scholarly journals Analysis of Stroma Labeling During Multiple Passage of a Sarcoma Imageable Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (iPDOX) in Red Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Nude Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 3367-3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Kiyuna ◽  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
Yasunori Tome ◽  
Kei Kawaguchi ◽  
Kentaro Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Orthotopic Xenograft ◽  
Multiple Passage

scholarly journals Electrodelivery of Drugs into Cancer Cells in the Presence of Poloxamer 188

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana Tsoneva ◽  
Iordan Iordanov ◽  
Annette J. Berger ◽  
Toma Tomov ◽  
Biliana Nikolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Electrical Pulse ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
Pore Structures

In the present study it is shown that poloxamer 188, added before or immediately after an electrical pulse used for electroporation, decreases the number of dead cells and at the same time does not reduce the number of reversible electropores through which small molecules (cisplatin, bleomycin, or propidium iodide) can pass/diffuse. It was suggested that hydrophobic sections of poloxamer 188 molecules are incorporated into the edges of pores and that their hydrophilic parts act as brushy pore structures. The formation of brushy pores may reduce the expansion of pores and delay the irreversible electropermeability. Tumors were implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of nude mice using HeLa cells, transfected with genes for red fluorescent protein and luciferase. The volume of tumors stopped to grow after electrochemotherapy and the use of poloxamer 188 reduced the edema near the electrode and around the subcutaneously growing tumors.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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