scholarly journals Integration Policies and Public Perceptions of Immigrants in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-380
Author(s):  
Margareta Gregurović
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
European Migration

National mechanisms of migrant integration into the host society and the wider social context in which migration occurs may affect the construction of public attitudes towards migrants regardless of their origin or status. By combining the data of two international studies: the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) and the European Social Survey (ESS), this paper examines national policies regarding migrant integration and the public perception of migrants in the host society in selected European countries. This analysis highlights especially the shifts in public attitudes as possible consequences of the 2015/2016 European “migration crisis”. The data from 27 European countries that participated in the last waves of both MIPEX2020 and ESS2018 were analysed according to the four-dimensional MIPEX categorisation: 1) Comprehensive integration, 2) Equality on paper, 3) Temporary integration, and 4) Immigration without integration (Integration denied). These categories of states’ migration policies were then combined with the public perceptions of immigrants examined by the ESS. Multilevel regression models demonstrated that the respondents from countries with well-developed integration policies express a more positive attitude towards immigrants and acknowledge their contribution to all areas of the host society. A higher proportion of non-EU-27 immigrants in the country correlates with a more negative perception of immigrants’ impact on the host country. Even though the MIPEX score does not reflect clearly the shift in migration policies affected by the European “migration crisis”, it could be considered a stable, though relatively weak predictor of anti-immigrant prejudice. In conclusion, this study's findings suggest that better-developed policies of political participation and immigrant inclusion foster more positive attitudes towards immigrants.

Integration policies and threat perceptions following the European migration crisis: New insights into the policy-threat nexus

2021 ◽  
pp. 002071522110506
Author(s):  
David De Coninck ◽  
Giacomo Solano ◽  
Willem Joris ◽  
Bart Meuleman ◽  
Leen d’Haenens
Keyword(s):  
Integration Policy ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Policy Threat ◽  
European Migration ◽  
Do So

The link between integration policies and intergroup attitudes or threat perceptions has received considerable attention. However, no studies so far have been able to explore how this relationship changed following the European migration crisis due to a lack of recent comparative policy data. Using new MIPEX data, this is the first study to examine mechanisms underlying the policy-threat nexus following the European migration crisis, distinguishing between several strands of integration policies, and realistic and symbolic threat. To do so, we combine 2017 Eurobarometer data with 2017 Migrant Integration Policy data, resulting in a sample of 28,080 respondents nested in 28 countries. The analyses also control for economic conditions, outgroup size, and media freedom. Multilevel analyses indicate that respondents living in countries with more inclusive integration policies in general report lower realistic and symbolic threat. When investigating different policy strands, we find that inclusive policies regarding political participation and access to nationality for immigrants are associated with lower realistic and symbolic threat. We compare our findings to those from prior to the European migration crisis and discuss the potential role of this crisis in the policy-threat nexus.

Informal payments for health care services – Corruption or gratitude? A study on public attitudes, perceptions and opinions in six Central and Eastern European countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stepurko ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Irena Gryga ◽  
Wim Groot
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Informal Payments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Eastern European Countries

In this study we aim to compare the public perceptions towards informal patient payments in six Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine). Overall, around 35–60% of the general public in each country has ever made informal payments, though informal cash payments are perceived negatively, mostly as corruption. In-kind gifts are often seen as a token of gratitude. However, significant differences among countries are observed. Despite the public support for the eradication of informal payments, there are population groups who favor their existence and this should be taken into account in policy-making.

Reality Asserts Itself: Public Opinion on Iraq and the Elasticity of Reality

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Baum ◽  
Tim Groeling
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPrevailing theories hold that U.S. public support for a war depends primarily on its degree of success, U.S. casualties, or conflict goals. Yet, research into the framing of foreign policy shows that public perceptions concerning each of these factors are often endogenous and malleable by elites. In this article, we argue that both elite rhetoric and the situation on the ground in the conflict affect public opinion, but the qualities that make such information persuasive vary over time and with circumstances. Early in a conflict, elites (especially the president) have an informational advantage that renders public perceptions of “reality” very elastic. As events unfold and as the public gathers more information, this elasticity recedes, allowing alternative frames to challenge the administration's preferred frame. We predict that over time the marginal impact of elite rhetoric and reality will decrease, although a sustained change in events may eventually restore their influence. We test our argument through a content analysis of news coverage of the Iraq war from 2003 through 2007, an original survey of public attitudes regarding Iraq, and partially disaggregated data from more than 200 surveys of public opinion on the war.

scholarly journals Not in My Back Yard: Public Perceptions and Terrorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Avdan ◽  
Clayton Webb
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Threat Perceptions

Why does the public care more about some terrorist attacks than others? In recent years, there has been a wave of terrorist attacks carried out by similar terrorist organizations, but these attacks have produced disparate public responses. Existing research shows that terrorist attacks are more traumatic for people who live near terrorist targets, but this research cannot explain differences in public attitudes about attacks occurring in other countries. We argue that threat perceptions are shaped by the physical and personal proximity of terrorist attacks. The identities of the victims are rarely known. People impute the characteristics of victims based on the country where the attack occurred. These perceived identities determine the empathy people feel toward victims and affect perceptions of terrorist threats. People feel a greater sense of vulnerability when attacks occur near their borders. We test these arguments using a series of online experiments. We find that the location of the attack and the race and nationality of the victims drive threat perceptions.

