scholarly journals Enrolling Research Participants in Private Practice: Conflicts of Interest, Consistency, Therapeutic Misconception, and Informed Consent

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Misconception ◽  
Research Participants

Commentary 1: Research with Persons Under Involuntary Commitment—Ethical Issues Surrounding Competence and Voluntariness

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Matthé Scholten ◽  
Jochen Vollmann
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Involuntary Commitment ◽  
Proxy Consent ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Research

In this case commentary, we analyze ethical concerns that were raised in response to an interview with a woman with bipolar disorder who was under involuntary commitment. We focus on competence and voluntariness as two prerequisites for valid informed consent. We recommend that judgments of competence be based on whether prospective research participants sufficiently possess certain decision-making abilities. Based on this functional approach, we argue that manic symptoms need not undermine competence and that, even if we were to assume that the research participant became incompetent during the interview, this would not invalidate her consent retroactively. It would, however, compromise her ability to revoke her consent. We furthermore show that obtaining additional proxy consent for research participation may compromise the autonomy of service users who are competent to consent. Then we turn to the issue of voluntariness. Arguing that neither the great strength nor the external etiology of a desire compromises voluntariness, we propose that the voluntariness of a decision instead depends on whether the decision-maker endorses it on reflection. The researchers disclosed that prospective research participants’ decision about study participation would have no influence on the duration of the commitment or the quality of care. We contend that because of this neither coercion nor undue influence was exerted in the informed consent process. Nevertheless, there is an increased likelihood of perceived coercion and undue influence under conditions of involuntary commitment, and we close by suggesting some safeguards to prevent this.

scholarly journals Nursing Faculties’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Research Ethics According to Demographic Characteristics and Institutional Environment in Korea

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402091454
Author(s):  
Sukhee Ahn ◽  
Geum Hee Jeong ◽  
Hye Sook Shin ◽  
Jeung-Im Kim ◽  
Yunmi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Nursing Faculty ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Difficulty Index

This study, conducted in the Republic of Korea, analyzed nursing faculty members’ knowledge of and attitudes toward research ethics according to their characteristics and the institutional environment. A survey was conducted from April 24 to July 23, 2017. The participants were 210 nursing professors from 57 universities in Korea. The survey questionnaire gathered information on participants’ characteristics, their knowledge of and attitudes toward research ethics, and their perceived training needs. A relatively low difficulty index was found for knowledge items dealing with conflicts of interest (0.66), copyright (0.65), and plagiarism and duplicate publications (0.17) than for the other six items. Of the 12 items assessing attitudes toward research ethics, use of a plagiarism-checking program and reviewing manuscripts from members of one’s own research group had the lowest scores. The knowledge level of participants whose institutions provided a plagiarism-checking program was higher than those whose institutions did not. Former group also showed better attitudes toward research ethics. High-priority training needs were obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, writing informed consent forms, and obtaining informed consent for studies on children and pregnant women. A more intensive training program for nursing faculty is required on specific topics, including conflicts of interest, copyright, plagiarism, duplicate publications, IRB approval, and informed consent. Furthermore, all nursing institutions in Korea should provide a plagiarism-checking program to faculty members.

scholarly journals Informed Consent and the Disclosure of Clinical Results to Research Participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Blasimme ◽  
Celine Moret ◽  
Samia A. Hurst ◽  
Effy Vayena
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Research Participants

Ethics (Informed Consent and Conflicts of Interest)

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Kara K. Rossfeld ◽  
Jordan M. Cloyd ◽  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Timothy M. Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest

The Interview as a Cultural Performance and the Value of Surrendering Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Markus Göransson
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Oral History Interviews

This chapter looks into Markus Göransson's reports from Tajikistan. It demonstrates how the mere use of the word “interview” could scare cautious non-elite research participants in violent and/or illiberal contexts away. It recounts Göransson's field research while being equipped with literature-based knowledge on how to conduct oral history interviews and secure the informed consent of interlocutors. The chapter explains how Göransson gathered data ad hoc, in informal, private, and often group settings, requiring flexibility and creativity on his behalf and a willingness to relinquish control of the process to some extent. It points out the deep affinities between the states' disciplining techniques and scientific research method.

This isn’t going to end well: Fictional representations of medical research in television and film

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Fisher ◽  
Marci D. Cottingham
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
White Male ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Fictional Representations

Fictional television shows and films convey cultural assumptions about scientists and the research enterprise. But how do these forms of entertainment portray medical research participants? We sampled 65 television shows and films released between 2004 and 2014 to determine the ways in which medical research and human participants are represented in popular media. We found that research participants are largely represented as White, male, and lower or working class and that 40% of the participants depicted in these fictional accounts were seeking financial compensation, 34% were hoping for a therapeutic benefit, and 15% were coerced into participation. Regardless of participant motivation, media representations tended to portray a negative outcome of medical research. Interpreting the themes in these media, we argue that these fictional portrayals might provide the public with valuable representations of medical research, especially in terms of risks to research participants, scientific failure, and researchers’ conflicts of interest.

Ethical Conduct of Clinical Trials, Institutional Review Boards, Informed Consent, and Financial Conflicts of Interest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian B. Ramers
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Us ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Study Designs

Ethics and conflicts of interest are important considerations when planning and carrying out research. It is the role of the institutional review board to weigh these against protection of the research subject when evaluating research proposals. The ethical considerations when performing research include basic ethical principles (e.g., autonomy, confidentiality, non-maleficence, informed consent, beneficence, justice, and utility), as well as nuances such as appropriate study designs, investigator conflict of interests, and bias in all its forms. To help guide clinicians, a number of professional and governmental organizations have published guidelines and recommendations on various aspects of clinical research (e.g., the American Medical Association, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration).

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