scholarly journals 薈萃甄別的朱學體現：《孟子集義精要》探析

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 001-034
Author(s):  
李蕙如 李蕙如
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Full Version ◽  
Language Class ◽  
National Palace Museum ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Valuable Point

<p>朱熹《四書章句集注》字字斟酌，得未前有。朱熹逝後，盧孝孫取《語類》、《文集》之說，逐章逐句，討論發明，輯為一百卷《四書集義》，但內容既雜，元儒劉因病其繁冗，乃約其精要，輯成《四書集義精要》一書。不但凸顯朱子尊程用意、說解典制會通諸說、補充引而未發之語、刪削浮辭標舉要領，亦能別白諸家矛盾之處，既有保存之功，又有刪略識見，純正客觀，使之不惑於多歧。有助於了解朱熹《四書章句集注》真義，以及元儒於朱注的反省與發展。本文嘗試在經學與理學的視域中，檢覈劉因《四書集義精要》中的「孟子」部分如何薈萃甄別朱子之說，對於朱學流傳北方以及四書註解的開展，尤其是以朱證朱方式的確立，提供可以檢視的依據。另外，本文所用底本為臺北故宮所藏為罕見的完整版本，尚未被學界大量使用。其可貴之處，不僅是刊雕精緻，後世未見翻刻、少見流傳，使它更有價值。藉由本文之研究，當使此一善本更受學術界重視。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Zhu Xi&rsquo;s &ldquo;Notes on Four Books and Chapters&rdquo; has repeatedly changed, and his books are very different from each other. Therefore, after Zhu Xi&rsquo;s death, Lu Xiaosun took &ldquo;Language Class&rdquo; and &ldquo;Collection of Works,&rdquo; said one by one, discussing the invention, and the series was one hundred. Volume &quot;Four Book Sets Righteousness&quot;, but the contents are both complex, Yuan Confucian Liu because of its tedious, it is about its essence, compiled into &quot;four books to set the essence of essence&quot; book. It not only highlights Zhu Zi&rsquo;s intentions in the process, but also explains why the system resolves the problem, supplements the unspoken language, and eliminates the need for evasive presentations. It can also highlight the conflicts, save the power, and delete it. Seeing, pure and objective, does not confuse it. It is helpful to understand the true meaning of Zhu Xi’s Notes on the Four Books and Chapters, and the reflection and development of Confucianism and Confucianism. This article tries to examine how the &ldquo;Mencius&rdquo; part of Liu&rsquo;s &ldquo;Four Men’s Book Collection Essays&rdquo; is a metaphor for the screening of Zhu Zi in the perspective of classics and Confucianism. The establishment of the Zhu Zhu Zhu method provides the basis for inspection. In addition, the base used in this article is a rare full version of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. It has not yet been widely used by the academic community. The valuable point is not only the fine carving, but also the later generations that have not been turned and rarely seen, making it more valuable. Through the study of this article, when making this rare book more academic attention.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Nędza koncepcji globalnych dóbr publicznych

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(60)) ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
Dominik Kopiński ◽  
Andrzej Polus
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Earth Atmosphere ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Definition Of

The Poverty of the Concept of Global Public Goods The concept of global public goods (GPG) reflects an attempt to replicate a microeconomic theory of public goods to the domain of international relations (IR). According to economic definition of public goods, which have two properties – non-rivalry and non-exclusivity, pure GPG can be consumed universally and simultaneously by (ideally) all global citizens; at the same time, no society can be excluded from its consumption. Classic examples of GPG include earth atmosphere, knowledge or financial stability. Notwithstanding the fact that pure public goods are incredibly rare, the very definition of GPG is highly problematic. This article is intended as an intervention in a critical debate about the true meaning of the GPGs. Its authors argue that to date the academic community has failed to agree on an intersubjective understanding of GPG. They also claim that the current functioning of the concept in the discourse within IR is “poor”, i.e. it is insufficiently rigorous, blurred and methodologically inconsistent. On the flip side, the way GPG has found its way to IR reflects some of the main problems that the field has been recently immersed in.

Zhu Xi’s Commentarial Work

Zhu Xi ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Great Learning ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Mean

This chapter presents a translation of chapters 1–11 of Abiding in the Mean and the Constant (sometimes translated as the Doctrine of the Mean), one of the Four Books, along with Zhu Xi’s commentary. For Zhu Xi all thirteen classics were precious, but he developed a graded curriculum. At the top he placed the Four Books: the Great Learning (Daxue大學‎), Analects (Lunyu論語‎), Mengzi (孟子‎), and Abiding in the Mean and the Constant (Zhongyong中庸‎). Their appeal, he wrote, was their “ease, immediacy, and brevity.” Pattern-principle could be more readily investigated and accessed in these four works than in any other text, or in any other thing. Only when they had fully mastered these four texts would Zhu encourage students to turn to the previously authoritative Five Classics (the Classic of Changes, Odes, Book of Documents, Book of Rites, and Spring and Autumn Annals).