Ekonomiczne aspekty polityki integracyjnej Austrii wobec imigrantów

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ewa Godlewska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migration Crisis

In recent years the public debate in Europe has been dominated by the topic of refugee crisis. Disputes on its solving have become a part of public life in practically all European countries. Intergovernmental organisations, like the European Union for example, are also interested in this problem. Austria is one of the countries that directly experienced the influx of migrants. In the context of these events, it is worth considering three issues. First of all, is it possible to continue the existing assumptions in the time of the migration crisis? The second is the question of specific challenges for the “integration package” implemented in Austria. The article also attempts to answer the questions: what is the main costs of integration and what is the opinion about this costs? The economic factor has been discussed from several perspectives – the cause, the effect and the kind of challenge for Austria’s integration policy.

scholarly journals Die behauptete und die gelebte Migrationskrise: der widersprüchliche Fall Italien

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Felicitas Hillmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Refugee Issues ◽  
European Migration

Abstract. Italy, situated prominently middle of the Mediterranean Sea, has been confronted with migration and refugee issues for a long time. Within the European migration system it is a telling example of the way the issue of migration is dealt with more generally. After a prolonged phase of ignoring the existing exigencies of integration and regulation of the already present migrants on the territory, the country experienced a peak of arrivals of migrants on its coastlines in 2015/16. Since then, numbers of in-migration have been decreasing. Still, in the public discourse the idea of an invasion, e.g. mass immigration, continues. For many years the SPRAR system had contributed to tackling a situation of crisis by involving civil society and by reaching out for solutions beyond management. The article emphasizes that the migration crisis can be understood only when taking into account different realities and expectations. It further presents the case study of Genoa. Here, the crisis is mastered by normalisation and local action.

scholarly journals The arrival of COVID-19 in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Xavier Falières
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
The Public

The last three months have been the most memorable and the most tense period in the lives of the most of us. After Taking Wuhan (China) by storm, the coronavirus crossed all of the frontiers and reached to 202 countries, including the East Asian countries, Middle East, the Americas and then the European countries. The Netherlands was effected less, with about 1000 deaths and more than 12000 confirmed patients, than its neighbors – Italy and Spain, but had its share. This manuscript presents an outline of the public perceptions, and the guidelines to manage these patients at different stages of the disease, including ventilation and intubation protocols, based upon our experience of over two months. It does not claim to be complete and exhaustive, and the readers are directed to consult their National guidelines (if any). Citation: Falières X. The arrival of COVID-19 in the Netherlands (Perspective). Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24(1):__ DOI: https://doi.org/10.35975/apic.v24i1. Received – 14 March 2020 Reviewed & Accepted – 18 March 2020

scholarly journals From immigration to integration - can we learn from countries with elaborated immigrant integration policies?

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Immigrant Integration Policy

The paper discusses the concept of a multidimensional and multidirectional process of immigrant integration, as well as the complex relation of immigration and integration policies. Although the growing importance of transnational perspective in migration studies suggests the reframing and redefining of the immigrant integration concept, immigration and integration are primarily in the competence of the receiving countries. In this respect, measurement and evaluation of integration makes the basis for integration management. Monitoring of the changes in the field of immigrants? rights and opportunities for integration in the receiving country?s society enables the formulation and adjustment of appropriate general and specific policies. Assessment and comparison of the level of development and characteristics of national integration policies, based on the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), is an introduction into discussion on how different European countries are facing the issue of integration of immigrants from the perspective of eight policy areas. The analysis has been undertaken with the aim of pointing to the position of Serbia among the European countries, observed according to the degree of development of the immigrant integration policies, as well as the corresponding changes in the 2012-2014 period. Based on the analysis presented, it can be concluded that there is a need to encourage further elaboration and implementation of appropriate immigrant integration policy and measures, whereby Serbia should use the experience of countries that have high achievements in this field. This is particularly significant in those areas where there are low values of MIPEX indicators for Serbia (health, education) as well as their negative trend (political participation, access to nationality). In these areas state-supported targeted measures are needed. However, they can not be fully applicable given the small immigrant population and insufficient financial resources in Serbia.

How Migration Policy Shapes the Subjective Well-Being of the Non-immigrant Population in European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110015
Author(s):  
Alexander Tatarko ◽  
Tomas Jurcik ◽  
Andreas Hadjar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Migrant Integration Policies

Existing studies show that there is a positive association between pro-migrant integration policies and the subjective well-being of immigrants. However, there is a lack of research elucidating the relations between migrant integration policies and the subjective well-being of the host (i.e., non-migrant) population. This study is based on European data and uses multilevel analysis to clarify the relations between migrant integration policy (both as a whole and its eight separate components such as: Labor market mobility and Family reunion) and the subjective well-being of the non-immigrant population in European countries. We examined relations between the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) for 22 countries in Europe and subjective well-being, as assessed by the European Social Survey (ESS) data. The results demonstrated that there is a positive relation between the MIPEX and subjective well-being for non-immigrants. Considering different components of the MIPEX separately, we found most of them being positively related to the subjective well-being of non-immigrants. As no negative relationship was identified between any of the eight MIPEX components and subjective well-being, policies in favor of immigrant integration also seem to benefit the non-immigrant population.

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