scholarly journals A Historical Perspective on Ageing and Capability

2022 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Ulrika Lagerlöf Nilsson ◽  
Helene Castenbrandt
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Older Citizens ◽  
Selma Lagerlof ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis chapter discusses the value of a capability approach in historical research on older people. Historians are generally focused on studying continuity and change over time. Their research often aims at explaining how and why certain phenomena appear and take different shapes. Capability is a way of capturing an individual’s ability to live a meaningful life, or a life that they perceive as good. A modern analytical tool such as the capability approach can be used for visualising historical patterns, even though individuals’ values of well-being change over time. In that sense, historical studies of individuals’ capabilities, or functions, can add another perspective to this theoretical framework.Old newspapers, biographies, diaries, letters, novels and government reports make it possible to understand which capabilities individuals and societies have valued for older citizens at different times. The meaning of functions differs over time and is dependent on several factors, such as gender and economic conditions, as well as social and civil status. This also means that conditions for a phenomenon such as retirement change over time, but they also differ depending on people’s previous life conditions. In this article, we explore these things using two different examples. Firstly, we discuss how Selma Lagerlöf, a woman with high social status, arranged for her retirement. The second example shows how women with low economic status struggled to retire at the time when universal pension reform was being implemented in Sweden.

Changes in Media Credibility when a Predicted Disaster Doesn't Happen

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Major ◽  
L. Erwin Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Earthquake Prediction ◽  
News Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptation Theory ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Public Response ◽  
Media Credibility ◽  
Over Time

This study examines public response to and perceived believability of information disseminated in the news media about a real-time earthquake prediction, and extends the body of media credibility research by examining these responses within the context of Taylor's (1983) cognitive adaptation theory. The theory focuses on people's illusions of well-being that under certain circumstances of threat can lead to adaptive behaviors and provides insights into why some people increased their assessments of message credibility while others lowered their evaluations; still others made no change over time in their assessments of message believability.

Psychosocial outcomes following surgery in women with unilateral, nonhereditary breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 570-570
Author(s):  
David Wai Lim ◽  
Helene Retrouvey ◽  
Isabel Kerrebijn ◽  
Kate Butler ◽  
Anne C O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bilateral Mastectomy ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Unilateral Mastectomy ◽  
Over Time

570 Background: Rates of bilateral mastectomy continue to rise in average-risk women with unilateral breast cancer. We aim to characterize psychosocial predictors of surgical procedure and how psychosocial outcomes change over time after surgery for breast cancer. Methods: A prospective cohort of women with unilateral, nonhereditary breast cancer were recruited at University Health Network in Toronto, Canada between 2014-2017. Women completed validated psychosocial questionnaires (BREAST-Q) pre-operatively, and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Outcomes were assessed between three surgical groups (unilateral lumpectomy, unilateral mastectomy, bilateral mastectomy). Predictors of surgical procedure were identified using a multinomial logistic regression model. Change in psychosocial scores over time according to procedure was assessed using linear mixed models. All models control for age, stage, reconstruction and treatment. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: 506 women underwent surgery as follows: 216 unilateral lumpectomy (43%), 181 unilateral mastectomy (36%) and 109 bilateral mastectomy (22%). In the multinomial regression model, younger age (p < .01), and lower chest physical (p = .03) and sexual well-being (p = .02) predicted having bilateral mastectomy over unilateral lumpectomy while younger age (p < .01) and lower disease stage (p = .02) predicted bilateral mastectomy over unilateral mastectomy. The mixed model demonstrates that breast satisfaction follows a non-linear pattern of change over time, with 6- but not 12-month scores being significantly different from baseline (p = .015). Procedure predicts baseline satisfaction (p = .016), with bilateral mastectomy having worse satisfaction than unilateral lumpectomy. Procedure also predicts change in satisfaction, with unilateral and bilateral mastectomy having lower scores across time than lumpectomy. While a significant improvement in psychological well-being is detected by 12 months (p = .02), those with unilateral and bilateral mastectomy have worse psychological well-being over time compared to lumpectomy. Women having mastectomy start with worse physical well-being than those in the lumpectomy group, but their physical well-being does not decline as much as the lumpectomy group over time (p < .01). Conclusions: Definitive surgical procedure affects the trajectory of psychosocial functioning over time. This emerging data may be used to further facilitate surgical decision-making in women considering contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

scholarly journals Time trends in adolescent mental well-being in Czechia between 2002 and 2018: Gender, age and socio-economic differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Cosma ◽  
András Költő ◽  
Petr Badura ◽  
Petr Winkler ◽  
Michal Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Recent literature points to a decline over time in adolescent mental well-being but results are inconsistent and rely mainly on data from Western societies. This study investigates time trends in adolescent mental well-being (psychological and somatic complaints, life satisfaction) among Czech adolescents and explores whether these time trends are moderated by gender, age and socio-economic status. Methods: Nationally representative data from 29,378 Czech adolescents (50.8% girls, M age = 13.43; SD age = 1.65) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018) were included in the analyses. Hierarchical regression models estimated national trends in adolescent mental well-being. We also tested whether these trends vary between girls and boys, adolescents of different age and from different socio-economic backgrounds. Results: Across the quadrennial surveys from 2002 to 2018, an increase in the psychological complaints was observed. Life satisfaction decreased over time up to 2014 only, whereas somatic symptoms increased until 2010, followed by a decline in 2014 and 2018. Girls, older adolescents and those from low family affluence reported poorer mental well-being outcomes. Gender gap increased over time for psychological complaints and life satisfaction. Socio-economic inequalities gap in adolescent mental well-being remained stable over the investigated timeframe. Conclusions: Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial temporal changes in mental well-being among adolescents in Czechia. Yet, only the increase in psychological complaints has been consistent which is an indicator of a decline over time in adolescent mental well-being. Furthermore, the gender gap in reporting psychological complaints and life satisfaction increased over time, whereas the age and socio-economic differences remained relatively stable. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy makers from Czechia. Keywords: Adolescence; mental health; mental well-being; well-being; gender; trends; age; socio-economic status; HBSC

