scholarly journals The impact of processing methods on chemical composition, mineral bioavailability and functional properties of Nigerian-grown cashew flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makinde Folasade Maria ◽  
Joel Ifeoluwa Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Test

In this study, the effect of processing methods on the nutritional quality and functional properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) kernels were investigated. The kernels were soaked, autoclaved, roasted or germinated at varying time duration; raw kernel served as control. The samples were analysed for chemical, mineral bioavailability and functional properties. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the Duncan multiple range test. The result of chemical composition analyses revealed that raw cashew kernels contained 3.55±0.08% moisture, 21.3±0.05% protein, 45.0±0.15% fat, 2.53±0.02% fibre, 1.59±0.02% ash, 26.1±0.01% carbohydrate, 521.75 Kcal/g energy, 2210.09±0.02mg/kg calcium, 1712.54±0.03mg/kg magnesium, 60.04±0.01 mg/kg iron and 36.74±0.02mg/kg zinc. Tannin, phytate and oxalate concentrations in the raw cashew kernel were 10.14±0.03 mg/kg, 99.30±0.02mg/kg and 11.03±0.03mg/kg respectively. Increased fat, ash and fibre levels were noted for treated samples compared to raw kernels. Mineral concentrations were increased significantly by various treatments compared to raw kernel; however, germination resulted in the highest increase of mineral content. A reduction trend was observed in phytate, oxalate and tannin concentrations in the treated samples with respect to increased processing time. Consequently, various treatments influenced the bioavailability of mineral elements. Treated samples exhibited significant differences in loose and packed bulk densities, water and oil absorption capacities when compared to raw kernels. Germination shows potential to generate not only much needed nutrients in cashew for human development, but also improved bioavailability of nutrients and functionality compared to other processing methods. This approach can used in Community Nutrition and Emergency Feeding Programmes, in developing countries, where the consequence of anti-nutritional factors may worsen the incidence of malnutrition and disease. 

scholarly journals Enhancing Micronutrients Bioavailability through Fermentation of Plant-Based Foods: A Concise Review

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mrinal Samtiya ◽  
Rotimi E. Aluko ◽  
Anil Kumar Puniya ◽  
Tejpal Dhewa
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Requirement ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Concise Review

Plant-based foods are rich sources of vitamins and essential micronutrients. For the proper functioning of the human body and their crucial role, trace minerals (iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, etc.) are required in appropriate amounts. Cereals and pulses are the chief sources of these trace minerals. Despite these minerals, adequate consumption of plant foods cannot fulfill the human body’s total nutrient requirement. Plant foods also contain ample amounts of anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, tannins, phenols, oxalates, etc. These factors can compromise the bioavailability of several essential micronutrients in plant foods. However, literature reports show that fermentation and related processing methods can improve nutrient and mineral bioavailability of plant foods. In this review, studies related to fermentation methods that can be used to improve micronutrient bioavailability in plant foods are discussed.

Pearl millet processing: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Rani ◽  
Rakhi Singh ◽  
Rachna Sehrawat ◽  
Barjinder Pal Kaur ◽  
Ashutosh Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a rich source of nutrients as compared to the major cultivated cereal crops. However, major factors which limit its utilization are the presence of anti-nutritional factors (phytate, tannins and polyphenols) which lower availability of minerals and poor keeping quality because of higher lipase activity. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the impact of different processing methods on the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional components of pearl millet. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review study from 1983 to 2017, focusing on studies related to pearl millet processing and their effectiveness in the enrichment of nutritional value through reduction of anti-nutritional compounds. Findings From the literature reviewed, pearl millet processing through various methods including milling, malting, fermentation, blanching and acid as well as heat treatments were found to be effective in achieving the higher mineral digestibility, retardation of off flavor, bitterness as well as rancidity problems found during storage of flour. Originality/value Through this review paper, possible processing methods and their impact on the nutrient and anti-nutrient profile of pearl millet are discussed after detailed studied of literature from journal articles and thesis.

scholarly journals Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nikolic ◽  
Hadi Waisi ◽  
Sanja Djurovic ◽  
Milos Dugalic ◽  
Vladan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
The Impact

We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.