Chông Yagyong (Tasan) (1762–1836)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yông-Ho Ch’oe
Keyword(s):  
Government Official ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Choson Dynasty ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Choson Korea ◽  
Learning School ◽  
Intellectual Climate

Chông Yagyong was a government official and a scholar of the Sirhak (Practical Learning) school in the late Chosôn dynasty of Korea. He is also known by his literary name Tasan. A man of independent mind, Chông was not satisfied with the conventional interpretation of the Confucian classics. He immersed himself in research on the Six Classics and the Four Books, investigating a whole range of writings by scholars from the Han through the Qing dynasties and searching for the true and original intents of the ancient sages uncorrupted by later interpretations. In the course of clarifying ancient terms and concepts, he frequently challenged the orthodox views of the Song neo-Confucianism that had largely dominated the intellectual climate of Chosôn Korea. Although he frequently praised Zhu Xi, he did not hesitate to point out the shortcomings of the neo-Confucian masters.

Daxue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Wei-Ming
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Great Learning ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
The Status ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Civil Service Examinations

Originally a chapter in the Liji (Book of Rites), one of the Five Classics in the Confucian tradition, the Daxue (Great Learning) has for centuries attained the status of a canon, arguably the most influential foundational text in East Asian Confucian humanism. When the great neo-Confucian thinker Zhu Xi grouped the Daxue with the Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean), another chapter in the Liji, the Confucian Analects and the Mengzi as the Four Books, its prominence in the Confucian scriptural tradition was assured. Since the Four Books with Master Zhu’s commentaries became the required readings for the civil service examinations in 1313, and since Master Zhu insisted that the Daxue must be studied first among the Four, it has been widely acknowledged as the quintessential Confucian text.

Who Wrote the Analects?

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Liu Zongyuan ◽  
The Analects ◽  
Confucian Teachings

This chapter focuses on the Analects, which is a collection of 512 passages arranged in twenty chapters that describe what Confucius said. The chapter talks about the rationalist neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi who selected the Analects as one of the Four Books to read in order to understand Confucian teachings during the Song dynasty. It also mentions the Five Classics of Confucianism that were traditionally ascribed to Confucius in the sense that he wrote some and edited others. The chapter discusses Ban Gu, a Chinese politician and poet who provided the seminal narrative for how it was thought the Analects was compiled. It also pays attention to the poet and politician Liu Zongyuan, who expressed the opinion that disciples of Zengzi compiled the Analects.

6. Confucianism in practice

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-111
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Civil Service Examination ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Government

‘Confucianism in practice’ shows how Confucianism was played out in everyday family life, in the moral education of peasants and elite alike, and in the administration of the state. Premodern Chinese society and politics were heavily guided by Confucian principles. Prior to the thirteenth century, civil service examination candidates were expected to demonstrate mastery of the Five Classics. In 1313, with the growing influence of the Zhu Xi school, the government decreed the Four Books would now serve as the basis of the examinations. Despite undergoing frequent change and reform, the system remained intact for nearly fifteen hundred years and was a powerful force in shaping and sustaining China's cultural and social norms.

“Evaluating the Four Books” (四書評)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
The West ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Late Ming ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Four Books ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Water Margin ◽  
Li Zhi

The article is devoted to the problem of authorship of Evaluating the Four Books (Sishu ping 四書評), presenting a review of academic discussion that took place in Chinese historiography in 20th century and providing some new ideas as the continuation of this discussion in order to solve the problem. Evaluating the Four Books is often considered to be the work of Li Zhi (李贄, 1527–1602), who is famous for his original ideas and critical attitude toward neo-confucianism in the interpretation of Zhu Xi and the Cheng brothers. Li Zhi died in jail, where he was put in accordance to the order of emperor Shenzong (Era name Wanli 1572–1620), and his death attracted a lot of attention by late Ming educated people. Against the background of Li Zhi’s increased popularity, a lot of book sellers signed books with his name for commercial purposes, while in fact these books were not written by Li Zhi. We suppose that Evaluating the Four Books belongs to such type of works and give some argument for the point that it is a fabrication made by Ye Zhou (葉晝, ?–1625), a late Ming scholar who is also generally considered to be the true author of commentaries to classical Chinese novels e.g. “Water Margin”, “Romance of Three Kingdoms” and “Journey to the West”, also signed with the name of Li Zhi.

Zhu Xi (1130–1200)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Ole Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Zhu Xi ◽  
Great Learning ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Zhang Zai ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Analects

The Chinese neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi was a consummate scholar and classicist as well as a superb critical and synthetic thinker. He fused the ideas of the seminal eleventh-century thinkers Shao Yong, Zhou Tunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi into a grand philosophical synthesis. In addition, by effectively editing and annotating the essential classical Confucian texts – the Analects of Confucius – the Mengzi of Mencius, the Daxue (Great Learning) and the Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean) – as the Four Books, Zhu worked out a lasting renewal of the Confucian project.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document