Analysis of the packaging labels of cream cracker added with cashew nuts

The objective of this work was to analyze packaging labels of cream crackers added with cashew nut flour, using the information contained on the label (low saturated fat content; source of unsaturated fats; no addition of trans-fats). An online questionnaire was applied, aimed at the adult population of the city of Fortaleza, State of Ceará of both sexes. The questionnaire obtained 424 responses. The association between variables was analyzed using significance levels of 5% (p-value <0.05) and 10% (p-value <0.10). Most participants said they had information on trans-fats (87.03%) and unsaturated fats (69.10%). They also said they had the habit of reading the food label (75%), observing mainly the expiration date, brand, and price in labels on biscuit packaging. The cream cracker label option number 3 (51.65%), with the information “trans-fats free” was the most preferred among them. An association was found between schooling and choice of the label (p = 0.040), as well as between choice of label and knowledge about trans-fats (p = 0.063) and unsaturated fats (p = 0.012). The inclusion of additional information on the label implied a greater possibility of purchasing the product, while the absence of this information reduced its choice.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status on Anthropometric Development and Systemic Inflammation: An Observational Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5635

Author(s):

Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș ◽

Ștefan Adrian Martin ◽

Adela Romonți ◽

Cristina Oana Mărginean

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Total Serum ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Trans Fats ◽

Study Objective ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Total Fat

(1) Background: Daily caloric intake should aim to reduce the risk of obesity or poor anthropometric development. Our study objective was to analyze the association between food consumption, inflammatory status and anthropometric development; (2) Methods: We performed a prospective observational analytical research during September 2020 and April 2021 on a group of 160 healthy subjects, aged between 6 and 12 years old, by analyzing food ingestion, the basal metabolic rate, anthropometric development and the inflammatory status; (3) Results: IL-6 was significantly correlated to the sum of skinfolds, along with both serum proteins and triglycerides. The skin folds were significantly correlated with the caloric intake and with total fat intake, next to saturated and trans fats. Unlike the skin folds, the body weight was significantly correlated with the caloric intake along with some vitamins, such as Vitamin A and Vitamin B12. Inactive mass increased with excessive folic acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and saturated fat intake; (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory status was influenced by the ingestion of micronutrients, total serum lipids and proteins. The anthropometric development was associated with the ingestion of carbohydrates, energy balance and energy intake. We can conclude that daily menu and nutrition imbalances can influence both the risk of obesity and the inflammatory status.

Download Full-text

The Level of Processing, Nutritional Composition and Prices of Canadian Packaged Foods and Beverages with and without Gluten-Free Claims

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1183

Author(s):

Laura Vergeer ◽

Beatriz Franco-Arellano ◽

Gabriel B. Tjong ◽

Jodi T. Bernstein ◽

Mary R. L’Abbé

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Food Label ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

University Of Toronto ◽

Information Program ◽

Label Information

Little is known about the healthfulness and cost of gluten-free (GF) foods, relative to non-GF alternatives, in Canada. This study compared the extent of processing, nutritional composition and prices of Canadian products with and without GF claims. Data were sourced from the University of Toronto Food Label Information Program (FLIP) 2013 (n = 15,285) and 2017 (n = 17,337) databases. Logistic regression models examined the association of NOVA processing category with GF claims. Calorie/nutrient contents per 100 g (or mL) were compared between GF and non-GF products. Generalized linear models compared adjusted mean prices per 100 g (or mL) of products with and without GF claims. The prevalence of GF claims increased from 7.1% in 2013 to 15.0% in 2017. GF claims appeared on 17.0% of ultra-processed foods, which were more likely to bear GF claims products than less-processed categories. Median calories and sodium were significantly higher in GF products; no significant differences were observed for saturated fat or sugars. Compared to non-GF products, adjusted mean prices of GF products were higher for 10 food categories, lower for six categories and not significantly different for six categories. Overall, GF claims are becoming increasingly prevalent in Canada; however, they are often less healthful and more expensive than non-GF alternatives, disadvantaging consumers following GF diets.

