scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Calcium Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Detailed Nature

Introduction: There is much lack of knowledge concerning most prostatic malfunction, especially the reasons and detailed nature of its pathologies. In spite of advances in medical science, the differential diagnosis of prostatic pathologies has steadily increased in complexity and controversy. A proposal has been made that prostatic calcium (Ca) content determinations may aid in resolving these issues for prostate disorders and especially as an indicator of its carcinoma risk. As a result many measurements of normal prostatic Ca have been made. Materials and methods: Here we analyze data published concerning Ca prostatic levels in healthy subjects. In all 1911 items in the literature of the years dating back to 1921 were identified in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ELSEVIER-EMBASE. This data was subject to an analysis employing both the “range” and “median” of means. In this way the disparate nature of published Ca content of normal prostates was evaluated. From the papers examined, 36 were selected for the objective analysis of data from their 1357 healthy patients.. Results: On a wet mass basis prostatic Ca levels spanned the interval from 73 mg/kg to 1280 mg/kg with 360 mg/kg as the median of their means. It is accepted that the prostatic Ca content is contingent on a wide variety of aspects of the host’s milieu, including androgen levels, zone of human prostate sampled, relative amounts of different types of prostatic tissue studied, Ca content of food and drink, Ca supplement intake, age, and the method of analysis. Conclusions: The data encompassed a wide range of values and the sample was small, hence it is advisable that further studies be performed.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the cadmium content of the normal human prostate gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Sinclair Wynchank
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Detailed Nature ◽  
Carcinoma Risk

There is much lack of knowledge concerning most prostatic malfunction, especially the reasons and detailed nature of its pathologies. In spite of advances in medical science, the differential diagnosis of prostatic pathologies has steadily increased in complexity and controversy. A proposal has been made that prostatic cadmium (Cd) content determinations may aid in resolving these issues for prostate disorders and especially as an indicator of its carcinoma risk. As a result many measurements of normal prostatic Cd have been made. Here we analyze data published concerning Cd prostatic levels in healthy subjects. In all 1889 items in the literature of the years dating back to 1921 were identified in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ELSEVIER-EMBASE. This data was subject to an analysis employing both the “range” and “median” of means. From the papers examined, 36 were selected for the objective analysis of data from their 1215 healthy patients. On a wet mass basis their prostatic Cd levels spanned the interval from 0.012 mg/kg to <0.76 mg/kg with 0.138 mg/kg as the median of their means. It is accepted that the prostatic Cd content is contingent on a wide variety of aspects of the host’s milieu, including androgen levels, presence or absence of tobacco use, Cd content of food and drink, age, environmental levels of Cd and the method of analysis. The data encompassed a wide range of values and the sample was small, hence it is advisable that further studies be performed.

Replicative Epithelial Cell Cultures From Normal Human Prostate Gland: Brief Communication2

1978 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Lechner ◽  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Y. Ohnuki ◽  
M. S. Babcock ◽  
L. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Epithelial Cell Cultures ◽  
Normal Human

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Intradialytic Hypotension in Patients on Conventional Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kuipers ◽  
Loes M. Verboom ◽  
Karin J.R. Ipema ◽  
Wolter Paans ◽  
Wim P. Krijnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is considered to be a frequent complication of hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with symptom burden, increased incidence of access failure, cardiovascular events, and higher mortality. This systematic literature review aims to analyse studies that investigated the prevalence of IDH. A complicating factor herein is that many different definitions of IDH are used in literature. Methods: A systematic literature search from databases, Medline, Cinahl, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to identify studies reporting on the actual prevalence of IDH was conducted. Studies were categorized by the type of definition used for the prevalence of IDH. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of IDH was performed. Results: In a meta-analysis comprising 4 studies including 1,694 patients and 4 studies including 13,189 patients, the prevalence of HD sessions complicated by IDH was 10.1 and 11.6% for the European Best Practice Guideline (EBPG) definition and the Nadir <90 definition, respectively. The proportion of patients with frequent IDH could not reliably be established because of the wide range in cutoff values that were used to identify patients with frequent IDH. There was a large variety in the prevalence of symptoms and interventions. Major risk factors associated with IDH across studies were diabetes, a higher interdialytic weight gain, female gender, and lower body weight. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of IDH is lower than 12% for both the EBPG and the Nadir <90 definition which is much lower than stated in most reviews.

scholarly journals The Value of Pepsinogen in GC Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Junjie Lang ◽  
Yuelong Jin ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Weiwei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Barium Meal ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background. The current gold standard for gastric cancer (GC) screening is pathology or a barium meal followed by X-ray. This is not applicable to a wide range of screening capabilities due to the lack of operability. This article used a meta-analysis to evaluate the value of pepsinogen (PG) screening for GC.Methods. PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM databases were systematically searched for published studies that used serum PG to diagnose GC. Articles were searched from January 2003 to January 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were extracted and evaluated, and the quality of the methodologies evaluated using the QUADAS entry. The meta-analysis (MA) was performed using Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. Stata 12.0 software was used to assess publication bias.Results. A total of 19 studies were finally included from a total of 169,009 cases. The MA showed a combined sensitivity and specificity of 0.56 (95% CI (0.53–0.59),P<0.01) and 0.71 (95% CI (0.70-0.71),P<0.01), respectively. The combined likelihood ratios were +LR = 2.82 (95% CI (2.06–3.86),P<0.01) and −LR = 0.56 (95% CI (0.45–0.68),P<0.01). The combined DOR was 5.41 (95% CI (3.64~ 8.06),P<0.01), and the area under the SROC curve was 0.7468.Conclusions. Serum PG provides medium levels of sensitivity and specificity for GC assessment. To be used in a clinical setting, further high-quality research must be performed and verified.

