Plant Antioxidants from Agricultural Waste: Synergistic Potential with Other Biological Properties and Possible Applications

Author(s):  
M. Carpena ◽  
P. Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
A. G. Pereira ◽  
A. Soria-Lopez ◽  
F. Chamorro ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sri Sarminah ◽  
Dyna Raya Anugerah ◽  
Marlon Ivanhoe Aipassa ◽  
Agus Din

 This study aims to determine the latest water quality conditions in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties in the DAS Bugis and DAS Wain. Analysis of water sample was conducted at the Water Quality Laboratory of the Department of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. Data analysis refers to the Water Quality Standards based on East Kalimantan Regional Government Regulation No. 02/2011 about Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control. The results showed that the parameters of temperature, colour, TSS, TDS, BOD5, SO4 and NO3 were included in the Class I water quality standards that can be used as drinking water or for other consumption purposes. COD parameters (in the Right River Basin), DO and NH3 (in the River Basin) were included in Class II water quality standards, which can be used for water recreation infrastructure / facilities, freshwater fish farming, animal husbandry and plants irrigation. The pH parameters in the DAS Bugis were included in class IV water quality standards that can only be used to irrigate plants. Pollutant loads that contribute a lot to enter were agricultural and agricultural waste and domestic waste originating from community forest areas.


Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana-Crina Bujor ◽  
Corneliu Tanase ◽  
Mona Elena Popa

Phenolic compounds are a widespread group of secondary metabolites found in all plants, representing the most desirable antioxidants due to their potential to be used as additives in the food industry (inhibition of lipid oxidation), and in cosmetology and medicine (protection against oxidative stress). In recent years, demand for the identification of edible sources rich in phenolic antioxidants, as well as the development of new natural plant products to be used as dietary supplements or pharmaceuticals, has been a great preoccupation. At present, from the “circular economy” perspective, there is an increased interest to use agricultural waste resources to produce high-value compounds. Vaccinium leaves and stems are considered essentially an agro-waste of the berry industry. Scientific studies have shown that phenolic compounds were found in a markedly higher content in the leaves and stems of Vaccinium plants than in the fruits, in agreement with the strongest biological and antioxidant activities displayed by these aerial parts compared to fruits. This paper aims to review the current state of the art regarding the phenolic antioxidants from leaves and stems of two wild Vaccinium species, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), as promising natural resources with pharmaceutical and biological activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Putri Istiqoma Kaharu ◽  
Agustina Monalisa Tangapo ◽  
Susan Marlein Mambu

(Article History: Received March 4, 2021; Revised March 31, 2021; Accepted April 7, 2021) ABSTRAKPemanfaatan kembali limbah pertanian sebagai pupuk organik memiliki prospek yang baik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas lahan melalui perbaikan sifat biologi tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek pemberian amelioran pupuk organik dari limbah jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap peningkatan jumlah populasi mikroba tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan: AA (Amelioran  pupuk organik jagung 40 kg/ha), AB (Amelioran pupuk organik jagung 80 kg/ha), UR (Urea 40 kg/ha), dan K (tanpa amelioran atau urea). Perhitungan jumlah koloni mikroba tanah menggunakan metode hitungan cawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan amelioran pupuk organik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap populasi mikroba tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Perlakuan amelioran pupuk organik jagung tidak menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap diameter batang. Kata kunci: Amelioran; mikroba tanah; pupuk organik; Zea mays L. ABSTRACTThe reuse of agricultural waste as organic fertilizer has good prospects in increasing land productivity by improving soil biological properties. The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of using ameliorant organic fertilizer application from corn waste to increase the number of soil microbial populations and the growth of maize plants (Zea mays L.). The method was using CRD (Complete Random Design), which consist of 4 treatments with three repetitions: AA (Ameliorant corn organic fertilizer 40 kg/ha), AB (Ameliorant corn organic fertilizer 80 kg/ha), UR (Urea 40 kg/ha), and K (without ameliorant or urea). Calculation of the number of soil microbials colonies was using the plate count method. The results showed that the treatment of ameliorant organic fertilizer had a significant effect on soil microbials population and growth of maize on the parameters of plant height and number of leaves. The treatment of organic fertilizer ameliorant showed no effect on stem diameter.Keywords: Ameliorant; Soil microbes; Organic fertilizer; Zea mays L.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kaya ◽  
Arni Buton

