scholarly journals TWO ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR ANAEROBIC CULTIVATION OF BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS ATCC 25285 COMPARED TO THE EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION IN A GAS PACK SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 4035-4037
Author(s):  
Neli M. Ermenlieva ◽  
◽  
Emilia P. Georgieva ◽  
Sylvia Y. Stamova ◽  
Svetlana F. Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Cultivation of anaerobes is not a routine procedure. In most cases, it is carried out in reference laboratories with the help of special equipment, including an anaerobic chamber or anaerobic jar with Gas pack system. There are some older methods so-called the Candlejar system and the Fortner principle. The aim of the study is to compare two alternative methods for anaerobic cultivation of Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 with cultivation by Gas Pack system, which is a widely used and well studied method. We made anaerobic cultivation using the GasPack system, Candle jar and Fortner principle. The bacteria were seed in two different types of agar media - suitable for anaerobic cultivation Wilkins-Chalgren agar and Mueller-Hinton agar, useful for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The results of our study showed that in all bacterial cultures, B. fragilis ATCC 25285 demonstrated heavy growth. The Candle jar system and Fortner principle were found to be a sensitive and cost-effective alternative that might be used in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Testing the efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar for optimal antibiotic sensitivity testing response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-074
Author(s):  
Otajevwo Dafinone Festus ◽  
Osawaru Osama Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar in terms of antibiotic sensitivity testing for optimal antibiotic response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens was carried out in this study. Clinical bacterial pathogens used for the study were Pseudomonas aerµginosa, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Standard and locally manufactured antibiotic discs used were by Abtek Biologicals Ltd, Liverpool and Maxicare Medical Laboratory, Nigeria respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was by agar diffusion method. Pure cultures of each isolate were subcultured on sterile Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media after which the standard and locally manufactured discs were aseptically impregnated on the media. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs aerobically after appropriate labeling. Zones of inhibition were measured by standard methods and recorded. On Nutrient agar, standard and locally produced ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs did not produce zones of inhibition significantly different from each other at both 95% and 99% confidence intervals (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). On Mueller Hinton agar, standard and locally manufactured ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition that were significantly different from each other at 95% confidence interval (P ˂ 0.05). Standard and local ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition on MHA and NA which were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). Standard discs used recorded better zones of inhibition on MHA compared to the local discs. Standard and local discs zones of inhibition on MHA was however not significantly different from those recorded on NA (P ˃ 0.05). Standard discs therefore, did not produce better zones of inhibition over local discs on MHA and on NA. On the whole, the use of MHA for antibiotic sensitivity testing did not record greater (better) zones of inhibition than those recorded on NA except for standard ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin discs over the corresponding local discs on MHA only. Findings did not convincingly establish better performance of standard discs over local discs whether used on MHA or NA. Further studies in this direction is recommended.

Abstract WP338: Combined Coiling and Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy Could be a More Cost-effective Alternative to Coiling Alone

