scholarly journals Amino Acid Tandem Repeats within a Late Viral Gene Define the Central Variable Region of African Swine Fever Virus

Virology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. IRUSTA ◽  
M.V. BORCA ◽  
G.F. KUTISH ◽  
Z. LU ◽  
E. CALER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Central Variable Region

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus Isolates in Estonia in 2014–2019

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Vilem ◽  
Imbi Nurmoja ◽  
Tarmo Niine ◽  
Taavi Riit ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
First Case ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Genotype Ii

After the extensive spread of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II in Eastern Europe, the first case of African swine fever (ASF) in Estonia was diagnosed in September 2014. By the end of 2019, 3971 ASFV-positive wild boars were found, and 27 domestic pig outbreaks were reported. A selection of ASFV isolates from wild boar and domestic pigs (during the period of September 2014–2019) was molecularly characterized using standardized genotyping procedures. One of the proven markers to characterize this virus is the central variable region (CVR) within the B602L gene. In summer 2015, a new ASFV genotype II CVR variant 2 (GII-CVR2) was confirmed in Estonia. The results suggest that the GII-CVR2 variant was only confirmed in wild boar from a limited area in southern Estonia in 2015 and 2016. In addition to GII-CVR2, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that resulted in amino acid change was identified within the genotype II CVR variant 1 (GII-CVR1). The GII-CVR1/SNP1 strain was isolated in Estonia in November 2016. Additional GII-CVR1/SNP1 cases were confirmed in two neighbouring counties, as well as in one outbreak farm in June 2017. Based on the available data, no GII-CVR2 and GII-CVR1/SNP1 have been reported by other affected European countries. The spread of variant strains in Estonia has been limited over time, and restricted to a relatively small area.

scholarly journals Novel Swine Virulence Determinant in the Left Variable Region of the African Swine Fever Virus Genome

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 3095-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Neilan ◽  
L. Zsak ◽  
Z. Lu ◽  
G. F. Kutish ◽  
C. L. Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Marker Rescue ◽  
Virulence Determinant ◽  
Gene Deletion Mutant

ABSTRACT Previously we have shown that the African swine fever virus (ASFV) NL gene deletion mutant E70ΔNL is attenuated in pigs. Our recent observations that NL gene deletion mutants of two additional pathogenic ASFV isolates, Malawi Lil-20/1 and Pr4, remained highly virulent in swine (100% mortality) suggested that these isolates encoded an additional virulence determinant(s) that was absent from E70. To map this putative virulence determinant, in vivo marker rescue experiments were performed by inoculating swine with infection-transfection lysates containing E70 NL deletion mutant virus (E70ΔNL) and cosmid DNA clones from the Malawi NL gene deletion mutant (MalΔNL). A cosmid clone representing the left-hand 38-kb region (map units 0.05 to 0.26) of the MalΔNL genome was capable of restoring full virulence to E70ΔNL. Southern blot analysis of recovered virulent viruses confirmed that they were recombinant E70ΔNL genomes containing a 23- to 28-kb DNA fragment of the Malawi genome. These recombinants exhibited an unaltered MalΔNL disease and virulence phenotype when inoculated into swine. Additional in vivo marker rescue experiments identified a 20-kb fragment, encoding members of multigene families (MGF) 360 and 530, as being capable of fully restoring virulence to E70ΔNL. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the left variable region of the E70ΔNL and Malawi Lil-20/1 genomes identified an 8-kb deletion in the E70ΔNL isolate which resulted in the deletion and/or truncation of three MGF 360 genes and four MGF 530 genes. A recombinant MalΔNL deletion mutant lacking three members of each MGF gene family was constructed and evaluated for virulence in swine. The mutant virus replicated normally in macrophage cell culture but was avirulent in swine. Together, these results indicate that a region within the left variable region of the ASFV genome containing the MGF 360 and 530 genes represents a previously unrecognized virulence determinant for domestic swine.

