scholarly journals Influence of Different Types of Organic Manure and Weeding Frequencies on Weed Parameters and Leafy Yield of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Different Types

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season period at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the influence of different types of organic manure and weeding frequencies on weed parameters and leafy yield of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of  poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times. The weed parameters and yield component observed and measured were common weeds that infested the plots, weed dry weight, weed control index, weed competition index and cumulative leaf yield at 2, 4, 6 WAT and at harvest. The result revealed that the plots were highly infested with three major weed species namely Synedralla nodiflora Gaertn, Gomphrena celosiodes and Cyperus esculentus. Highest weed completion index was obtained from poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT while the least weed competition index was observed with application of cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT and goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT respectively. The result also revealed that application of poultry manure + weed free plots had the highest mean cumulative yield value of 236 kg per hectare, closely followed by plots with application of poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAS (223 kg) per hectare compared to the control treatment that plots that have no organic manure + no weeding that had the least mean cumulative yield value of 111 kg per hectare. The study concludes that the use of poultry manure plus weed free gave the best yield of jute mallow compared to other types of organic manure and the control. It is therefore recommended that farmers in the study area should adopt the use of poultry manure plus weed free treatment to obtain bumper harvest from cultivation of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious).

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. M. Olorukooba ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Mohammed ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and  no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed  and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of  primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of okra influenced by different types of fertilizers and netting

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
MA Muqtadir ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
T Haque ◽  
A Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Different Types

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from March 2017 to June 2017 with a view to evaluate the effect of different types of fertilizer and netting on the growth and yield of okra. The experiment consisted of 4 levels of fertilizer following cow dung 15 t/ha (F1), inorganic fertilizer (NPK) (F2), combined application of cow dung (2/3) + inorganic fertilizer (1/3) (F3), control (F4) and 2 levels of mosquito netting (N0 = control with no netting, N1=blue colour Netting). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Overall, the growth like plant height, leaf length, pod length, pod diameter and pods numbers of okra was found higher from the combined effect of F3N1 which was significantly different from other treatments combination. The lowest growth and yield of okra was found from the treatment combination of F4N0 (control). First flowering were observed in F3N1 at 39 days after planting of okra seeds. The control treatment without net gave the lowest production of okra compared to combination of inorganic fertilizer and cow dung with netting.  In case of fertilizers effect, the highest yield (16.06 t/ha) was found from F3.  Blue colour net gave the highest yield (10.99 t/ha) compared to without net (8.88 t/ha). The highest yield of okra (17.55 t/ha) was found from the combined effect of F3N1 which was 78.52% higher compared to control treatment combination F4N0 (3.77 t/ha). Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 1-9, 2019

Effect of organic manure on growth and proximate composition of Treculia africana var. deene seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
O. J. Idowu ◽  
O. M. Arigbede ◽  
J. A. Olanite ◽  
M. O. Adedire ◽  
S. A. Adeoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Number Of Branches

A study on the effect of organic manure on seedling growth and proximate composition of T. africana seedlings was conducted to influence the growth and improve the nutritive quality of the plant as an alternative source of feed for dry season feeding. Three months old seedlings of T. africana were transplanted on the field containing samples of organic manure (poultry and cow dung) mix with top soil in a ratio of one kilogram of soil to 25 g of manure and a control (without manure) in a Randomized Complete Block Design which was replicated thrice. The seedlings were assessed for plant height, number of foliage, collar diameter and number of branches. Samples of the seedlings foliage were collected across the treatments and analyzed for proximate composition after the eighth week of transplanting. Seedlings under cow dung application recorded a significantly (P>0.05) higher values for number o foliage per plant (21.82), plant height (66.58 cm), collar diameter (12.96 mm) and number of branches (4.20) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP), followed by seedlings to which poultry manure was applied and lastly by the control. Proximate composition showed that the dry matter (DM) content values of the samples were high which ranged from 894.60- 896.30 g/ kg DM (p<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content followed the same trend as the DM with its values ranging between 143.6 and 149.30 g/kg DM (p<0.05) and the ether extract (EE) values ranging between 22.20 and 23.50 g/kg DM (p<U.05) for the samples collected respectively. The ash content did not vary significantly between the different manure and the control. The Crude fibre was quite significantly (p<0.05) low in the samples ranging from 162.10 and 166.70 g/kg DM. This study showed that cow dung is the most suitable manure for T. Africana seedlings in terms of mineralization and it is relatively fast when compared with poultry manure, and the application of poultry manure has also it has positively influence the growth and development of T. Africana seedlings while poultry manure increased the digestible fraction (i.e crude protein) of the plant.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management for Tomato-Okraindian Spinach Cropping Pattern

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
S Noor ◽  
NC Shil ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
MK Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Second Year