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Adibi ◽  
Arindom Sen ◽  
Alim P Mitha
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Allogeneic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Cell Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Introduction: Recurrence of intracranial aneurysms following endovascular therapy in 20% of patients remains the only major disadvantage of this treatment. For this reason, a significant amount of research has been carried out, focused on reducing the incidence of recurrence. In recent years, a variety of cell therapy modalities using fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endothelial progenitor cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been tested in animal models as a means to improve the outcome of the treatment. However, it remains unclear whether preventing recurrence using cell therapy is a more cost-effective alternative to retreating recanalized aneurysms. In this study, we have used a Markov model approach to determine efficacy thresholds at which combined coiling and cell therapy becomes a more cost-effective treatment than coiling alone. Hypothesis: Combined coiling and cell therapy will be more cost-effective than coiling alone, if it reduces the need for retreatment by 50% or more. Methods: The cell therapy was assumed to be aimed at reducing the need for retreatment. A Markov model was used to compare coiling alone with combined coiling and autologous/allogeneic cell therapy. Model inputs were mostly taken from meta-analyses. Sensitivity analysis was performed to predict efficacy thresholds that make cell therapy more cost-effective than coiling alone. Robustness of the model was assessed through further sensitivity testing focused on variables with the highest impact on the outcome. Results: Sensitivity analysis showed that coiling with autologous cell therapy becomes more cost-effective than coiling alone, if it reduces the need for retreatment by 39.9% or more. When allogeneic cell are used, a reduction of 13.3% or more in the need for retreatment is enough the make combined coiling and cell therapy more cost-effective. Conclusions: Our preliminary analysis suggests that efficacy thresholds at which combined coiling and cell therapy becomes more cost-effective than coiling alone are modest - especially for allogeneic MSC therapies. This makes combined coiling and cell therapy a viable alternative to the current standard-of-care from a cost-utility standpoint, and justifies further research and investment in the field.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Zakaria Mia ◽  
Masum Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) causing pathogens with their sensitivity to different antibiotics was performed with a total of 96 samples from both male (n=31; 32.3%) and female (n=65; 67.7%) of different age groups. Out of 96 urine samples, 55 (57.3%) were found positive after culturing in MacConkey agar plates. The percent distribution of positive cases against collected samples was higher for female (67%) than male (32%). However, female and male at the reproductive age of 16-30 years were more susceptible to UTI. A total of 55 bacterial isolates were identified by conventional methods and their antibiotic sensitivity was tested using Mueller- Hinton agar plates. The predominant isolates were Escherichia coli (34.5%), Klebsiella sp. (18.2%) and Staphylococci (20.0%). The sensitivity pattern for most of the isolated organisms showed 50% and/or higher sensitivity to imipenem, azithromycin and cephalexin, except Staphylococci (only 9.09% to azithromycin). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14491 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 53-58, 2013

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Food Handlers in Duhok City

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Masood A. Abdulrahman ◽  
Arazoo I. Taher
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Food handlers harbouring S. aureus on their noses or in hands are considered as the main source of food contamination. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is a serious issue. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus among food handlers in restaurants of Duhok city. Nasal and hand swabs were taken from 200 food handlers. The collected swabs inoculated on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48h. Isolates identified as S. aureus underwent antimicrobial sensitivity testing to methicillin and vancomycin on Mueller Hinton agar. A total of 74 (37%) out of 200 cultures of food handlers were found to be colonized with S. aureus.53 (26.5%) isolated from the nose, compared with 8 (4.0%) from hands and 13 (6.5%) from both. 27% of the food handlers were found to be MRSA carrier, and none of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycin. The study revealed a high prevalence of MRSA among food handlers in Duhok city. Food handlers in public places are required to go through regular screening for both nasal and skin carriage of S. aureusfor the early detection and treatment of carriers. So as to protect the community from staphylococcal food poisoning and the spread of resistant S. aureus strains among the population.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Southeast Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Stewart ◽  
E. P. Price ◽  
K Schabacker ◽  
M Birikmen ◽  
P. N. A. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Lactamase Gene

Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacteriaceae represent a major threat to human health. Here, we captured 288 3GC-R Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates from 264 patients presenting at a regional Australian hospital over a 14-month period. Alongside routine mass spectrometry speciation and antibiotic sensitivity testing, isolates were examined using rapid (∼40 min) real-time PCR assays targeting the most common extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups, plus blaTEM, blaSHV, and an internal 16S ribosomal DNA control). AmpC CMY β-lactamase (blaCMY) prevalence was also examined. Escherichia coli (80.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%) were dominant, with Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae infrequently identified. Ceftriaxone and cefoxitin resistance were identified in 97.0% and 24.5% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Consistent with global findings in Enterobacteriaceae, most (98.3%) isolates harbored at least one β-lactamase gene, with 144 (50%) encoding blaCTX-M-1 group, 92 (31.9%) blaCTX-M-9 group, 48 (16.7%) blaSHV, 133 (46.2%) blaTEM, and 34 (11.8%) blaCMY. A subset of isolates (n=98) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the presence of cryptic resistance determinants, and to verify genotyping accuracy. WGS of β-lactamase negative or carbapenem-resistant isolates identified uncommon ESBLs and carbapenemases, including blaNDM and blaIMP, and confirmed all PCR-positive genotypes. We demonstrate that our PCR assays enable the rapid and cost-effective identification of ESBLs in the hospital setting, which has important infection control and therapeutic implications.