Agricultural waste, such as sago ‘ela’ or sago extraction waste, can be used as an organic fertilizer to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. In addition to organic fertilizer from sago ‘ela’, microorganisms can also be used to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sago ‘ela’ compost and antagonistic microorganisms in the process of changing acidity (pH and Al-exc), availability of P, and total N in Ultisols soil. The research took place at the Laboratory of Soil, Water, and Plant Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon, in June - September 2016. The experiment was carried out with a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of 4 x 3, with 3 replications. The treatments of providing sago ‘ela’ compost consisted of: no compost (K0), 15 g/kg of soil (K1), 22, 5 g/kg of soil (K2), 30 g/kg of soil (K3). Inoculum provision of antagonistic microorganisms consisted of: without inoculum (A0), Trichoderma sp inoculum 20 mL (A1), and Azotobacter sp inoculum 20 mL (A2). The experiment used 3 replications. The results showed that soil pH was increased by compost and antagonistic microorganisms. However, the effect of compost does not depend on the presence or absence of antagonistic microorganisms and vice versa. Al-exc concentrations were reduced by compost and microorganisms, but the effect of microorganisms only occurred in the soil without compost and in the treatment of 15 g/kg of soil (K1). Above these compost doses, the effect of microorganisms was not significant. The concentrations of available P and total soil N were increased by compost and microorganisms, and the effect of compost was greater if accompanied by the application of Azotobacter sp. Keywords: acid soil, antagonistic microorganisms, compost, sago‘ela’   ABSTRAK Limbah pertanian, seperti ela sagu atau limbah ekstraksi sagu, dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pupuk organik untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Selain pupuk organik dari ela sagu, mikroorganisme juga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian kompos ela sagu dan mikroorganisme antagonis dalam proses perubahan kemasaman (pH dan Al-dd), ketersediaan P, dan N total pada tanah Ultisols. Penelitian berlangsung di Laboratorium Analisis Tanah, Air, dan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura Ambon, pada bulan Juni - September 2016. Percobaan dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola faktorial 4 × 3, dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan pemberian kompos ela sagu terdiri atas: tanpa kompos (K0), 15 g/kg tanah (K1), 22,5 g/kg tanah (K2), 30 g/kg tanah (K3). Pemberian inokulum mikroorganisme antagonis terdiri atas: tanpa inokulum (A0), inokulum Trichoderma sp 20 mL (A1), dan inokulum Azotobacter sp 20 mL (A2), Percobaan menggunakan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah ditingkatkan oleh kompos dan mikroorganisme antagonis. Tetapi, pengaruh kompos tidak tergantung pada ada atau tidak adanya mikroorganisme antagonis dan sebaliknya. Kosentrasi Al-dd diturunkan oleh kompos dan mikroorganisme, tetapi pengaruh mikroorganisme hanya terjadi pada tanah yang tidak diberi kompos dan pada perlakuan 15 g/kg tanah (K1). Di atas dosis kompos tersebut pengaruh mikroorganisme tidak nyata. Konsentrasi P tersedia dan N total tanah ditingkatkan oleh kompos dan mikroorganisme, dan pengaruh kompos lebih besar jika disertai pemberian Azotobacter sp. Kata kunci: ‘ela’ sagu, kompos, mikroorganisme antagonis, tanah masam


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Rita Celano ◽  
Teresa Docimo ◽  
Anna Lisa Piccinelli ◽  
Patrizia Gazzerro ◽  
Marina Tucci ◽  
...  