Promoting Adolescent Girls’ Well-Being in Pakistan: a Mixed-Methods Study of Change Over Time, Feasibility, and Acceptability, of the COMPASS Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khudejha Asghar ◽  
Yana Mayevskaya ◽  
Marni Sommer ◽  
Ayesha Razzaque ◽  
Betsy Laird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Social Relations and Technology: Continuity, Context, and Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni C Antonucci ◽  
Kristine J Ajrouch ◽  
Jasmine A Manalel
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Social relations, although basic to human nature, health and well-being, have become increasingly complicated as a result of changing population demography and technology. In this essay, we provide a historical overview of social relations, especially as they affect older people. We briefly review the evolution of theory and measurement surrounding social relations as well as early empirical evidence. We consider how social relations have changed over time as well as continuity and change regarding basic characteristics of social relations. Of special interest is the emerging influence of technology on how people maintain contact, especially the changing ways people can use technology to increase, decrease, maintain, or avoid social relations. We consider both negative and positive aspects of these new technologies and their influence on health and well-being. Finally, we conclude that new and emerging technologies hold great promise for the future by overcoming traditional barriers to maintaining social contact, support exchange, and information acquisition. Nevertheless, we caution that these new technologies can have the dehumanizing effect of distance thus creating the potential for insensitivity and increased negativity. In sum, we are cautiously optimistic about the promise of technology to expand, but not replace, traditional forms of social contact.

How Does Spiritual Well-Being Change Over Time in Patients with Heart Failure, and What Predicts Change? (SCI919)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-680
Author(s):  
Lubin Deng ◽  
Katherine Doyon ◽  
Paula Langner ◽  
Kevin Masters ◽  
Shaunna Siler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Steinmayr ◽  
Linda Wirthwein ◽  
Laura Modler ◽  
Margaret M. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Academic Tracks ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Over Time

Despite the importance of subjective well-being (SWB) for students’ mental and physical health, there is a lack of longitudinal studies investigating the development of SWB in adolescents and what factors are associated with it over time. The present study seeks to shed further light on this question by investigating adolescents longitudinally. A sample of German academic tracks students (N = 476) from five schools were followed longitudinally over a time period of 30 months with four measurement points from Grade 11 to Grade 13. Alongside the longitudinal assessment of SWB (mood and life satisfaction), a range of other factors were also assessed at t1 including; demographic factors (sex, age, socio-economic status (HISEI)), intelligence, grades (report cards provided by the schools), personality (neuroticism, extraversion) and perceived parental expectations and support. Latent growth curve models were conducted to investigate the development of SWB and its correlates. On average, mood and life satisfaction improved at the end of mandatory schooling. However, students significantly differed in this pattern of change. Students’ life satisfaction developed more positively if students had good grades at t1. Furthermore, even though introverted students started with lower life satisfaction at t1, extraverts’ life showed greater increases over time. Changes in mood were associated with socio-economic background; the higher the HISEI the more positive the change. As social comparisons in school performance are almost inevitable, schools should intervene to buffer the influence of school grades on students’ SWB.

scholarly journals Health Starting Points: Continuity and Change in Physical and Mental Health before and during the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110253
Author(s):  
Wendy Manning ◽  
Monica Longmore ◽  
Peggy Giordano ◽  
Cameron Douthat
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

The pandemic has created multiple changes in the lives of Americans, with growing and widespread concerns about the implications for the nation’s health and well-being. Most empirical examinations of the physical and mental health implications of the pandemic have rested on aggregate comparisons of prepandemic and pandemic indicators of health. The authors contribute to this body of work by considering continuity and change in health and well-being over time. The authors draw on respondents in a population-based sample with repeated health measures of physical health, depressive symptoms, and anxiety collected prior to the pandemic and subsequently during the pandemic. Using Sankey figures, the authors illustrate their health pathways and as a result highlight the importance of a longitudinal lens on assessments of health. The authors find health starting points are critical to understanding distribution and levels of physical and emotional health issues during the pandemic.

scholarly journals A Particular Kind of Wonder: The Experience of Magic past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Magic Trick ◽  
Over Time

Wonder may be an important emotion, but the term wonder is remarkably ambiguous. For centuries, in psychological discourse, it has been defined as a variety of things. In an attempt to be more focused, and given the growing scientific interest in magic, this article describes a particular kind of wonder: the response to a magic trick. It first provides a historical perspective by considering continuity and change over time in this experience, and argues that, in certain respects, this particular kind of wonder has changed. It then describes in detail the experience of magic, considers the extent to which it might be considered acquired rather than innate, and how it relates to other emotions, such as surprise. In the process, it discusses the role of belief and offers some suggestions for future research. It concludes by noting the importance of context and meaning in shaping the nature of the experience, and argues for the value of both experimental and historical research in the attempt to understand such experiences.

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