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation of African swine fever virus from 2017 outbreaks in Zambia: Identification of p72 genotype II variants in domestic pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
Yona Sinkala ◽  
Herman M. Chambaro ◽  
Andrew Chinyemba ◽  
Frank Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
African Region ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious haemorrhagic disease associated with causing heavy economic losses to the swine industry in many African countries. In 2017, Zambia experienced ASF outbreaks in Mbala District (Northern province) and for the first time in Isoka and Chinsali districts (Muchinga province). Meanwhile, another outbreak was observed in Chipata District (Eastern province). Genetic analysis of part of the B646L gene, E183L gene, CP204L gene and the central variable region of the B602L gene of ASF virus (ASFV) associated with the outbreaks in Mbala and Chipata districts was conducted. The results revealed that the ASFV detected in Mbala District was highly similar to that of the Georgia 2007/1 isolate across all the genome regions analysed. In contrast, while showing close relationship with the Georgia 2007/1 virus in the B646L gene, the ASFV detected in Chipata District showed remarkable genetic variation in the rest of the genes analysed. These results suggest that the Georgia 2007/1-like virus could be more diverse than what was previously thought, underscoring the need of continued surveillance and monitoring of ASFVs within the south-eastern African region to better understand their epidemiology and the relationships between outbreaks and their possible origin.

scholarly journals A set of African swine fever virus tandem repeats shares similarities with SAR-like sequences

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Almazan ◽  
J. R. Murguia ◽  
J. M. Rodriguez ◽  
I. de la Vega ◽  
E. Vinuela
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus

scholarly journals Structural insight into molecular inhibitory mechanism of InsP6 on African Swine Fever Virus mRNA-decapping enzyme g5Rp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yan ◽  
Changhui Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xuehui Li ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Mrna Decapping ◽  
Decapping Enzyme ◽  
Rna Interaction

Removal of 5' cap on cellular mRNAs by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) decapping enzyme g5R protein (g5Rp) is beneficial to viral gene expression during the early stages of infection. As the only nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X (Nudix) decapping enzyme encoded in the ASFV genome, g5Rp works in both the degradation of cellular mRNA and hydrolyzation of the diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. Here, we report the structures of dimeric g5Rp and its complex with inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6). The two g5Rp protomers interact head to head to form a dimer, and the dimeric interface is formed by extensive polar and nonpolar interactions. Each protomer composed a unique N terminal helical domain and C terminal classic Nudix domain. As a mRNA decapping enzyme, we identified key residues, including K8, K94, K95, K98, K175, R221, and K243 located on the substrate RNA binding interfaces of g5Rp, are important to RNA binding and decapping enzyme activity. Furthermore, we identified that the g5Rp mediated mRNA decapping was inhibited by the InsP6. The g5Rp/InsP6 complex structure showed that the InsP6 molecules occupy the same regions that primarily mediate g5Rp-RNA interaction, elucidating the roles of InsP6 in the regulation of the viral decapping activity of g5Rp in mRNA degradation. Collectively, these results provide the structural basis of interaction between RNA and g5Rp and highlight the inhibitory mechanism of InsP6 on mRNA decapping by g5Rp.

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus from Domestic Pig Farms in South Korea, 2019

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Ki-Hyun Cho ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Ryu ◽  
Min-Kyung Jang ◽  
Ha-Gyeong Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Pig Farm

On 17 September 2019, the first outbreak of African swine fever in a pig farm was confirmed in South Korea. By 9 October, 14 outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs had been diagnosed in 4 cities/counties. We isolated viruses from all infected farms and performed genetic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all of fourteen ASFV isolates in South Korea belong to genotype II and serogroup 8. Additionally, all isolates had an intergenic region (IGR) II variant with additional tandem repeat sequences (TRSs) between the I73R and I329L genes and showed characteristics of central variable region (CVR) 1 of the B602L gene and IGR 1 of MGF 505 9R/10R genes. These are identical to the genetic characteristics of some European isolates and Chinese isolates.

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