scholarly journals The contribution of cortical thickness and surface area to gray matter asymmetries in the healthy human brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 6011-6022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Jun Miyata ◽  
Manabu Kubota ◽  
Waldemar Kohl ◽  
Shuraku Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Healthy Human

scholarly journals Asymmetry Map of Human Brain in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Malekzadeh ◽  
Alireza Kashani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Cortical Surface Area ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractAlthough, asymmetry is a central organizational aspect of human brain, it has not been clearly described yet. Here, we have studied structural brain asymmetry in 1113 young adults using data obtained from Human Connectome Project. A significant rightward asymmetry in mean global cerebral cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume as well as volumes of cerebral white matter, cerebellar cortex and white matter, hippocampus, putamen, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and amygdala was observed. Thalamus showed a leftward asymmetry. Regionally, most cerebral cortical regions show a significant rightward asymmetry in thickness. However, cortical surface area and gray matter volume are more evenly distributed between two hemispheres with almost half of the regions showing a leftward asymmetry. In addition, a strong correlation between cortical surface area and gray matter volume as well as their asymmetry indices was noted which results in concordant asymmetry patterns between cortical surface area and gray matter volume in most cortical regions.

scholarly journals Variations in Brain Morphometry Among Healthy Preschoolers Born Very Preterm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Hasler ◽  
Timothy T. Brown ◽  
Natacha Akshoomoff
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sulcal Depth

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal brain injury, which can lead to alterations in brain maturation. Advances in neonatal care have dramatically reduced the incidence of the most significant medical consequences of preterm birth. Relatively healthy preterm infants remain at increased risk for subtle injuries that impact future neurodevelopmental and functioning.AimsTo investigate the gray matter morphometry measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and sulcal depth in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging at 5 years of age in healthy children born very preterm.Study designCohort studySubjectsParticipants were 52 children born very preterm (VPT; less than 33 weeks gestational age) and 37 children born full term.Outcome measuresCortical segmentation and calculation of morphometry measures were completed using FreeSurfer version 5.3.0 and compared between groups using voxel-wise, surface-based analyses.ResultsThe VPT group had a significantly thinner cortex in temporal and parietal regions as well as thicker gray matter in the occipital and inferior frontal regions. Reduced surface area was found in the fusiform area in the VPT group. Sulcal depth was also lower in the VPT group within the posterior parietal and inferior temporal regions and greater sulcal depth was found in the middle temporal and medial parietal regions. Results in some of these regions were correlated with gestational age at birth in the VPT group.ConclusionsThe most widespread differences between the VPT and FT groups were found in cortical thickness. These findings may represent a combination of delayed maturation and permanent alterations caused by the perinatal processes associated with very preterm birth.

scholarly journals Effects of Deafness and Sign Language Experience on the Human Brain: Voxel-based and Surface-based Morphometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McCullough ◽  
Karen Emmorey
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Native Signers ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

We investigated, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), how deafness and sign language experience affect the anatomical structures of the human brain by comparing gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) structures across congenitally deaf native signers, hearing native signers, and hearing sign-naïve controls (n = 90). We also compared the same groups on cortical thickness, surface area, and local gyrification using surface-based morphometry (SBM). Both VBM and SBM results revealed deafness-related changes in visual cortices and right frontal lobe. The GM in the auditory cortices did not appear to be affected by deafness; however, there was a significant WM reduction in left Heschl's gyrus for deaf signers only. The SBM comparisons revealed changes associated with lifelong signing experience: expansions in the surface area within left anterior temporal and left occipital lobes, and a reduction in cortical thickness in the right occipital lobe for deaf and hearing signers. Structural changes within these brain regions may be related to adaptations in the neural networks involved in processing signed language (i.e., visual perception of face and body movements). Hearing native signers also had unique neuroanatomical changes (e.g., reduced gyrification in premotor areas), perhaps due to lifelong experience with both a spoken and a signed language.

scholarly journals Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Zhen Kong ◽  
Samuel R. Mathias ◽  
Tulio Guadalupe ◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Ingrid Agartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Future Studies

AbstractHemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and brain size (indexed by intracranial volume). Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing modest but highly reliable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.Significance StatementLeft-right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population, and how biological factors such as age, sex and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here we describe by far the largest ever study of cerebral cortical brain asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior-posterior 'torque' pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an on-line resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.