scholarly journals Identification of a stem cell candidate in the normal human prostate gland

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Schmelz ◽  
Roland Moll ◽  
Ulrike Hesse ◽  
Anil R. Prasad ◽  
Jay A. Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Normal Human

Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Abildtrup ◽  
Gabrielle H. Kingsley ◽  
David L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective.Calprotectin (myeloid-related protein 8/14), a heterodimeric complex of calcium-binding proteins, is expressed in granulocytes and monocytes. Calprotectin levels are high in synovial tissue, particularly in activated cells adjacent to the cartilage-pannus junction. This systematic review evaluates the use of calprotectin as an indicator of disease activity, therapeutic response, and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (1970–2013) were searched for studies containing original data from patients with RA in whom calprotectin levels were measured in plasma/serum and/or synovial fluid (SF). We included studies examining associations between calprotectin levels and clinical and laboratory assessments, disease progression, and therapeutic response. There were no restrictions for sample size, disease duration, or length of followup.Results.We evaluated 17 studies (1988–2013) with 1065 patients enrolled; 11 were cross-sectional and 8 had longitudinal designs with 2 studies reporting cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Systemic and SF levels of calprotectin were raised in RA. There was a wide range of levels and marked interstudy and intrastudy variability. Calprotectin levels were high in active disease and were particularly high in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive patients. Levels fell with effective treatment. Longitudinal data showed that calprotectin was a significant and independent predictor of erosive progression and therapeutic responses, particularly in patients who received effective biological treatments.Conclusion.SF calprotectin levels are high, suggesting there is substantial local production by inflamed synovium. Blood calprotectin levels, though highly variable, are elevated in active RA and fall with effective therapy. High baseline calprotectin levels predict future erosive damage.

scholarly journals Referral in a routine Italian optometric examination: towards an evidence-based model.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Riccardo Cheloni ◽  
Alexander G Swystun ◽  
Mauro Frisani ◽  
Christopher J Davey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Ocular Health

Italian optometrists refract patients and prescribe optical appliances. The routine optometric examination that is currently conducted in Italy, however, does not include a comprehensive ocular health assessment. Like many other countries, in Italy ophthalmologists are solely responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular pathologies, yet, the care an optometrist provides must be done with the aim of promoting the general and ocular health of patients seen in practice. Such scope has to be pursued using a close collaboration with ophthalmologists, ultimately facilitating the earliest medical diagnosis and minimisation of visual impairment. Referral represents the basis of optometrist-ophthalmologist collaboration, yet, no guidance is available to Italian optometrists indicating when referral is warranted. The purpose of this study was to identify the circumstances deserving a referral in a routine Italian optometric examination in adults, ultimately constituting preliminary evidence-based indications of a referral model oriented to enhance the ocular and general health of patients. A literature review was conducted on Pubmed and the Cochrane Library, mainly targeting high quality secondary literature such as systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical guidelines. Several reasons for referral were identified. Further, while a wide range of anomalies of the visual system are likely to be discovered by the Italian optometric examination, up to 20% of patients could suffer an underlying condition undetected by the current assessment. This results in the need to refer seemingly healthy patients if they have not attended routine ophthalmological examinations within optimal time frames. In Italy, and countries with similar settings, the referral is an essential instrument that optometrists must largely use to ensure early diagnosis of ocular conditions by ophthalmologists and minimisation of avoidable visual impairment.

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses Using Synchronous Telepsychiatry: An Integrative Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 107839032093915
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Finley ◽  
Kimberly D. Shea ◽  
Roberta Maixner ◽  
Maribeth Slebodnik
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Librarian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
The Cochrane Library

BACKGROUND: Despite wide-spread use, telepsychiatry use among psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurse practitioners (PMH APRNs) has not been systematically explored in the literature. OBJECTIVE: Systematically review the PMH APRN usage of live-time, synchronous telepsychiatry including audiovisual teleconferencing technology. METHOD: A comprehensive, systematic search was performed with no publication date restriction across CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on July 30, 2019, by a medical librarian. Each citation was blinded and independently reviewed by three reviewers, and consensus was reached for inclusion. Eligible articles were peer-reviewed research or quality improvement articles available in full-text, written in English, including real-time, synchronous, audiovisual telepsychiatry services with PMH APRN providers. Discussion articles and literature reviews were excluded. Article quality and bias were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment tool. RESULTS: The search yielded a total of 342 articles, and only nine articles met full inclusion criteria. Overall, risk of bias was high in all studies, and the GRADE rating consisted of three “very low,” five “low,” and one “medium” quality article. However, considering the collectively positive outcomes from PMH APRN telepsychiatry use, the overall GRADE recommendation was to “probably do it” for seven studies and “do it” for two studies. DISCUSSION: Though existent literature is low quality and sparse, evidence supports that PMH APRNs can feasibly and successfully provide telepsychiatry services across a wide range of demographic patients and locations. CONCLUSION: PMH APRNs should contribute more original evidence to guide telepsychiatry implementation and adoption as the service expands.

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