Field experiment on Tomato-Okra-Indian spinach cropping pattern was     conducted at a farmer’s homestead of Tangail (AEZ 8) during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to find out a suitable combination of chemical fertilizers and organic manure for sustainable crop yield. There were 5 treatments comprising different percentages of the recommended chemical fertilizers (RCF) with two levels (0 and 5 t/ha) for tomato and three levels (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) for okra each of poultry manure and cowdung. No organic manure was used for the third crop Indian Spinach. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. An amount of 75% dose of RCF (N150P40K80S20Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 5 t/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing tomato yield 95.3 t/ha and 88.2 t/ha for the first year and  second year, respectively. Again, an amount of 75% dose of RCF(N120P35K70S15Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha appeared as the best package providing the highest okra yield (15.03 t/ha and 12.98 t/ha). The highest yield (36.3 t/ha and 33.7 t/ha for the first and second year, respectively) of Indian Spinach was recorded from (75% recommended N + PM residue), which was statistically identical with (100 % recommended N), but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Poultry manure performed better over cow dung. A package of 75% recommended chemical fertilizer along with 5 t PM/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing higher yield and economic return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11747 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 595-603, December 2011

scholarly journals Lime and Organic Manure Amendment Enhances Crop Productivity of Wheat–Mungbean–T. Aman Cropping Pattern in Acidic Piedmont Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Rounok Jahan ◽  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Israt Jahan Harine ◽  
Mohammad Anamul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Combined Application

Soil acidity is a major problem when it comes to improving crop productivity and nutrient uptake. This experiment was therefore conducted at a farmer’s field—Nalitabari Upazila under AEZ 22 (northern and eastern Piedmont plains) to evaluate the effects of lime and organic manure (OM) amendment on crop productivity and nutrient uptake of the wheat–mungbean–T. Aman cropping pattern in acidic soils of northern and eastern Piedmont plains. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were nine treatments applied, varying doses of lime (dololime at the rate of 1 and 2 t ha−1), OM (cow dung at the rate of 5 t ha−1, poultry manure at the rate of 3 t ha−1) and a lime–OM combination to the first crop; T. Aman and its residual effects were evaluated in the succeeding second crop, wheat, and the third crop, mungbean. Results demonstrate that application of lime and organic manure to soil had significant effects on the first crop. However, the effects of lime and organic manure were more pronounced in the second and third crops. The increase in grain yield over control ranged from 0.24 to 13.44% in BINA dhan7. However, it varied from 10.14 to 54.38% in BARI Gom30 and 40 to 161.67% in BARI Mung6. The straw yields of the crops also followed a similar trend. The N, P, K, and S uptake by grain and straw of T. Aman, wheat, and mungbean were influenced significantly by the combined application of lime and organic manure. Sole or combined application of lime and manure amendment significantly improved nutrient availability and soil quality. Therefore, application of lime in combination with manure can be practiced for uplifting the crop productivity and improving soil quality in acidic Piedmont soils of northern and eastern Piedmont plains.

scholarly journals Effect of different organic manures and fertilizers on growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Md. Anichhul Islam ◽  
Md. Yamin Kabir ◽  
Nubayra Tasnim Shuvra ◽  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different manures and fertilizers on the growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) at Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna from November 2014 to February 2015. The single factor experiment comprised of different types of fertilizers and manures viz., T0 (Control), T1 (Recommended doses of NPK), T2 (Cow dung), T3 (Vermicompost), T4 (Poultry manure), T5 (50 % Cow dung + 50 % NPK), T6 (50% Vermicompost + 50% Cow dung), T7 (50% Vermicompost + 50 % Poultry manure) and T8 (25% Cow dung+ 25% Vermicompost+ 25% Poultry manure + 25% NPK). The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The maximum plant height was obtained from the treatment T1 at 25, 35 and 45 Days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum spread of canopy was 36.75 cm, 52.50 cm and 66.05 cm from the treatment T3, T7 and T2, respectively. The maximum economic yield (21.92 t/ha) and biological yield (40.083 t/ha) were found in the treatment T1 and T7, respectively. Highest benefit cost ratio (3.07) was obtained from the treatment T1whilethe minimum (0.57) was obtained from T3 which indicates that high cost of vermicompost affect net return severely. Although, T1 produced maximum benefit cost ratio, the treatment T4 and T2 are very close to T1 and also statistically similar. So, we can consider poultry manure and cow dung for our soil health, environmental benefits and ecological safety.

scholarly journals Abundance and diversity of soil nematodes as influenced by different types of organic manure

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hu ◽  
Y. Qi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Total N ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractNematode abundance and diversity from different types of organic manure soil treatments were investigated in a longterm field experiment carried out in Qu-Zhou experimental station, China Agricultural University. The composts used in the experiment were a traditional compost (C) (60 % straw, 30 % livestock dung, 5 % cottonseed-pressed trash and 5 % brans), traditional compost and chicken dung compost (60 % straw, 30 % chiken dung, 5 % cottonseedpressed trash and 5 % brans) added with effective microorganisms, EMC and EMCDC respectively. Six treatments were arranged according to a randomized block design with three replicates per treatment. Treatments were incorporation into the soil of compost EMC, EMCDC, and C each at the rates of 7.5 and 15 t/ha. Plots were sown with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) every year from 1997 to 2004. Overall, 28 nematode genera were found. Seven genera were bacterivores, 3 genera were fungivores, 13 genera were plantparasites and 5 genera were omnivores-predators. The Rhabditis, Cephalobus, Helicotylenchus were dominant genera in the present study. The bacterivores and plantparasitic nematodes were the dominant trophic groups except in C treatment. Nematode abundance per 100 g dried soil ranged from 372 to 553. Addition of effective microorganism increased the number and proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and decreased the number and proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes compared to traditional compost C. Total number of nematode was significantly influenced by compost amount, but didn’t significantly influence by EM agent. Total abundance of nematode was positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter, total N, available P and K. The long-term addition of EM agent hasn’t adverse effect on soil nematode community.

