State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

scholarly journals The Work of Expert Testimony: Central Americans, Human Rights Defenders, and Immigration Courts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Burns ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Central Americans ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
History Of

Anthropologists have worked in legal arenas as experts on civil, criminal, and asylum cases throughout the history of the discipline. Today expert witnesses give opinions on the conditions of countries where immigrants flee, and that work includes ethnographic interviewing, research into the causes of political and social violence, and appearing in court through written affidavits and personal testimony. Expert testimony today includes helping in the defense of people fleeing intimate partner violence, persecution based on sexual orientation, threats and violence by gangs, and those whose political opinions put them at risk. Immigrants in the United States face institutional culture shock, structural violence, and criminalization of their lives. Case studies of immigration, civil, and criminal cases illustrate how theory and practice intersect in the harsh light of court cases.

International Use of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ranavaya ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Accident Compensation ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In the United States, the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) is used in state and federal workers’ compensation systems and in automobile casualty and personal injury arenas. The AMA Guides is used in similar ways internationally. Most workers’ compensation jurisdictions in Canada use the AMA Guides formally by statute or regulation or accept its use informally as a standard tool to rate impairment. In Australia, the AMA Guides is used in both federal (Australian Commonwealth) and individual states’ (or territories’) compensation schemes; two tables show how almost all states in Australia have legislated various editions of the AMA Guides for use in workers’ compensation and motor traffic accident compensation schemes. New Zealand's Accident Compensation Commission (ACC) previously used the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition; beginning in July 2011 ACC uses the sixth edition. Hong Kong uses the AMA Guides as a reference in evaluating workers’ compensation and motor vehicle claims; Malaysia uses the AMA Guides officially in adjudication; and impairment rating in Asian countries such as Taiwan, Korea, and Singapore are influenced by the philosophy and principles of the AMA Guides. South Africa uses the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, to determine serious injury, and other editions are used in South Africa's workers’ compensation schemes. Many countries in Europe and the Middle East use the AMA Guides as a reference for determining impairment and in workers’ compensation and social welfare schemes.

Money, Credit and Bank Behaviour: Need for a New Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. F73-F82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.E. Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Bank Lending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Money Multiplier ◽  
Core Content ◽  
History Of ◽  
Image Position

The standard approach, in teaching and textbooks, to explaining the determination of both the supply of money, and the provision of bank credit to the private sector, has been the money multiplier approach, whereby the Central Bank sets the high-powered monetary base, and then the stock of money is a multiple of that. The greatest book on Monetary History ever written, Friedman and Schwartz (1963), Monetary History of the United States, was constructed around this same analytical framework of the money multiplier, whereby M, the money supply, would increase by a large multiple of the change in the high-powered monetary base, H. M=H⋅(1+C/D)(R/D+C/D) Yet when the authorities in the major developed countries attempted to use this relationship to expand the money stock (and bank lending) by force-feeding the banks with base money (H), in the process of Quantitative Easing (QE) in 2009, the prior relationships collapsed.

Myanmar

2019 ◽  
pp. 524-548
Author(s):  
Catherine Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peremptory Norm ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Extreme Responses ◽  
The Military ◽  
State Resistance

This chapter discusses international law in Myanmar. The efforts of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Commission of Inquiry to eradicate the use of forced labour in Myanmar, and the nature of the military regime’s response to these efforts, represent a remarkable chapter in the history of international law. Of note, first, is the determination of the ILO to test the limits of its power to enforce compliance with the resolutions of its governing body. Second, Myanmar’s engagement with the ILO clarified the vexed issue of what constitutes a peremptory norm of international law. Third, civil litigation in the United States around the issue of forced labour by transnational corporations in Myanmar uncovered the scope and potential for domestic courts to apply international law. Finally, Myanmar’s variable and often extreme responses to the Commission’s findings demonstrate the dynamics of state resistance to and engagement with international law.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjug Borgundvaag ◽  
Wil Ng ◽  
Brian Rowe ◽  
Kevin Katz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

ABSTRACTBackground:Community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) worldwide. The prevalence of MRSA in SSTIs across Canada has not been well described. Studies in the United States have shown significant geographic variability in the prevalence of MRSA. This study characterizes the geographic prevalence and microbiology of MRSA in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments with SSTIs.Methods:Using a prospective, observational design, we enrolled patients with acute purulent SSTIs presenting to 17 hospital emergency departments and 2 community health centres (spanning 6 Canadian provinces) between July 1, 2008, and April 30, 2009. Eligible patients were those whose wound cultures grewS. aureus. MRSA isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All patients were subjected to a structured chart audit, and patients whose wound swabs grew MRSA were contacted by telephone to gather detailed information regarding risk factors for MRSA infection, history of illness, and outcomes.Results:Of the 1,353S. aureus–positive encounters recorded, 431 (32%) grew MRSA and 922 (68%) wounds grew methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus. We observed significant variation in both the prevalence of MRSA (11–100%) and the proportion of community-associated strains of MRSA (0– 100%) across our study sites, with a significantly higher prevalence of MRSA in western Canada.Interpretation:MRSA continues to emerge across Canada, and the prevalence of MRSA in SSTIs across Canada is variable and higher than previously expected.

