Trade deals need strict antibiotic rules, say MPs

2021 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 460-460
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deals

Concealing Conflict Markets: How Rebels and Firms Use State Institutions to Launder Wartime Trade

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Rachel Sweet
Keyword(s):  
State Agencies ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Rebel Governance ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Deals

Abstract Although rebel groups are players on the international stage, little is known about their financial strategies at this scale. Existing research suggests that rebels succeed in cross-border trade by using informal networks that evade state authority. Yet rebels face a critical challenge: they operate in a normative environment that values state recognition and penalizes their illegitimate status. New evidence reveals that rebels can overcome this barrier and better connect to global economies not by evading the state but by infiltrating its institutions. Drawing on unprecedented data—the internal records of armed groups and their trading partners—I examine how rebels use state agencies in conflict zones to manufacture a legal cover for wartime trade. By using state agencies to provide false certification, rebels can place the stamp of state on their trade deals. This strategy of legal appropriation is a fundamentally different model of how conflict markets skirt sanctions and connect to global buyers. I develop a framework for how this strategy works that traces how international sovereignty norms and sanctions regimes create incentives for rebels, firms, and bureaucrats to coordinate around this legal veneer across the supply chain. The framework and evidence contribute theoretical and policy understandings for rebel governance, state building and fragmentation, and illicit global markets.

Tariff Wars and Trade Deals with Costly Government

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Burbidge ◽  
Gordon Myers
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deals

Price Promotions and Trade Deals with Multiproduct Retailers

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Lal ◽  
J. Miguel Villas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Price Promotions ◽  
Trade Deals

scholarly journals Local Economic and Political Effects of Trade Deals: Evidence from NAFTA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Choi ◽  
Ilyana Kuziemko ◽  
Ebonya Washington ◽  
Gavin Wright
Keyword(s):  
Political Effects ◽  
Trade Deals

Developments Relating to U.S. Trade Negotiations—KORUS, NAFTA, and Trade Promotion Authority

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
Trump Administration

Consistent with his approach on the campaign trail, President Trump has demonstrated a continued interest in revamping U.S. trade agreements. By the late spring of 2018, the Trump administration had negotiated modest changes to the United States-Republic of Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) in favor of U.S. interests. It had yet to reach any final agreement with regard to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), despite the expiration of an initial deadline that was designed to ensure adequate time for a vote on the negotiated agreement by the present Congress. To ease the passage of future trade deals, Trump has triggered the three-year extension of a process that provides expedited congressional consideration of negotiated trade agreements.

EU may struggle to enforce social standards via trade

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

Significance In 2020 the European Commission appointed a Chief Trade Enforcement Officer for the first time, signalling that Brussels is intent on enhancing its capacity to enforce standards agreed in trade deals. However, the EU's experience with South Korea suggests that holding trade partners to account over breaching standards will be difficult. Impacts Relations with trade partners could deteriorate if the EU is seen to be aggressive in enforcing its standards. Concern over China’s willingness to improve labour and environmental standards could impede ratification the EU-China investment agreement. The EU may be reluctant to sanction some partners, such as the United States, that breach labour or environmental standards.

Local Economic and Political Effects of Trade Deals: Evidence from NAFTA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Choi ◽  
Ilyana Kuziemko ◽  
Ebonya Washington ◽  
Gavin Wright
Keyword(s):  
Political Effects ◽  
Trade Deals

Uruguay trade deals will be key to boost recovery

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
Foreign Ministry

Significance The move is part of a trade offensive by President Luis Lacalle Pou, who has instructed the foreign ministry to explore possible FTAs with other countries as well. In a region marked by political conflicts and instability, Uruguay is also seeking to position itself as a model country for investors despite its small domestic market. Impacts Feasibility studies for the possible FTA with China will be done by the end of this year. Planned extra-Mercosur trade talks will clash with Mercosur norms and Argentina’s rejection of extra-bloc trade talks. The outcome of a possible referendum on the government’s key reform package is not yet clear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document