Download Full-text

Assessing Overall Diet Quality: Development and Evaluation of the Performance of a Short Self-Administrated Questionnaire SCASA

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Maaike Kruseman ◽

Angeline Chatelan ◽

Eddy Farina ◽

Isabelle Carrard ◽

Jeremy Cela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Construct Validation ◽

Adult Population ◽

The Self ◽

Food Record ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Bland Altman Plot ◽

French Speaking

Several tools assessing diet quality have been developed over the last decades, but their use in public health and clinical practice is limited because they necessitate detailed quantitative assessment of food intake. Our goal was to develop and validate a score (Score d’Alimentation Saine, SCASA) based on a short self-administrated online questionnaire to assess overall diet quality. SCASA targets the adult population in French-speaking Switzerland, but it was designed in a way enabling its adaptation for other regions. The choice of the items involved experts and lay volunteers. Construct validation and inter-method reliability were assessed by screening meal plans and by comparing the self-rated scores with food-record derived scores (kappa and Bland–Altman). SCASA (17 components) discriminated adequately balanced from imbalanced meal plans (93–95% and 44–46% of maximal score). Agreement between self-assessed and food record-based scores ranged between >90% (3 items), 80–89% (3 items), 70–79% (4 items), and <70% (5 items). The Bland–Altman plot showed a mean difference of −1.60 (95% CI −2.36 to −0.84), indicating a slight overestimation of the self-assessed diet quality compared to the food record. SCASA offers a reliable way to assess overall diet quality without requiring burdensome data collection or nutrient calculations.

Download Full-text

The City, the Countryside and the Social Gospel in Late Victorian Nonconformity

Studies in Church History ◽

10.1017/s0424208400010123 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 415-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. W. Bebbington

Keyword(s):

Church Attendance ◽

Church Of England ◽

Adult Population ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Working Classes ◽

The People ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Social ◽

The City ◽

The Church

The late nineteenth-century city posed problems for English nonconformists. The country was rapidly being urbanised. By 1881 over one third of the people lived in cities with a population of more than one hundred thousand. The most urbanised areas gave rise to the greatest worry of all the churches: large numbers there were failing to attend services. The religious census of 1851 had already shown that the largest towns were the places where there were the fewest worshippers, although nonconformists gained some crumbs of comfort from the knowledge that nonconformist attendances were greater than those of the church of England. Unofficial surveys in the 1880S revealed no improvement. Instead, although few were immediately conscious of it, in that decade the membership of all the main evangelical nonconformist denominations began to fall relative to population. And it was always the same social group that was most conspicuously unreached: the lower working classes, the bottom of the social pyramid. In poor neighbourhoods church attendance was lowest. In Bethnal Green at the turn of the twentieth century, for instance, only 6.8% of the adult population attended chapel, and only 13.3% went to any place of worship. Consequently nonconformists, like Anglicans, were troubled by the weakness of their appeal.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Marketing Mix Variables on Purchasing Decisions and Its Impact on Post-Purchase Customer Satisfaction of Royal Garden Residence Bali Housing (Study at PT Properti Bali Benoa)

Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.37275/oaijss.v4i1.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 157-172

Author(s):

Edi Sugiono ◽

Andini Nurwulandari ◽

Christiani Junita

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Marketing Mix ◽

Purchase Decisions ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Product Price ◽