scholarly journals Effects of Tractorization and Organic Manure on Physical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Abeokuta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
P.O.O. Dada ◽  
J.J. Musa ◽  
O.O. Olla ◽  
J.O. Ohu ◽  
J.K. Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil

Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0.05). Mean bulk density for the passes were 1.21, 1.26, 1.31, 1.27 and 1.29 g/cm3 respectively and bulk density increased with tractor passes. The effect of tractor passes, and manure incorporation rate did not have any significant effect on gravimetric moisture content. Poultry manure increased bulk density and penetrometer resistance on plots than swine manure and cow dung hence poultry manure at 10 t/ha can be incorporated on a sandy loam soil to enhance soil fertility and sustainability. Keywords: Tractorization, organic manure, sandy loam, penetration resistance, bulk density

scholarly journals Economics of Hybrid Maize Production Using of Lignite and Poultry Manure Based Humin in an Acid Soil of Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Chandrakant . ◽  
G. G. Kadalli ◽  
P. K. Basavaraja
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Aims:   To study the effect of lignite humin (LH) and poultry manure humin (PMH) application on economics of hybrid maize production in an acid soil of eastern dry zone of Karnataka. Study Design: Randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising ten treatments and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru rural district (Karnataka) during kharif 2018. Methodology: A field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments, replicated thrice during kharif 2018 at Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka. The Lignite Humin (LH) and Poultry Manure Humin (PH) were applied at different doses (0, 2.5, 7.5 & 10 t ha-1) in combination with FYM (Farm Yard Manure) applied in such a way that the total quantity of humin and FYM is equivalent to 10 t ha-1. Results: The results revealed that significant variation was observed on yield and benefit: Cost ratio due to application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), LH and PMH. Significantly higher maize kernel (8070 kg ha-1) and stover yield (9948 kg ha-1) were recorded in treatment T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) and which was found on par with treatment T7 (100% RDF + PMH @ 2.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1) and T3 (100% RDF + LH @ 2.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1) and T8 (100% RDF + PMH @ 5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5 t ha-1). Wherein, higher B:C ratio of 2.24 was recorded in treatment T10 receiving 100% RDF + PMH @ 10 t ha-1and it was followed by treatment receiving T2(2.21) and T9 : 100% RDF + PMH @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 (2.20). Whereas the least B:C ratio (1.72) was observed in the absolute control treatment where no manures and fertilizers were given. Conclusion: These results suggest that higher B:C ratio in these treatments might be due to lower cost of cultivation and it increases with increased in dose of lignite and poultry manure based humin.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Hybrid Maize as Influenced by Fertilizer Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Md. Maidul Hasan ◽  
Tushar Kanti Ray ◽  
K. M. Manirul Islam ◽  
S.M. Younus Ali ◽  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Hybrid Maize

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during the rabi season (December to May), 2012-13 to study the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and development of hybrid maize (Denali). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete block Design with three replications with 30 plots. Ten fertilizer treatments (T1= Compost, T2= Cow dung, T3= Poultry manure, T4= Recommended fertilizer dose, T5= Compost + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T6= Compost + Full recommended fertilizer dose, T7= Cow dung + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T8= Cow dung + Full recommended fertilizer dose, T9= Poultry manure + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T10= Poultry manure + Full recommended fertilizer dose. The recommended fertilizer dose was 500 Kg ha-1 urea + 250 Kg ha-1 TSP + 200 Kg ha-1 MP + 15 Kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 6 Kg ha-1 Boric Acid. And the rate of Compost, Cow dung and Poultry manure was 10t/ha. The effect of different manure and fertilizer doses on the yield and yield attributes were significant. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, weight of stem per plant, weight of leaves per plant, length of cob, grain weight per cob, diameter of cob, no. of grains per row, no. of total grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, yield plant-1, yield ha-1 were significantly affected by different manures and fertilizer uses with different doses. The treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 and T10 gave grain yield 10.16, 9.09, 8.49, 14.34, 13.35, 18.12, 11.99, 17.09, 11.40 and 15.98 t ha-1, respectively. The T6 Treatment gave higher grain yield (18.12) t ha-1 and the T3 treatment performed lowest grain yield (8.49 t ha-1). The application of compost and full dose fertilizer is higher yielding. Balance nutrition with enough organic matter enrichment of the soil is the cause of this result.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document