scholarly journals Compositional aspects and bacteriological quality of camel milk from Tunisian oasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaldi Zahran ◽  
Nafti Mounir ◽  
Jilani Tabarek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study was planned to investigate the raw milk characteristics and quality aspects and to evaluate the impact of nongenetic factors on physicochemical composition and microbial quality of milk from local Maghrebi camels (Camelus dromedarius) kept under a traditional system in oasis areas, southern west, Tunisia. Forty-nine individual milk samples were collected from lactating Negga over two periods of the year (winter and summer). Animals belonging to private flocks were between 5 and 17.5 years of age, with parity numbers ranging from first to sixth. Samples were analyzed for physical parameters, chemical composition, mineral concentrations, and microbiological features according to standard methods. The overall means of physical characteristics were 6.63 ± 0.22, 1030.63 ± 2.54, and 19.11 ± 4.08 for pH, density, and acidity, respectively. No significant association (P > 0.05) between physical characteristics and nongenetic factors has been observed. The average results of chemical composition for dry matter, protein, fat, casein, lactose, ash, and casein/protein ratio were 115.24±15.67g/L, 30.98±6.40 g/L, 32.84±4.88 g/L, 22.77±4.27 g/L, 37.21±4.64 g/L, 6.87±1.59 g/L, and 0.74±0.06 g/L respectively. Season, parity, and age were confirmed to impinge significantly on chemical components, except for lactose. The maximum contents of total solids, protein, casein, and fat content were observed during winter. The third lactation was characterized with the highest content of total solids, protein, casein, and lactose; while the highest fat content was recorded in the second lactation. Lactose content was stable throughout all the studied age classes (P > 0.05), whereas the other chemical constituents, showed an obvious superiority in the age class of 7≤ age ≤ 9 years. Season, parity, and age of the animal exerted a significant effect on all minerals. The highest levels of Ca, P, and K were recorded in the winter (P<0.01) whereas Na showed an opposite pattern and was higher in the summer (P<0.01). All major minerals were higher in milk from multiparous than primiparous camels, with maximum concentrations at the fourth lactation. The uppermost levels of mineral concentrations were recorded in the age class of 7≤ age ≤ 9 years. The lowest ones were those of animals over 12 years old. The microbial analysis of raw milk which is affected by season, parity, and age showed higher overall contamination levels in all studied bacterial counts. The highest levels were observed in winter, among the multiparous and oldest Negga. The results highlighted the complete absence of the two dangerous pathogens Salmonella and CSR in all analyzed samples.

scholarly journals A survey to assess the value of the legume chimero (Bouffordia dichotoma syn. Desmodium dichotomum) in mixed farming systems in North and South Wollo Zones, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Hunegnaw Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
North And South

This study was conducted to determine the yields and chemical composition of the legume, chimero (Bouffordia dichotoma syn. Desmodium dichotomum), at its niche in North and South Wollo Zones, Amhara Region, Ethiopia and how it is used by farmers in the region. Dry matter yields of chimero growing as spontaneous intercrop with sorghum in 3 Peasant Associations in each of the 5 sampled districts were determined as was the chemical composition of the forage, based on pooled samples. The average yield of chimero growing as a self-sown legume with sorghum was 4,400 kg DM/ha. Mean chemical composition was 15.4% ash, 22% CP, 31% NDF, 26% ADF and 5.8% ADL, while IVDMD was 61%. Mineral concentrations were: 0.6% Ca, 0.23% P, 1.5% K, 0.78% Mg, 0.01% Na, 0.27% S, 0.16% Fe, 4.4 mg/kg Cu, 45 mg/kg Mn and 12.3 mg/kg Zn. Chimero appears useful as a supplement for feeding to ruminant animals, provided no anti-nutritional factors are present. A self-sown legume that can produce at least 4 t DM/ha with 22% CP when growing with a sorghum crop seems worthy of further investigation. Further studies are needed to assess the impacts on grain and stover yields when chimero is sown with grain crops of sorghum and maize, as well as effects on soil N. The role of this legume in association with grasses warrants investigation. Multi-site evaluation of a range of ecotypes could identify more productive lines.

scholarly journals Chemical investigation of wood tree species in a temperate forest east-northern Romania

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxanda Bodirlau ◽  
Iuliana Spiridon ◽  
Carmen Alice Teaca
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact

A quantitative evaluation of wood chemical components for some tree species in a forest area from east-northern Romania is presented here, through a comparative study from 1964 to 2000. Investigation upon the wood tree-rings in a Quercus robur L. tree species, as a dominant species, as regards its chemical composition and structure of the natural polymer constituents - cellulose and lignin - was also performed through chemical methods to separate the main wood components, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Having in view the impact of climate and external factors (such as pollutant depositions), some possible correlations between wood chemical composition and its further use can be made. The FT-IR spectra give evidence of differences in the frequency domains of 3400-2900 cm-1 and 1730-1640 cm-1, due to some interactions between the chemical groups (OH, C=O). The crystallinity index of cellulose presents variations in the oak wood tree-rings. Thermogravimetry analyses show different behaviour of cellulose at thermal decomposition, as a function of radial growth and tree’s height. A preliminary chemical investigation of oak wood sawdust shows a relatively high content of mineral elements (ash), compared with a previous study performed in 1964, fact that may indicate an intense drying process of the oak tree, a general phenomenon present in European forests for this species.

scholarly journals Effect of captive rearing on meat and haemolymph nutritional characteristics of snail (Archachatina marginata swainson)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677-1680
Author(s):  
I.E. Odiaka ◽  
A.S. Kehinde ◽  
O.O. Babatunde ◽  
T.A. Adebisi-Fagbohungbe ◽  
F.A. Abuldulazeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Captive Rearing

An experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the impact of treatment, which is the source of snail (wild and captive reared) on the proximate and mineral composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe and Mn) of the meat and haemolymph of African land snails (Archachatina marginata). Ninety (90) adult snails (250.00 + 0.5g) were randomly distributed into two (2) treatments, each of three replicates, (15 snails per replicate), in a Complete Randomized Design. Samples of meat and haemolymph collected using standard procedures were subsequently analyzed for their nutritional qualities, using standard chemical analytical procedures. All data collected were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, while significant variation were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test of the same package. The proximate composition of the meat revealed higher (P>0.05) DM (26.00%), Ether extract (2.17%) and NFE (3.57%) in SC, while there was a non-significant variation (P<0.05) in most proximate factors for haemolymph, except NFE (4.27%), which was higher (P>0.05) in SW. The mineral profiling of the meat revealed  elevated (PP>0.05) levels of Fee (22.30mg/kg) and Mn (4.79mg/kg) of SC, the haemolymph recorded improved levels (P>0.05) for all mineral elements in SC. In conclusion, the captive rearing of snail had improved impact on thenutritional qualities of SC.

scholarly journals A comparative study on the effect of processing (soaking, germination and boiling) on nutritional, antinutritional and functional properties of Citrullus Lanatus (watermelon) seed flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Olajumoke Josephine Matthew ◽  
Abubakar Ndaman Saidu ◽  
Ali Audu Jigam ◽  
Ocheme Boniface Ocheme
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Flours

Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed is one of the underutilized crops in Africa. It is a valuable food resource but its usage is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and its poor storage properties. In this study, the comparative effect of processing methods on nutritional, anti-nutritional and functional properties of watermelon seed flour was determined. Methods; Watermelon seeds were subjected to different processing methods (soaking, germination and boiling), dried and milled into flours. Proximate composition, antinutritional factors (tannins, phytates, oxalate, saponins, trypsin inhibitor, and glycogenic glycoside) and functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity) of the flour were determined using standard methods and analytical procedures. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate contents between different processing methods. The value of protein content of the seed flours ranges from 13.25±1.70–18.77±0.63 %. All the anti-nutritional factors were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the processed seed flour when compared to the unprocessed seeds flour. Soaking significantly (p<0.05) increased the concentrations of histidine, threonine, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine when compared with the unprocessed sample. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was seen in arginine, methionine, proline and aspartic acid of all the seed flours. The processed seed flour also exhibited desirable functional properties when compared with the unprocessed seed flour. Conclusion: Soaking, germination and boiling can be used for the reduction of antinutrient contents while improving the nutrient density and bioavailability of water-melon seed flour. Thus the processed seed flour hence may be useful for confectionery products, aerated foods and high nutrient density weaning foods

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