Average Value ◽

Decision Variables ◽

Post Purchase ◽

The City

A B S T R A C TThe research objective is to determine the effect of: marketing mix variables(product, price, location and promotion) on purchasing decision variables,marketing mix variables on customer satisfaction variables, purchasing decisionvariables on customer satisfaction variables at Royal Garden Residence Balihousing with purchase decisions as a mediating variable. . This research wasconducted in the city of Bali, with the object of research being the residentialconsumers of Royal Garden Residence Bali as the population in this study, with asample size of 150 respondents and using random sampling techniques. The datacollection method is in the form of an online questionnaire via google form andwhatsaap due to the situation in Indonesia which is currently being hit by theCovid-19 pandemic. The results of this study indicate that respondents have a goodperception of the variable marketing mix, purchase decisions and post-purchasesatisfaction Royal Garden Residence Bali. This is because the average value for allresearch variables is greater than 4 on the Likert scale. The results showed that themarketing mix variable both simultaneously and partially had a positive andsignificant effect on housing purchase decisions and the marketing mix variablehad a positive and significant effect both simultaneously and partially on consumersatisfaction after purchasing Royal Garden Residence Bali housing, and purchasingdecisions had a positive and significant effect. significant on consumer satisfactionafter purchasing the Royal Garden Residence Bali housing. Then the research alsoproves that there is an indirect influence of the marketing mix variable on consumersatisfaction after purchasing the Royal Garden Residence Bali housing through thepurchase decision. Promotion is the most dominant variable in increasingconsumer purchasing decisions for Royal Garden Residence Bali housing.

Download Full-text

Mercury and methylmercury concentration assessment in children's hair from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/s0044-59672012000200015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 279-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciana A. Farias ◽

Déborah I. T. Fávaro ◽

Artemiza Pessoa ◽

Jaime P. L. Aguiar ◽

Lúcia K. O. Yuyama

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Published Data ◽

Future Studies ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Total Hg ◽

Amazonas State ◽

The City ◽

Concentration Assessment

The present study evaluated Hg and MeHg content in hair samples of 201 children 2 to 7 years old, living in six neighborhoods of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. In general, the total Hg and MeHg median ranges in hair were similar (0.91 to 1.71 mg kg-1) except for the São Jose neighborhood, which was lower (0.16 mg kg-1). De spite the fact that the Manaus population consumes fish as part of the normal dietary intake, the Hg hair levels were below the level for an adult population not exposed to mercury (2.0 mg kg-1). These data were compared to demographic, socioeconomic information and eating habits of the families that took part in the study. The results were also compared to other published data from the Amazon region, other regions of Brazil and other countries. Future studies to set Hg and MeHg levels in hair of children in Brazil should take into account and assess the diversity of the country, mainly in terms of eating habits, socio-economic and cultural aspects.

Download Full-text

CT Scan Evaluation of Prevalence of Paradoxical Middle Turbinate In Adult Population of Bihar

Academia Anatomica International ◽

10.21276/aanat.2020.6.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 01-04

Author(s):

Raag Reeti ◽

Md Jawed Akhtar ◽

Avanish Kumar ◽

Binod Kumar ◽

Rajiv Ranjan Sinha

Keyword(s):

Convex Surface ◽

Adult Population ◽

Middle Turbinate ◽

Lateral Wall ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Common Cause ◽

Exact Test

Introduction: Middle turbinate overlying the middle meatus is the most important anatomic area in the lateral wall of the nose. It is a thinsheet of bone which curves in different planes very similar to a dried leaf. Paradoxical Middle Turbinate (PMT) is the abnormal curvatureof middle turbinate, where the convex surface faces laterally instead of its usual medial curvature and may block the drainage pathway ofmiddle meatus. The present study aimed at observing the prevalence of the paradoxical middle turbinate in the adult population of Bihar. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective study being conducted on 150 patients who presented to the Department of Radiodiagnosis. Their CT scans were analysed for the presence of paradoxical middle turbinate. The results were analysed as percentage and ‘p’ value was calculated using Fischer’s Exact Test. Results: Prevalence of Paradoxical Middle Turbinate was observed in 28 cases i.e. 18.6% cases; 16 in males and 12 in females. ‘p’ value was 0.677 on applying Fisher’s Exact test. Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinus region like paradoxical middle turbinate are quite common cause of diseases involving paranasal sinuses and they must be searched for by the surgeons planning any endoscopic sinus surgery. This study attempted to provide the prevalence of the paradoxical middle turbinate which will definitely help the FESS surgery and its outcomes.

