Depressive Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder

Psychiatry ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 902-965
Author(s):  
Dean F. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

The chapter discusses depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) or dysthymia. These disorders are marked by severe, prolonged episodes of dejected mood and/or loss of interest and pleasure in rewarding activities (anhedonia), and may be accompanied by somatic symptoms involving sleep, appetite, and so on. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The author concludes that depressive disorders can be classified as a defense activation (D-type) conditions.

scholarly journals Depressive Disorders

Psychology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Riso ◽  
Matthew Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

Depression is distinguished from ordinary sadness by its greater duration, severity, and impact on functioning. It is a highly prevalent condition, often with an early onset. Nearly a quarter of all individuals will experience a diagnosable depression at some point in their lifetimes. The early onset and recurrent nature of depression contribute to making it the most burdensome illness in the entire world, according to the World Health Organization. Over the last thirty years, the diagnosis of depression has changed little. Since 1980, every edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has included a category for severe acute depression (i.e., “major depression” or “major depressive disorder”) and a category for chronic depression (i.e., “dysthymia,” “dysthymic disorder,” or “persistent depressive disorder”). The current edition of the DSM (DSM-5) includes two main categories, “major depressive disorder” and “persistent depressive disorder.” Owing, perhaps, to its high prevalence rate and societal impact, depression is very well studied.

The Unified Protocol for Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
James F. Boswell ◽  
Laren R. Conklin ◽  
Jennifer M. Oswald ◽  
Matteo Bugatti
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Work

Major depressive disorder (MDD) can be a chronic, debilitating condition that for many individuals waxes and wanes over time. In addition, MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders demonstrate a high level of comorbidity with anxiety disorders. This chapter describes the application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders. We first review research supporting the association between depression and higher-order constructs such as neuroticism. Next, we present a clinical case that, combined with module-specific recommendations, further illustrates how UP principles and strategies are implemented in the treatment of primary depression. Finally, we offer recommendations for future work involving the UP for major depression and other depressive disorders.

A further assessment of decision-making in anorexia nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adoue ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
E. Olié ◽  
S. Beziat ◽  
F. Van den Eynde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractObjective:Anorexia nervosa (AN) may be associated with impaired decision-making. Cognitive processes underlying this impairment remain unclear, mainly because previous assessments of this complex cognitive function were completed with a single test. Furthermore, clinical features such as mood status may impact this association. We aim to further explore the hypothesis of altered decision-making in AN.Method:Sixty-three adult women with AN and 49 female controls completed a clinical assessment and were assessed by three tasks related to decision-making [Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task (PRLT)].Results:People with AN had poorer performance on the IGT and made less risky choices on the BART, whereas performances were not different on PRLT. Notably, AN patients with a current major depressive disorder showed similar performance to those with no current major depressive disorder.Conclusion:These results tend to confirm an impaired decision making-process in people with AN and suggest that various cognitive processes such as inhibition to risk-taking or intolerance of uncertainty may underlie this condition Furthermore, these impairments seem unrelated to the potential co-occurent major depressive disorders.

Suicide

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Cukrowicz ◽  
Erin K. Poindexter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Recent Treatment

Suicide is a significant concern for clinicians working with clients experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has indicated that MDD is the diagnosis more frequently associated with suicide, with approximately two-thirds of those who die by suicide suffering from depression at the time of death by suicide. This chapter reviews data regarding the prevalence of suicidal behavior among those with depressive disorders. It then reviews risk factors for suicide ideation, self-injury, and death by suicide. Finally, the chapter provides an empirical overview of treatment studies aimed at decreasing risk for suicide, as well as an overview of several recent treatment approaches showing promise in the reduction of suicidal behavior.

The Use of Art Therapy in Complex Treatment on the Quality of Remission in Patients with Melancholy in Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s777-s777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kozhyna ◽  
V. Korostiy ◽  
S. Hmain ◽  
V. Mykhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive

IntroductionAccording to studies done in recent years regarding the treatment of patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder, a shift of interest from studies evaluating the effectiveness of therapy to the study of remission is seen. Despite significant progress in the development of pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders, difficulty in achieving rapid reduction in depressive symptoms and stable remission in patients with melancholic depression necessitated the search for new approaches to the treatment of this pathology.AimsEvaluating the effectiveness of art therapy in treatment in patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder on the quality of remission.MethodsThe study involved 135 patients – 60 male and 75 female patients aged from 18 to 30 years old. The main group of patients apart the combined treatment also participated in group art therapy with the use of drawing techniques, while the control group – statutory standard therapy.ResultsThe results of the use of art therapy in complex treatment in patients with major depressive disorder is detected primarily in reducing of the level of anxiety at the early stages of treatment (60% of patients have noticed decreasing of melancholic state), as well as improving the quality of life in remission period.ConclusionThese results support the use of art therapy in treatment in patients with melancholy in major depressive disorder during period of active treatment, and after achieving clinical remission contributes to achieving and maintaining high-quality and stable remission with full restoration of quality of life and social functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Novel Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (S5) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Lydiard
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Data from a variety of studies, including the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, have shown that fewer patients achieve remission from symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other depressive disorders after taking the first-prescribed antidepressant treatment than was expected. The goal of treatment is true remission: the complete absence of symptoms. Achieveing less than true remission is associated with MDD recurrence and continued impairment.

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldasarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researcher. We explored whether genetic variation could identify individuals with different metabolic profiles. Loci previously associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder were identified from literature and those overlapping loci genotyped on the Illumina CardioMetabo and Immuno chips (representing cardiometabolic processes and diseases) were selected. In the IMPROVE study (high cardiovascular risk) and UK Biobank (general population) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both mental and cardiometabolic illness. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both cardiometabolic disease and schizophrenia (but not bipolar or major depressive disorders) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. The grouping was replicated in UK Biobank, albeit with less distinction between metabolic profiles. This study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness can identify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document