Assessment of the proportion of recent HIV-1 infections in newly-diagnosed cases in Ghana

Abstract Background To assess transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), using as pre-exposure prophylaxis, among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected residents in Shenyang city, northeast China. Methods Demographic and epidemiological information of all newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected residents in Shenyang city from 2016 to 2018 were anonymously collected from the local HIV epidemic database. HIV-1 pol sequences were amplified from RNA in cryopreserved plasma samples and sequenced directly. Viral subtypes were inferred with phylogenetic analysis and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were determined according to the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Recent HIV infection was determined with HIV Limiting Antigen avidity electro immunoassay. Results A total of 2176 sequences (92.4%, 2176/2354) were obtained; 70.9% (1536/2167) were CRF01_AE, followed by CRF07_BC (18.0%, 391/2167), subtype B (4.7%, 102/2167), other subtypes (2.6%, 56/2167), and unique recombinant forms (3.8%, 82/2167). The prevalence of TDR was 4.9% (107/2167), among which, only 0.6% (13/2167) was resistance to TDF/FTC. Most of these subjects had CRF01_AE strains (76.9%, 10/13), were unmarried (76.9%, 10/13), infected through homosexual contact (92.3%, 12/13), and over 30 years old (median age: 33). The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13). Recent HIV infection accounted for only 23.1% (3/13). Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%). Conclusions The prevalence of TDR to TDF/FTC is low among newly diagnosed HIV-infected cases in Shenyang, suggesting that TDR may have little impact on the protective effect of the ongoing CROPrEP project in Shenyang city.

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HIV‐1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV‐1 individuals in Jiangmen, China

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.25741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (12) ◽

pp. 3209-3218

Author(s):

Xin Guan ◽

Min Han ◽

Zhiju Li ◽

Lihua Wang ◽

Donghe Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv 1

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Detection of HIV-1 resistant to antiretroviral drugs among tomsk oblast population with newly diagnosed HIV-infection

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-2-88-96 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 88-96

Author(s):

D. P. Zyryanova ◽

E. M. Astakhova ◽

M. P. Gashnikova ◽

T. N. Ismailova ◽

E. F. Bocharov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

Tomsk Oblast ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv 1

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Low prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance mutations and predominance of HIV-1 clade C at polymerase gene in newly diagnosed individuals from south Brazil

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 116 (1-2) ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Rosangela Rodrigues ◽

Luciene C. Scherer ◽

Cristina M. Oliveira ◽

Heitor Moreira Franco ◽

Rosa Dea Sperhacke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Polymerase Gene ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Antiretroviral Resistance ◽

Clade C ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

South Brazil

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Prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in newly diagnosed drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in a treatment site in the Waterberg District, Limpopo province

South African Medical Journal ◽

10.7196/samj.4391 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julius Nwobegahay ◽

Pascal Bessong ◽

Tracy Masebe ◽

Lufuno Mavhandu ◽

Cecile Manhaeve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limpopo Province ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Treatment Site ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV drug resistance in newly diagnosed adults in a rural prefecture of eastern China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814001174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 663-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. HUA ◽

H. LIN ◽

Y. DING ◽

D. QIU ◽

F. WONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

High Frequency ◽

Eastern China ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv Drug Resistance ◽

Subtype B ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Hiv 1

SUMMARYLittle is known about HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in eastern China where the HIV epidemic is spreading predominantly through sexual contact. During 2008–2011, newly HIV-diagnosed adults in Taizhou prefecture, Zhejiang province in eastern China were examined for HIVDR by amplifying and sequencing the HIV-1 pol gene. Of 447 genotyped participants, 53·7% were infected with CRF01_AE, 20·1% with CRF07_BC, 12·5% with subtype B, and 11·6% with CRF08_BC. Most of the participants had one or more minor genetic mutations in the pol gene that are associated with HIVDR. Twelve (2·7%) participants met the standard guidelines of having low to high HIVDR, suggesting that the prevalence of HIVDR in newly HIV-diagnosed adults was low in the study area and current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are likely to remain effective. However, given high frequency of minor HIVDR in HIV patients and the scaling up of ART programmes in China, larger HIVDR surveillance programmes are needed.

