Computational studies to identify the common type‐I and type‐II inhibitors against the CDK8 enzyme

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Ghosh ◽  
Anu Manhas ◽  
Prakash C. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNITY WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvan L. Barach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intact Cell ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Immunity Mechanism ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Pneumococcus Type

1. The antigenic function of a pneumococcus vaccine made from the intact cell was compared with that derived fron a watery extract of the cell free from formed elements. In each instance, the immunity produced was dependent upon type-specific protective substance and not upon the elaboration of the common protein antibody. 2. The vaccine made from the intact cell resulted in both active and passive immunity which began on the 3rd day, increased markedly to the 5th, and remained approximately stationery to the 7th day. In the case of the Berkefeld filtrate of the shaken bacteria and the filtrate of the broth culture, the immunity began on the 4th day, increased to the 5th, and remained approximately stationery to the 7th day. The immunity produced by Pneumococcus Type I vaccine is greater than that produced by Type II. On the 3rd day, mice vaccinated with Type I vaccine resisted 100,000 minimal lethal doses, whereas mice immunized with Type II resisted 10,000 minimal lethal doses. On the 5th day, a larger percentage of mice survived these doses than on the 3rd day. 3. Certain factors related to the preparation and dosage of the vaccine are discussed. 4. As far as the time interval and the degree of immunity produced are concerned, these results suggest the possibility of employing pneumococcus vaccine in suitable doses in the treatment of lobar pneumonia. That an earlier activity of the immunity mechanism could actually be initiated in a patient with lobar pneumonia has still to be demonstrated.

Role of common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of murine mast cells

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Norihiko Watanabe ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kagami ◽  
Akira Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
The Common

Abstract The regulatory roles of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of mast cells were determined using γc-deficient (γc−) and Jak3-deficient (Jak3−) mice. Although the mast cells in γc− and Jak3− mice were morphologically indistinguishable from those in wild-type mice, the number of peritoneal mast cells was decreased in γc− and Jak3− mice as compared with that in wild-type mice. Among γc-related cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-9, but not IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, enhanced the proliferation and survival of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type mice. However, the effects of IL-4 and IL-9 were absent in BMMCs from γc− and Jak3−mice. In addition, IL-4Rα, γc, and Jak3, but not IL-2Rβ or IL-7Rα, were expressed in BMMCs. In contrast, IL-13 did not significantly induce the proliferation and survival of BMMCs even from wild-type mice, and IL-13Rα1 was not expressed in BMMCs. Furthermore, IL-4 phosphorylated the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in BMMCs from wild-type mice but not from γc− and Jak3− mice. These results indicate that γc- and Jak3-dependent signaling is essential for IL-4– and IL-9–induced proliferation and survival of murine mast cells, that the effects of IL-4 are mediated by type I IL-4R and that type II IL-4R is absent on mast cells, and that IL-4 phosphorylates the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in mast cells in a γc- and Jak3-dependent manner.

Patterns of Aneurysm Recurrence After Microsurgical Clip Obliteration

Neurosurgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro M. Spiotta ◽  
Ferdinand Hui ◽  
Albert Schuette ◽  
Shaye I. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Clip Application

Abstract BACKGROUND: Microsurgical clip obliteration remains a time-honored and viable option for the treatment of select aneurysms with very low rates of recurrence. OBJECTIVE: We studied previously clipped aneurysms that were found to have recurrences to better understand the patterns and configurations of these rare entities. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 2 prospectively maintained databases of aneurysm treatments from 2 institutions spanning 14 years to identify patients with recurrence of previously clipped intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS: Twenty-six aneurysm recurrences were identified. Three types of recurrence were identified: type I, proximal to the clip tines; type II, distal; and type III, lateral. The most common type of recurrence was that arising distal to the clip tines (46.1%), and the least frequently encountered recurrence was that arising proximal to the tines (19.2%). Laterally located recurrences were found in 34.6% of cases. CONCLUSION: We describe 3 different patterns of aneurysm recurrence with respect to clip application: those occurring proximal, distal, or lateral to the clip tines.

