scholarly journals Impact Analysis of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Policy Implementation in Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmahwati Syafri ◽  
Ekasafitri Sangadji ◽  
Raden Roro Mega Utami
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Mobility Index ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Jakarta is the province with the highest population density in Indonesia and is also one of the main international gateways to enter Indonesia. These conditions cause a high risk of transmission COVID-19 in Jakarta. One of the government's decisions was applying the Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy in Jakarta. This study is a documentation study with Sabatier and Mazmanian's top-down approach that aims to analyze the extent impact of policy implementation, in terms of the policy objectives and community compliance. Compliance analysis uses the results of the Covid-19 Outbreak Survey and Google mobility index. The result shows the compliance of the community in policy implementation. The impact of the PSBB implementation can be seen from the value of the Reproduction number (Rt), which has decreased since the PSBB policy was implemented. Based on those data, it can be concluded that the implementation of the PSBB in Jakarta has been going and implemented well; thus, the consistency from the community and also local government needs to be well maintained. Abstrak. Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk tertinggi di Indonesia yang juga sebagai pintu keluar masuknya manusia ke Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan resiko penularan COVID-19 di Jakarta menjadi sangat besar. Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah adalah PSBB di DKI Jakarta. Kajian ini merupakan studi dokumentasi dengan pendekatan top-down Sabatier dan Mazmanian yang bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis sejauh mana dampak suatu implementasi kebijakan, ditinjau dari tujuan kebijakan dan kepatuhan masyarakat. Analisis kepatuhan menggunakan hasil Survei Wabah Covid-19 dan indeks mobilitas Google. Hasilnya menunjukkan kepatuhan kelompok sasaran terhadap implementasi kebijakan. Dampak implementasi PSBB dapat terlihat dari nilai Reproduction number (Rt) yang semenjak diberlakukan kebijakan nilainya selalu mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan keseluruhan data tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan PSBB di Jakarta telah berlangsung dan diimplementasikan dengan baik, tinggal menanti konsistensi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah agar dapat terjaga dengan baik.Abstrak. Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk tertinggi di Indonesia yang juga sebagai pintu keluar masuknya manusia ke Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan resiko penularan COVID-19 di Jakarta menjadi sangat besar. Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah adalah PSBB di DKI Jakarta. Kajian ini merupakan studi dokumentasi dengan pendekatan top-down Sabatier dan Mazmanian yang bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis sejauh mana dampak suatu implementasi kebijakan, ditinjau dari tujuan kebijakan dan kepatuhan masyarakat. Analisis kepatuhan menggunakan hasil Survei Wabah Covid-19 dan indeks mobilitas Google. Hasilnya menunjukkan kepatuhan kelompok sasaran terhadap implementasi kebijakan. Dampak implementasi PSBB dapat terlihat dari nilai Reproduction number (Rt) yang semenjak diberlakukan kebijakan nilainya selalu mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan keseluruhan data tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan PSBB di Jakarta telah berlangsung dan diimplementasikan dengan baik, tinggal menanti konsistensi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah agar dapat terjaga dengan baik.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobile Phone Uses in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain K. Cibangu ◽  
Mark Hepworth ◽  
Donna Champion
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the rise of information and communication technologies (ICTs) contrasted with the dire living conditions of the world's poorest has been the subject of debate among industry and academia. However, despite the amount of writings produced on mobile phones, Western bias is surprisingly unbridledly prevailing alongside the fêted dissemination of mobile phones. Expansive literature tends to present the rapid adoption of mobile phones among rural individuals, with little to no indication of how local values and voices are respected or promoted. We undertook semi-structured interviews with 16 rural chiefs to inquire into ways in which mobile phones enabled socio-economic development in the rural Congo. Rather than using quantitative, large-scale, or top-down data, we sought to give voice to chiefs themselves about the role of mobile phones. We found that Western bias dominates the literature and deployment of mobile phones more than usually acknowledged. We suggested some paths forward, while bringing the African communal Utu or Ubuntu culture to the center stage.

scholarly journals Access to modern energy: a review of barriers, drivers and impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Bonan ◽  
Stefano Pareglio ◽  
Massimo Tavoni
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Improved Cookstove ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractUniversal access to modern energy services, in terms of access to electricity and to modern cooking facilities, has been recognized as a fundamental challenge for development. Despite strong praise for action and the deployment of large-scale electrification programs and improved cookstove (ICS) distribution campaigns, few studies have shed light on the barriers to, the enablers of and the impacts of access to energy on development outcomes, using rigorous methodologies. This paper reviews this recent strand of research, trying to fill these gaps. The authors focus on the demand-side and household perspective. Their main outcomes of interest are electricity connection and ICS adoption for the analysis of barriers, time allocation, labor market outcomes and welfare for the impact analysis. They provide evidence of significant wellbeing impacts of electrification and mixed evidence for cookstoves.