The Washington, D.C. Experience with Uncontrolled Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death: Promises and Pitfalls

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy A. Light
Keyword(s):  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Deceased Donor Kidney ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expanded Criteria

As of January 1, 2008, over 98,000 people are waiting for organ transplants in the United States of America. Of those, nearly 75,000 are waiting for a kidney. In this calendar year, fewer than 15,000 will receive a kidney transplant from a deceased donor. The average waiting time for a deceased donor kidney now exceeds five years in virtually all metropolitan areas. Sadly, nearly as many people die waiting as there are deceased donors each year, despite monumental efforts by the entire transplant community to increase both the number of organ donors and the number of organs recovered from each donor. The imbalance between demand and supply has led to considerable efforts to expand the criteria for what is considered an acceptable organ donor by the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN), thereby hoping somewhat to assuage the shortfall of donor organs. So-called Expanded Criteria Donors (ECDs) may be older than 50, have history of hypertension, or have died from intracerebral hemorrhage and/or have impaired renal function. ECDs now make up nearly 40% of the donor population.

Impairment and Disability Compensation Systems in the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Ranavaya ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
The Right

Abstract Although several states use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) when they evaluate individuals with impairments and disabilities, various disability systems exist in the United States. Disability and compensation systems have arisen to ensure that disadvantaged members of society with a medically determinable impairment, which may lead to a disability, have recourse to compensation from various sources, including state and federal workers’ compensation laws, veterans’ benefits, social welfare programs, and legal avenues. Each of these has differing definitions of disability, entitlement, benefits, procedures of claims application, adjudication, and the roles and relative weights assigned to medical vs administrative deliberations. Workers’ compensation statutes were enacted because of inadequacies of recovery from claims for injured workers under common law. Workers’ compensation is a no-fault system adopted to resolve the dilemmas of tort claims by providing automatic coverage to employees injured during the course of employment; in exchange for coverage, employees forego the right to sue the employer except for wanton neglect. Other workers’ compensation programs in the United States include the Federal Employees Compensation Act; the Federal Employers Liability Act (railroads); the Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act); the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act; the Department of Veterans Affairs; Social Security; and private, long-term disability insurance.

Impairment Tutorial: Consistency in Measurement

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Industrial Accident ◽  
Us States ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Medical Directors ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract The International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions (IAIABC) is an organization of medical directors, administrators, and administrative law judges for workers’ compensation systems. It was founded in 1914, and current membership represents 41 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, 9 Canadian provinces, and 3 other governments in a forum for education and discussion regarding the various medical, legal, and administrative issues in workers’ compensation systems. In 2001, the IAIABC formed an Occupational Impairment Rating Guide Committee to study the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) and to suggest revisions specific to workers’ compensation. The committee's goal is to create a supplement to the AMA Guides for jurisdictions to consider for adoption to clarify and/or to replace methodology in the AMA Guides to make impairment rating more uniform and consistent. The IAIABC Guides has been developed to address impairment of the musculoskeletal system and impairment due to chronic pain with the goal of minimizing or eliminating the need for multiple independent medical evaluations and “dueling doctor depositions.” There are no plans to write supplemental guides for impairment of other body systems, and AMA and IAIABC are engaged in active dialog during the development of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition.

History of a pine false webworm (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) outbreak in northern New York

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Douglas C Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Central State ◽  
North Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Acantholyda Erythrocephala

A sustained outbreak of pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), in northern New York is unprecedented in its extent and duration. White pine, Pinus strobus L., is the preferred host in this region. What began as a 30-ha infestation of this introduced sawfly in 1981 affected 5440 ha of white pine distributed throughout 231 000 ha in St. Lawrence and Franklin counties by 1995. Occurrence of A. erythrocephala in the United States has been documented in eight northeastern and one north-central state (Connecticutt, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin) and three Canadian provinces (Alberta, Newfoundland, and Ontario). Possible explanations for the occurrence and tenure of the current outbreak in New York are discussed.

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