Food waste is a serious problem for food processing industries, especially when it represents a loss of a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals. Increasing consumer demand for processed food poses the problem of minimizing waste by conversion into useful products. In this regard, onion (Allium cepa) waste consisting mainly of onion skin is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. Here, we characterized the flavonoid profiles and biological activities of onion skin wastes of two traditional varieties with protected geographical indication (PGI), the red “Rossa di Tropea” and the coppery “Ramata di Montoro”, typically cultivated in a niche area in southern Italy. The phytochemical profiles of exhaustive extracts, characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry, revealed that flavonols and anthocyanins were the characteristic metabolite classes of onion skins. Quercetin, quercetin glucosides and their dimer and trimer derivatives, and, among anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, were the most abundant bioactive compounds. The potential of onion skins was evaluated by testing several biological activities: ABTS/oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and in vitro alpha-glucosidase assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of the extracts and of their main compounds, respectively, and proliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay on human fibroblasts. In the present study, by observing various biological properties of “Rossa di Tropea” and “Ramata di Montoro” onion-dried skins, we clearly indicated that this agricultural waste can provide bioactive molecules for multiple applications, from industrial to nutraceutical and cosmetical sectors.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rachmania Juliastuti ◽  
Delftya Enhaperdhani ◽  
Rizka Uswatun Hasanah

<p>Excessive use of chemical fertilizers may degrade the physical condition of the soil so that solid organic fertilizer was developed. Organic fertilizer was made from organic materials derived from plants or animals that had been made by the engineering process. Organic fertilizers were used to supply organic matter to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. This experiment aimed to study the effect of a mixture of bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste and banana peels waste with bio-activator EM4 and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (<em>An</em>) to increase the content of potassium (K) in organic fertilizer and study the response of plant growth of chillies and eggplant against organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers were made from agricultural waste, such as bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste, and banana peels waste that still have organic content which was good for plant growth. Organic fertilizers were made by mixing bio ethanol solid waste, corn agricultural waste, and banana peels waste with a ratio (w/w)  of 1:2:3. After that, a mixture of EM4 and <em>An</em> with a ratio (v/v)  of 1:1, 2:3, 3:2, 1:3, 3:1 and without any bio-activator were added. Organic fertilizer produced in a rotary drum composter with air aeration 14 L · min<sup>–</sup><sup>1</sup> conducted for 15 d. The content of N, P and K on each variable of organic fertilizer will be analyzed. Then it was tested on chillies and eggplant. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of planting fruit on the plants of eggplant and chillies were measured. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that organic fertilizer with the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3  (v/v) increased the content of K up to 0.43 %. In accordance with SNI standards: 19-7030-2004, all test variables met the standards of the levels of N, and P; all organic fertilizers met the standard C/N ratio unless at the variables EM4:<em>An</em> 1:3 (v/v) and without bio-activator. For chillies, variable with the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3 (v/v) has the greatest weight, namely 0.95 g. Another variable, EM4:<em>An</em> 3:2 (v/v) can produced the amount of fruit up to 300 %. Where at the addition of EM4:<em>An</em> 2:3 (v/v) can produced eggplant fruit that weighs 24.01 g per harvest.</p>


Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.


2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Byrum ◽  
William Rodgers

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Samia Djadouf ◽  
Nasser Chelouah ◽  
Abdelkader Tahakourt

Sustainable development and environmental challenges incite to valorize local materials such as agricultural waste. In this context, a new ecological compressed earth blocks (CEBS) with addition of ground olive stone (GOS) was proposed. The GOS is added as partial clay replacement in different proportions. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOS levels on the thermal properties and mechanical behavior of CEB. We proceeded to determining the optimal water content and equivalent wet density by compaction using a hydraulic press, at a pressure of 10 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is reached at 15% of the GOS. This percentage increases the mechanical properties by 19.66%, and decreases the thermal conductivity by 37.63%. These results are due to the optimal water responsible for the consolidation and compactness of the clay matrix. The substitution up to 30% of GOS shows a decrease of compressive strength and thermal conductivity by about 38.38% and 50.64% respectively. The decrease in dry density and thermal conductivity is related to the content of GOS, which is composed of organic and porous fibers. The GOS seems promising for improving the thermo-mechanical characteristics of CEB and which can also be used as reinforcement in CEBS.


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