA MERCADO ◽  
GARY R. ACUFF
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiresistant Strains ◽  
Multiresistant Strain

Twenty-one isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from cabbage, environmental, and water samples were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance by the disk diffusion method. Ninety-five percent (20 of 21) of the isolates tested were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. This finding is significant, since multiresistant strains of Listeria spp. are not commonly found in nature. Eighty-five percent (17 of 20) of the multiresistant strains were resistant to penicillin, and the remaining multiresistant isolates were somewhat sensitive to penicillin. A multiresistant strain showing intermediate sensitivity to penicillin was resistant to gentamicin. One isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents except penicillin. Penicillin- and gentamicin-resistant L. monocytogenes have not previously been reported from human, food, or environmental samples. This study provides evidence of the emergence of multiresistant L. monocytogenes strains, pointing to an increase in the potential threat to human health posed by this pathogen.

scholarly journals Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
María Cruz Camacho ◽  
Yolanda Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species from wild birds in Spain, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content. During 2015–2016, tracheal samples of 242 wild birds were collected in different regions of Spain for staphylococci recovery. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype was investigated by the disk diffusion method and by PCR, respectively. The presence of the virulence genes lukF/S-PV, tst, eta, etb, etd and scn was investigated by PCR. Moreover, CoNS carrying the mecA gene were subjected to SCCmec typing. Of the tested animals, 60% were CoNS-carriers, and 173 CoNS isolates were recovered from the 146 positive animals, which belonged to 11 species, with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 118) and S. lentus (n = 25). A total of 34% of CoNS isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype, and 42 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) were detected. The isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials (percentage of resistant isolates/antimicrobial resistance genes detected): penicillin (49/ blaZ, mecA), cefoxitin (24/ mecA), erythromycin and/or clindamycin (92/ erm(B), erm(C), erm(43), msr(A), mph(C), lnu(A), lsa(B), vga(A) and sal(A)), gentamicin and/or tobramycin (5/ aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ia), streptomycin (12/str), tetracycline (17/ tet(K), tet(L), tet(M)), ciprofloxacin (4), chloramphenicol (1/ fexA), fusidic acid (86/ fusB, fusD) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (1/ dfrK). None of the isolates harbored the lukF/S-PV, eta, etb, etd and scn genes, but two S. sciuri isolates (1%) carried the tst gene. Wild birds are frequently colonized by CoNS species, especially S. sciuri. We identified scavenging on intensively produced livestock and feeding on landfills as risk factors for CoNS carriage. High proportions of MRCoNS and multidrug resistant CoNS were detected, which coupled with the presence of important virulence genes is of concern.

Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from a popular Ready-to-Eat local food (Fufu) from commercial food vendors in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba ◽  
Akosua Bonsu Karikar ◽  
Enoch Yeleliere ◽  
Patrick Takyi ◽  
Stephen Wilson Kpordze
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Microbial contamination of vended foods are of public health importance due to the potential of becoming a reservoir of foodborne pathogens and resistant strains of bacteria. This study looked at the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a popular Ready-To-Eat (RTE) traditional food, Fufu in Ghana. Sixty (60) Fufu samples were obtained from various food joints categorized as Opened, Semi-closed and Closed or Restaurants. Samples were processed and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The susceptibility profiles of the isolates were obtained by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with the EUCAST guidelines with the five antibiotics. Prevalence of E. coli was 85% and Salmonella species was 68%. Microbial count of isolated E. coli ranged from 0 to 3×106 cfu/ml. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the different modes of operations. Fufu samples from Opened, Semi-closed and Closed joints were respectively contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella species as follows: 92%, 76%; 80%, 60% and 80%, 65%. The Salmonella species showed highest resistance to erythromycin (58.5%) and E. coli species were commonly resistant to Ceftazidime (88.2%) and Ceftriaxone (94.1%). All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was detected among 27.5% of E. coli strains and 14.6% of Salmonella species. Fufu from the different eating joints in the Tamale Metropolis were substantially contaminated with multidrug resistant pathogens. The study recommends surveillance studies of resistant pathogens in foods, increased education and training of food vendors on sanitation, food handling and safety practices in the region.

scholarly journals Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽  
Nazma Khatoon ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queen’s hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e”4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Salmonella choleraesuis Isolated from Patients with Systemic Salmonellosis in Thailand

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Pichapak Sriyapai ◽  
Chaiwat Pulsrikarn ◽  
Kosum Chansiri ◽  
Arin Nyamniyom ◽  
Thayat Sriyapai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella has become a major clinical and public health problem. Southeast Asia has a high level of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and isolates resistant to both fluoroquinolone and third-generation cephalosporins. The incidence of co-resistance to both drug classes is a serious therapeutic problem in Thailand. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypic relatedness of third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis isolated from patients with systemic salmonellosis in Thailand. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar disk diffusion method, and ESBL production was detected by the combination disc method. A molecular evaluation of S. Choleraesuis isolates was performed using PCR and DNA sequencing. Then, a genotypic relatedness study of S. Choleraesuis was performed by pulse field gel electrophoresis. All 62 cefotaxime-resistant S. Choleraesuis isolates obtained from 61 clinical specimens were multidrug resistant. Forty-four isolates (44/62, 71.0%) were positive for ESBL phenotypes. Based on the PCR sequencing, 21, 1, 13, 23, 20 and 6 ESBL-producing isolates harboured the ESBL genes blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, blaCMY-2, blaACC-1 and blaTEM-1, respectively. This study also found that nine (9/62, 14.5%) isolates exhibited co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. All of the co-resistant isolates harboured at least one PMQR gene. The qnr genes and the aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene were the most prevalent genes detected. The QRDR mutation, including the gyrA (D87Y and D87G) and parC (T57S) genes, was also detected. PFGE patterns revealed a high degree of clonal diversity among the ESBL-producing isolates.

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