Download Full-text

Digital Subtraction Angiographic Pattern of Extracranial and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Arterial Stenosis among Ischemic Stroke Patients

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3329/bjn.v33i2.57523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 89-95

Author(s):

Md Alamgir Hossain ◽

Hasan Zahidur Rahman ◽

- Md Shahidullah ◽

Md Rafiqul Islam ◽

MA Hannan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Adult Population ◽

Intracranial Stenosis ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽

Extracranial Stenosis ◽

Stenotic Segment

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in adult population throughout the world and is the most common cause of severe adult physical disability. Atherosclerotic stenosis is one of the predominant cause of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type, number and severity of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis and its association with different risk factors. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2017 to August 2018. Only patients having significant (≥50%) symptomatic stenosis were included in this study. Results: In total 42 cases, 25 patients had extracranial stenosis, 13 patients had intracranial stenosis and 4 patients had both intracranial and extracranial stenosis. Overall 17 (40.47%) patients have intracranial involvement and 29 (69.04%) patients had extracranial involvement. The most commonly involved intracranial stenotic segment was MCA, present in 8 (32%) out of 25 intracranial segments followed by ICA 7 (28%) and intracranial vertebral artery 4(16%). Most commonly involved extracranial stenotic segment was ICA, present in 37 (77.08%) out of 48 extracranial segments. Diabetes was found to be the most common risk factor of intracranial stenosis (p value 0.022) while hypercholesterolemia was the major risk factor for severe (≥70%) stenosis. Conclusion: Extracranial arterial stenosis is more common than intracranial arterial stenosis. Anterior circulation stenosis is more common than posterior circulation stenosis. Intracranial stenosis is more prevalent in diabetic patients. Hypercholesterolemiaismore commonly seen in severe (e”70%) stenosis. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 89-95

Download Full-text

Marathon Map and its Utilization in City Tourism

Abstracts of the ICA ◽

10.5194/ica-abs-1-224-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Liu ◽

Cheng Ye ◽

Shuran Zhang

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Annual Report ◽

Marathon Running ◽

Quantitative Content Analysis ◽

Design Elements ◽

Additional Information ◽

Marathon Race ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

City Tourism ◽

The City

Abstract. Marathon running has become an obsession in China, with 22 marathon races in 2011 increasing to 400 in 2017. Based on the Marathon annual report in 2017, marathon races will increase to above 1900 in 2020. More and more Chinese are traveling around the country to participate marathon races, which brings tremendous opportunities for the host cities, specifically for city tourism. A well-designed marathon map can not only help runners to learn detailed information for the races, but also help the tourists to learn natural and historical spots in the city. However, marathon maps and their designs are not examined in respect to cartography.This study focused on full marathon race maps, collected 200 maps officially published by marathon organizers, inventoried the race information included in the maps, explored how many of these maps showing natural and historical scenic spots along the race, and analyzed common design elements of the maps using Quantitative Content Analysis (QCA), see table1. The goal of this study was to determine if the maps featured only the races or if they provided additional information to encourage tourist activities. A well designed marathon map can help both to the implementation of a race and to the creation of a sense of city.

Download Full-text

Behavior of Medical Students toward Over-the-Counter Drugs in Comparison to Students from Other Faculties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i35b31911 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

Amar Fathi Mohamed Khalifa ◽

Yasser Nabil AlKhudairy ◽

Adel Ahmed Algahtani ◽

Bandar Mohammed Abduljabbar ◽

Fahad Majed Aldawsari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Otc Drugs ◽

Professional Guidance

Background: Over-the-counter-drugs (OTC) are drugs that can be obtained by patients without a prescription from a physician. In Saudi Arabia, it has been reported that more than half of university students practiced self-medication and used OTC drugs. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study, among medical and non-medical students in Riyadh. The sample size was 421, by systemic random sampling. A pre-coded pre-tested online questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant relationship between what the participants were majoring in and the usage of OTC drugs (p value= 0.373). Gender also had no relation with the use of OTC (p value= 0.168). Panadol appeared as the most commonly used OTC drug 62.9% for the relief of the most commonly mentioned factor which is headache 50.12%. Conclusion: Medical education didn’t have much of an effect on the use of OTC drugs. Moreover, professional guidance or advice was not considered most of the time for taking OTC, but the majority of respondents portrayed good behavior towards usage of OTC.

Download Full-text