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Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infections in high-risk groups in Karachi, Pakistan

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418785264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (14) ◽

pp. 1400-1406

Author(s):

Zahra Hasan ◽

Sharaf Shah ◽

Rumina Hasan ◽

Shoaib Rao ◽

Manzoor Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

High Risk ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence in Pakistan has been increasing in high-risk groups, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender hijra sex workers (TG-HSWs) nationwide. Effective control of HIV requires early diagnosis of the infection. We investigated recency of HIV infections in newly-diagnosed cases in PWID and TG-HSWs. This was an observational study with convenience sampling. Overall, 210 HIV-positive subjects comprising an equal number of PWID and TG-HSWs were included. Antibody avidity was tested using the Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg) EIA (Maxim Biomedical, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA). The mean age of study subjects was 29.5 years: PWID, 28.5 years and TG-HSWs, 30.4 years. Study subjects were married, 27%, or unmarried. Eighteen percent of individuals had recently-acquired HIV infections: 19% of PWID and 17% of TG-HSWs. Eighty-two percent of individuals had long-term HIV infections: 81% of PWID and 83% of TG-HSWs. This is the first study identification of recent HIV-1 infections in Pakistan. We show that most newly-diagnosed HIV patients in the high-risk groups studied had long-term infections. There is an urgent need for intervention in these groups to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection to reduce transmission in Pakistan.

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Identification of an HIV-1 and Neurosyphilis Cluster in Vermont

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1834 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Devika Singh ◽

William M Switzer ◽

Roy Belcher ◽

Daniel Daltry ◽

Jennifer S Read

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Intervention Specialists ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Sexual Networking

Abstract Background Rates of syphilis in the U.S. have more than doubled over the last several decades, largely among men who have sex with men (MSM). Our study characterizes a cluster of neurosyphilis cases among HIV-1-infected individuals in Vermont in 2017-2018. Methods Vermont Department of Health disease intervention specialists conduct interviews with all newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases and pursued sexual networking analyses. Phylogenetic and network analyses of available Vermont HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences identified clusters of infection. Fishers-exact and independent t-tests were used to compare HIV-1-infected individuals within or outside an identified cluster. Results Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, 38 Vermont residents were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. The mean age was 35.5 years, 79% were male and 82% were white. Risk factors for HIV-1 acquisition included MSM status (79%) and methamphetamine use (21%). Eighteen cases (49%) had HIV-1 viral loads (VLs) >100,000 copies/mL and 47% had CD4 cell counts <200/mm 3. Eleven of the 38 (29%) cases had positive syphilis serology, including four (36%) with neurosyphilis. Sexual networking analysis revealed a ten-person cluster with higher VLs at diagnosis (90% with VLs > 100,000 copies/mL vs. 33%, p=0.015). Phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences showed a cluster of 14 cases with sequences that shared 98-100% HIV-1 nucleotide identity. Conclusions This investigation of newly infected HIV-1 cases in Vermont led to identification of a cluster that appeared more likely to have advanced HIV-1 disease and neurosyphilis. Identification of a cluster was strongly supported by both phylogenetic and network analyses of HIV-1 pol sequences.

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Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Patients in Cyprus (2010–2012)

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S424-S424

Author(s):

Ioannis Demetriades

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Resistance Mutation ◽

Drug Resistance Mutation ◽

High Rate ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype B ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background A molecular epidemiology study of HIV-1 infection was conducted in 100 HIV-1 diagnosed and untreated patients in Cyprus representing 65.4 percent of all the reported HIV-1 infections in Cyprus between 2010 and 2012. Methods Eighty-two patients were newly diagnosed (genotypic drug resistance testing within six months from diagnosis), and 18 patients were HIV-1 diagnosed for a longer period or the diagnosis date was unknown. Results Phylogenetic trees of the pol sequences obtained in this study with reference sequences indicated that subtypes B and A1 were the most common subtypes present and accounted for 41.0 and 19.0% respectively, followed by subtype C (7.0%), F1 (8.0%), CRF02_AG (4.0%), A2 (2.0%), other CRFs (7.0%) and unknown recombinant forms, URFs (12%). Most of newly-diagnosed study subjects were Cypriots (63%), males (78%) with median age 39 (Interquartile Range, IQR 33–48) reporting having sex with other men, MSM (51%). Conclusion A high rate of clustered transmission of subtype B drug-sensitive strains to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors was observed among MSM. Twenty-eight out of forty-one MSM study subjects (68.0%) infected were implicated in five transmission clusters, two of which are subtype A1 and three subtype B strains. The two largest MSM subtype B clusters included nine and eight Cypriot men, respectively, living in all major cities in Cyprus. There were only three newly diagnosed patients with transmitted drug resistant HIV-1 strains, one study subject from the United Kingdom infected with subtype B strain and one from Romania with subtype A2 strain, both with the PI drug resistance mutation M46L and one patient from Greece with subtype A1 strain with the NNRTI drug resistance mutation K103N. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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