Novel Cost-Effective Approaches to the Treatment of Community-Acquired Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. S27-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W Schwarzmann
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic

OBJECTIVE To review approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with community-acquired infections. INTRODUCTION: Dramatic changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired infections have occurred during the past decade. DISCUSSION: Changes in the antibiotic sensitivity profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis that have occurred over the past several years have required modifications in empiric antibiotic selections for infections due to these pathogens. The most profound changes have occurred with S. pneumoniae, which has shown significant resistance to β-lactams by means of alteration of one or more of the five important penicillin-binding proteins. Many of these organisms have become resistant to other classes of antibiotics; some are sensitive only to vancomycin. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis have developed resistance primarily by production of β-lactamase. CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic selection process for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia relates to the site of infection and, in many cases, the in vitro sensitivity testing results or known patterns in a given geographic area.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Serogroups Isolated from Aquatic Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
E.A. Bereznyak ◽  
A.V. Trishina ◽  
I.V. Arhangelskaya ◽  
I.R. Simonova ◽  
O.S. Chemisova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
The City

Introduction: The wide spread of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains resistant to antibacterial drugs and the variability of antibiotic resistance spectrum are of interest and require regional monitoring studies. Our objective was to accumulate basic information on the state of antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated from water bodies in the city of Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods: Water samples were taken at stationary sites of open reservoirs from May through September 2016–2018. We established sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains to antibiotics recommended for emergency prevention and treatment of cholera by their serial dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: We found that representatives of O16 and O76 serogroups prevailed among 361 isolated V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains during the study period. Monoresistant phenotypes were represented by furazolidone-resistant strains. Conclusions: We established a statistically significant increase in the percentage of strains resistant to nalidixic acid (from 4.0% to 13.3%) and chloramphenicol (from 0.5% to 4.4%) in 2016–2018. Resistance to those two antimicrobial drugs was observed in more than one third of the strains. The most common phenotypes were co-trimoxazole/furazolidone and furazolidone/ampicillin. In 2016, the percentage of such phenotypes was 21.4% and 14.8%, in 2017 – 20.0% and 10.6%, and in 2018 – 20.0% and 15.5%, respectively. When analyzing the microorganisms isolated in 2016–2018 and sensitive to three or more antibiotics, we established significant differences indicating the growth of multidrug-resistant microorganisms belonging to V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroups.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial sensitivity of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from layers in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1124-1127
Author(s):  
Ima Fauziah ◽  
Widya Asmara ◽  
Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Special Region

Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC) is an upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. Its clinical symptoms are swollen face and malodorous sinus exudate. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of A. paragallinarum isolates from layers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 30 layers that showed IC symptoms. The colony and cell morphology were observed with Gram staining; then, biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, and motility tests, and carbohydrate fermentation tests using lactose, maltose, mannitol, and sorbitol) were performed to the suspected colony to identify A. paragallinarum. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using several antibiotic disks against A. paragallinarum isolates that were cultured on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Results: Out of 30 samples, 24 samples (80%) were found positive for A. paragallinarum. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AML) (100%), and chloramphenicol (C) (91.6%). The antibiotics with intermediate sensitivity were enrofloxacin (79.2%), fosfomycin (75%), and ciprofloxacin (54.2%). The isolates were most resistant to erythromycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.5%), streptomycin (83.3%), doxycycline and kanamycin (70.8%), and trimethoprim (62.5%). Conclusion: Out of the total samples, 24 samples (80%) from layers with IC symptoms were identified biochemically as A. paragallinarum. It was sensitive to AMP, AML, and C.

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