An Impact Analysis of Turbine Guide Bearing Stiffness on Rotating Parts’ Transverse Vibration Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Yi Zhu ◽  
Xi De Lai ◽  
Li Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Turbine ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Francis Turbine ◽  
Lateral Vibration ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Bearing Stiffness ◽  
The Impact

A vibration calculation model for a large-scale hydraulic turbine group is built to act on the unbalanced force between the rotor and the runner. Take the Francis turbine group for example. Using the finite element method, the units lateral vibration characteristics of rotating components were calculated and analyzed. The paper discusses the impact of location and the guide bearing stiffness on the lateral vibration characteristics of the unit. Based on the elastic supporting models, the paper also compares the results of the guide bearing stiffness modified simultaneously and respectively. Results show that the guide bearing stiffness has a significant impact on the lateral vibration characteristics of the location of the unit, which provides a reference for the reduction of vibration and the optimization of the supporting structure of the turbine unit.

scholarly journals An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Mahajan ◽  
Ravi Solanki ◽  
Namitha Sivadas
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Death Cases

AbstractAfter originating from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, with a gradual spread in the last few months, COVID-19 has become a pandemic crossing 9 million confirmed positive cases and 450 thousand deaths. India is not only an overpopulated country but has a high population density as well, and at present, a high-risk nation where COVID-19 infection can go out of control. In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases. We analyze the impact of lockdown and the number of tests conducted per day on the prediction and bring out the scenarios in which the infection can be controlled faster. Our findings indicate that increasing the tests per day at a rapid pace (10k per day increase), stringent measures on social-distancing for the coming months and strict lockdown in the month of July all have a significant impact on the disease spread.

scholarly journals A viral perspective on worldwide non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Rasigade ◽  
Anaïs Barray ◽  
Julie Teresa Shapiro ◽  
Charlène Coquisart ◽  
Yoann Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Genomic Divergence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractQuantifying the effectiveness of large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 is critical to adapting responses against future waves of the pandemic. Most studies of NPIs thus far have relied on epidemiological data. Here, we report the impact of NPIs on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, taking the perspective of the virus. We examined how variations through time and space of SARS-CoV-2 genomic divergence rates, which reflect variations of the epidemic reproduction number Rt, can be explained by NPIs and combinations thereof. Based on the analysis of 5,198 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 57 countries along with a detailed chronology of 9 non-pharmaceutical interventions during the early epidemic phase up to May 2020, we find that home containment (35% Rt reduction) and education lockdown (26%) had the strongest predicted effectiveness. To estimate the cumulative effect of NPIs, we modelled the probability of reducing Rt below 1, which is required to stop the epidemic, for various intervention combinations and initial Rt values. In these models, no intervention implemented alone was sufficient to stop the epidemic for Rt’s above 2 and all interventions combined were required for Rt’s above 3. Our approach can help inform decisions on the minimal set of NPIs required to control the epidemic depending on the current Rt value.

scholarly journals Do City Size and Population Density Influence Regional Innovation Output Evidence from China?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cai Shukai ◽  
Wang Haochen ◽  
Zhou Xiaohong
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
City Size ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposed a substantial gap to a large-scale population density and city size on regional innovation output. To measure the impact of population density and city size on regional innovation output, this study employs the threshold effect model with panel data of 230 prefectures and cities from 2007 to 2016. Based on the econometric analysis, the results exhibit a positive and significant relationship between population density, city size, and innovation output. This correlation suggests that when one factor increases, the other increases in the parallel direction and vice versa. Moreover, when the city size expands the threshold value of 2.934 percent, the innovation promotes and increases the effects of urban-scale expansion. On the other hand, for medium- and low-density cities, the increase of urban population density has a significant and positive impact on urban innovation output. However, for high-density cities, the increase of population density has no significant impact on innovation output.

scholarly journals Large-scale Lassa fever outbreaks in Nigeria: quantifying the association between disease reproduction number and local rainfall