scholarly journals Specific Proteins in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: New Potential Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Orduña ◽  
Antonia I. Castillo-Rodal ◽  
Martha E. Mercado ◽  
Samuel Ponce de León ◽  
Yolanda López-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diguanylate Cyclase ◽  
Comparative Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
The Common ◽  
Short Chain Dehydrogenase

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been isolated from water, soil, air, food, protozoa, plants, animals, and humans. Although most NTM are saprophytes, approximately one-third of NTM have been associated with human diseases. In this study, we did a comparative proteomic analysis among five NTM strains isolated from several sources. There were different numbers of protein spots fromM. gordonae(1,264),M. nonchromogenicumtype I (894),M. nonchromogenicumtype II (935),M. peregrinum(806), andM. scrofulaceum/Mycobacterium mantenii(1,486) strains, respectively. We identified 141 proteins common to all strains and specific proteins to each NTM strain. A total of 23 proteins were selected for its identification. Two of the common proteins identified (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR and diguanylate cyclase) did not align withM. tuberculosiscomplex protein sequences, which suggest that these proteins are found only in the NTM strains. Some of the proteins identified as common to all strains can be used as markers of NTM exposure and for the development of new diagnostic tools. Additionally, the specific proteins to NTM strains identified may represent potential candidates for the diagnosis of diseases caused by these mycobacteria.

scholarly journals FACTOR XI DEFICIENCY IN AN ARAB FAMILY NOT DUE TO THE COMMON TYPE II OR III MUTATIONS. 968

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
Birte Wistinghausen ◽  
Michael Nardi ◽  
Margaret Karpatkin
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Factor Xi ◽  
Factor Xi Deficiency ◽  
The Common

Field effect and the role of excitons in the photoconductivity of CdS

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Colbow ◽  
A. Jmaeff ◽  
K. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Free Carrier ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Surface Field ◽  
Sensitive Function ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mechanical Surface

For many crystals of cadmium sulfide, the photoconductivity spectrum contains a great deal of structure due to excitons. In particular, two types of spectra have been found: type I, wherein photoconductivity maxima correspond to absorption maxima, and type II, wherein photoconductivity minima correspond to absorption maxima. Various methods have been used to change one type of response into the other, among them, heat treatment, mechanical surface treatment, electron bombardment, and ultraviolet irradiation. The evidence presented in this paper supports the view that the common denominator in all these treatments is the change in the electric field near the surface. The surface field is a sensitive function of defect concentration, adsorbed oxygen, and free carrier concentration.

scholarly journals Study of Acromial Shapes in Relation to Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 087-090
Author(s):  
Pushpa Nagavalli Basavanna ◽  
Roshni Bajpe
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Flat Type ◽  
Shoulder Pathologies

Abstract Introduction Subacromial impingement syndrome is considered to be one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting the shoulder joint. The objectives of the study were to find out the morphology of acromion process and the presence of enthesophytes in male and female scapulae. Methodology The study was done on 100 male and 100 female adult dry human scapulae of different people, collected from the Department of Anatomy, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. Acromial shapes were classified into 4 types—type I (flat), type II (curved), type III (hooked), and type IV (convex). Acromial spurs (enthesophytes), if any, in the anterior one-third of acromion was noted. Results The most common type of acromion found in both the sexes is type I. Even the enthesophytes were more commonly associated with type I acromion. The study revealed that the acromial shape of dried scapulae did not vary significantly with sex. Conclusion In the present study we could find the four types of acromion mentioned in the literature. Since acromial shapes influence the shoulder pathologies involving acromion, the knowledge on acromial morphology and enthesophytes aid the clinicians during its diagnoses and treatment (acromioplasty). Also, data on morphology of acromion could be used for forensic and anthropological purposes for determining gender, ethnicity, and so forth.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the plantar calcaneocuboid ligaments