scholarly journals Normal age-related brain morphometric changes: nonuniformity across cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 617.e1-617.e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herve Lemaitre ◽  
Aaron L. Goldman ◽  
Fabio Sambataro ◽  
Beth A. Verchinski ◽  
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface Area and Cortical Thickness Asymmetry in the Human and Chimpanzee Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiang ◽  
Timothy J Crow ◽  
William D Hopkins ◽  
Neil Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Comparative study of the structural asymmetry of the human and chimpanzee brain may shed light on the evolution of language and other cognitive abilities in humans. Here we report the results of vertex-wise and ROI-based analyses that compared surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) asymmetries in 3D MR images obtained for 91 humans and 77 chimpanzees. The human brain is substantially more asymmetric than the chimpanzee brain. In particular, the human brain has 1) larger total SA in the right compared with the left cerebral hemisphere, 2) a global torque-like asymmetry pattern of widespread thicker cortex in the left compared with the right frontal and the right compared with the left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe, and 3) local asymmetries, most notably in medial occipital cortex and superior temporal gyrus, where rightward asymmetry is observed for both SA and CT. There is also 4) a prominent asymmetry specific to the chimpanzee brain, namely, rightward CT asymmetry of precentral cortex. These findings provide evidence of there being substantial differences in asymmetry between the human and chimpanzee brain. The unique asymmetries of the human brain are potential neural substrates for cognitive specializations, and the presence of significant CT asymmetry of precentral gyrus in the chimpanzee brain should be further investigated.

Analysis of structural brain MRI and multi-parameter classification for Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingteng Zhang ◽  
Shenquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Parameter Combination

Abstract Incorporating with machine learning technology, neuroimaging markers which extracted from structural Magnetic Resonance Images (sMRI), can help distinguish Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients from Healthy Controls (HC). In the present study, we aim to investigate differences in atrophic regions between HC and AD and apply machine learning methods to classify these two groups. T1-weighted sMRI scans of 158 patients with AD and 145 age-matched HC were acquired from the ADNI database. Five kinds of parameters (i.e. cortical thickness, surface area, gray matter volume, curvature and sulcal depth) were obtained through the preprocessing steps. The recursive feature elimination (RFE) method for support vector machine (SVM) and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) were applied to determine the optimal feature dimensions. Each kind of parameter was trained by SVM algorithm to acquire a classifier, which was used to classify HC and AD ultimately. Moreover, the ROC curves were depicted for testing the classifiers’ performance and the SVM classifiers of two-dimensional spaces took the top two important features as classification features for separating HC and AD to the maximum extent. The results showed that the decreased cortical thickness and gray matter volume dramatically exhibited the trend of atrophy. The key differences between AD and HC existed in the cortical thickness and gray matter volume of the entorhinal cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex. In terms of classification results, an optimal accuracy of 90.76% was obtained via multi-parameter combination (i.e. cortical thickness, gray matter volume and surface area). Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also verified multi-parameter combination could reach a better classification performance (AUC=0.94) after the SVM-RFE method. The results could be well prove that multi-parameter combination could provide more useful classified features from multivariate anatomical structure than single parameter. In addition, as cortical thickness and multi-parameter combination contained more important classified information with fewer feature dimensions after feature selection, it could be optimum to separate HC from AD to take the top two important features of them to construct SVM classifiers in two-dimensional space. The proposed work is a promising approach suggesting an important role for machine-learning based diagnostic image analysis for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Sex differences in cortical and subcortical human brain anatomy

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Herron ◽  
Xiaojian Kang ◽  
David L. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Bending Energy ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Automated Methods

Previous research has reported many sex differences in cortical and subcortical anatomy, but only a subset of findings is consistent across studies. Here, we used improved Freesurfer-based automated methods to analyze the properties of the cortex and seven subcortical structures in young, right-handed subjects (69 male and 69 female), carefully matched in age and education. Significant sex differences were observed. Females had greater gyral complexity (i.e., greater bending energy). In contrast, males had greater unadjusted cortical surface area (+10.3%), but area differences were reduced (to +2.8%) when area was adjusted for total intracranial volume (ICV). There were no significant omnibus sex differences in cortical thickness. Males showed larger unadjusted subcortical gray matter structural volumes, as well as larger ICV-adjusted volumes in the amygdala. These results help to resolve some of the inconsistencies in previous studies of sex differences in brain anatomy.

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