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Salihu S. Musa ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
Daihai He ◽  
Jing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Average Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lassa fever (LF) is increasingly recognised as an important rodent-borne viral haemorrhagic fever presenting a severe public health threat to sub-Saharan West Africa. In 2017–18, LF caused an unprecedented epidemic in Nigeria and the situation was worsening in 2018–19. This work aims to study the epidemiological features of epidemics in different Nigerian regions and quantify the association between reproduction number (R) and state rainfall. We quantify the infectivity of LF by the reproduction numbers estimated from four different growth models: the Richards, three-parameter logistic, Gompertz and Weibull growth models. LF surveillance data are used to fit the growth models and estimate the Rs and epidemic turning points (τ) in different regions at different time periods. Cochran's Q test is further applied to test the spatial heterogeneity of the LF epidemics. A linear random-effect regression model is adopted to quantify the association between R and state rainfall with various lag terms. Our estimated Rs for 2017–18 (1.33 with 95% CI 1.29–1.37) was significantly higher than those for 2016–17 (1.23 with 95% CI: (1.22, 1.24)) and 2018–19 (ranged from 1.08 to 1.36). We report spatial heterogeneity in the Rs for epidemics in different Nigerian regions. We find that a one-unit (mm) increase in average monthly rainfall over the past 7 months could cause a 0.62% (95% CI 0.20%–1.05%)) rise in R. There is significant spatial heterogeneity in the LF epidemics in different Nigerian regions. We report clear evidence of rainfall impacts on LF epidemics in Nigeria and quantify the impact.

scholarly journals Benefit and performance impact analysis of using hydrogen fuel cell powered e-taxi system on A320 class airliner

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1261) ◽  
pp. 378-397
Author(s):  
J. A. Stockford ◽  
C. Lawson ◽  
Z. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the benefits and performance impacts of introducing a hydrogen fuel cell powered electric taxiing system to a conventional short-haul aircraft. Tasks carried out in this research and reported in this paper include the initial system design, hydrogen tank initial sizing, calculation of the impact on fuel burn and emissions and the evaluation of the effects on Direct Operating Cost (DOC). The Airbus A320 has been selected as the datum aircraft for sizing the system, and the benefits analysis is particularly focused on the fleet composition and financial data of a Europe-based, low-cost, large-scale A320 family operator in 2016. The maximum power capacity of 400 kW has been sized based on the rolling friction coefficient of 0.02. Based on the operator’s 2016 financial, up to 1% fuel reduction can be achieved using the proposed system and the reduction in total maintenance cost is expected to be up to 7.3%. Additionally, up to 5.97% net profit improvement is estimated in comparison with the annual after-tax profit of the datum operator in 2016.

Impact of broadband power line communication on high frequency equipment using impact analysis

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Line Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carrier Communication

Abstract With the rapid development of broadband carrier communication technology, the power line communication market is growing. However, the frequency band of power line communication overlaps with other radio services, mainly the High Frequency (HF) radio services. In addition, power line communication may have electromagnetic leakage in the open air. Large-scale power line communication system will give a much greater interference to some critical HF radio services. In this paper, the standards and researches relative to the power line communication system are reviewed. Based on existing studies, impact analysis which includes the impact probability and severity of the power line communication system on HF equipment is proposed. In addition, explicit explanations are provided. The proposed impact analysis methods are applied to simulations and evaluations. Numerical results demonstrate that a large-scale power line communication system will cause additional ambient noise, which affects the performance and reliability of HF equipment with a high probability.

scholarly journals The impact of active case finding among high-risk populations on the decline of tuberculosis incidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tomczak ◽  
Dominika Warmjak ◽  
Aneta Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Active Screening ◽  
Active Case ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2019 the WHO reported approximately 10 million TB cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. TB still remains one of the leading causes of death in humans. Brazil is one of 30 countries with the highest TB burden with 96,000 new cases and 6,700 deaths reported in 2019. From 2015 the TB incidence is increasing by 2%–3% annually. It means that TB control programs need to be improved. Aim: Our aim is to show the impact of active case finding of TB cases among a high-risk subpopulation on decline of the incidence in the general population. Material and methods: We use a SIS-type compartmental mathematical model to describe the disease dynamics. We consider the population as a heterogeneous population which differ in disease transmission risk. Using best-fit techniques we compare the actual data with the model. For the fitted parameters we calculate the basic reproduction number and estimate the TB trends for the next few years applying several preventative protocols. Results and discussion: Using numerical simulations we examine the impact of ACF on the disease dynamics. We show that active screening among high risk subpopulations can help to reduce TB spread. We show how the reproduction number and estimated incidence decline depend on the detection rate. Conclusions: Active screening is one of the most effective ways for reducing the spread of disease. However, due to financial constraints, it can only be used to a limited extent. Properly applied detection can limit the spread of the disease while minimizing costs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document