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Hirotake Yokota ◽  
Ryo Hrabayashi ◽  
Chie Sekine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in morphological features between the long plantar ligament (LPL) and the short plantar ligament (SPL). Methods This investigation examined 50 legs from 25 Japanese cadavers. The LPL and SPL of each leg were classified into one of three types based on the shape and number of fiber bundles. Then, fiber bundle length, fiber bundle width, and fiber bundle thickness were measured. Results The LPL was rectangular in shape (Type I) in 12%, hourglass shape (Type II) in 62%, and triangular in shape (Type III) in 26%. The SPL was a single fiber bundle (Type I-a) in 26%, a surface fiber bundle and a deep fiber bundle (Type I-b) in 60%, and a surface fiber bundle (medial and lateral) and a deep fiber bundle (Type II) in 14%. Regarding the morphological characteristics, there were no significant differences among the types in the LPL, but there were differences between types and between surface and deep fiber bundles in the SPL. Conclusions For the LPL, the hourglass shape is the most common type. However, there appeared to be no functional difference due to the difference in the shape of the LPL, since there were no significant differences among the types in the LPL. For the SPL, there were types of single, double and triple fiber bundles; there may be functional differences based on the number of fiber bundles and between superficial and deep fibers.

Role of common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of murine mast cells

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180
Author(s):  
Kotaro Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Norihiko Watanabe ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kagami ◽  
Akira Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
The Common

The regulatory roles of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of mast cells were determined using γc-deficient (γc−) and Jak3-deficient (Jak3−) mice. Although the mast cells in γc− and Jak3− mice were morphologically indistinguishable from those in wild-type mice, the number of peritoneal mast cells was decreased in γc− and Jak3− mice as compared with that in wild-type mice. Among γc-related cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-9, but not IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, enhanced the proliferation and survival of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type mice. However, the effects of IL-4 and IL-9 were absent in BMMCs from γc− and Jak3−mice. In addition, IL-4Rα, γc, and Jak3, but not IL-2Rβ or IL-7Rα, were expressed in BMMCs. In contrast, IL-13 did not significantly induce the proliferation and survival of BMMCs even from wild-type mice, and IL-13Rα1 was not expressed in BMMCs. Furthermore, IL-4 phosphorylated the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in BMMCs from wild-type mice but not from γc− and Jak3− mice. These results indicate that γc- and Jak3-dependent signaling is essential for IL-4– and IL-9–induced proliferation and survival of murine mast cells, that the effects of IL-4 are mediated by type I IL-4R and that type II IL-4R is absent on mast cells, and that IL-4 phosphorylates the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in mast cells in a γc- and Jak3-dependent manner.

Hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances in Waardenburg syndrome with reference to WS Type II

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhong Liu ◽  
Valerie Newton ◽  
Andrew Read
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impaired Group ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

AbstractThirty families in which there were 149 individuals affected by the Waardenburg syndrome (WS) were investigated for penetrance of hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities. Twenty two families contained 89 individuals affected by WS Type II and eight families with 60 individuals affected by Type I. A bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss was found to be the most common type of hearing loss. The most frequent degree of hearing loss category was a hearing loss of > 100dB HL with no difference between syndrome types.Although there was no significant difference in the frequency of pigmentation disorders between Type I and II, considering these abnormalities as a whole, heterochromia irides was more common in Type II than Type I and other pigmentation disorders were more frequent in Type I: 62 per cent of Type I patients had more than one pigmentary defect, but only 28 per cent of Type II. Pigmentary disturbances were not significantly more frequent in the hearing impaired group than in the normally hearing group in either Type I or II when taking into account the occurrence of only one pigmentation disorder. There was a significantly higher proportion of pigmentary defects in the hearing impaired group with Type I when only those having more than one pigmentary abnormality were compared: 93.3 per cent of Type I patients and 88.5 per cent of Type II patients with a profound hearing loss had pigmentary defects. The frequency of pigmentation disorders was not greater when the hearing loss was more severe in either type. Penetrance for hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities showed marked intrafamilial and interfamilial variation.

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