scholarly journals The International Childbirth Initiative: An Applied Anthropologist’s Account of Developing Global Guidelines

2022 ◽  
pp. 179-197
Author(s):  
Robbie Davis-Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Creation Story ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Movements

AbstractThis chapter describes my personal experiences as an applied anthropologist serving as the lead editor in the development of a set of international guidelines focused on improving quality of maternity care: the International Childbirth Initiative (ICI): 12 Steps to Safe and Respectful MotherBaby-Family Maternity Care (2018). The ICI’s purpose is to encourage global awareness and local implementation of the MotherBaby-Family Model of Care. This is a model based on women’s rights and humane, respectful, family-centered care. The ICI’s creation story is continuous with global movements to improve the quality of maternity care and with a deep history of birth activism by practitioners, public health advocates, and social scientists aimed at decreasing unnecessary medical intervention in childbirth. This narrative is widely relevant for understanding how to develop and implement global guidelines that can flexibly adapt to local contexts. The ICI was developed by the merging of the 2015 FIGO Guidelines to Mother-Baby Friendly Birthing Facilities with the pre-existing International MotherBaby Childbirth Initiative (IMBCI) in an intense and rewarding group process. The chapter discusses factors that contributed to the successful development of clear global guidelines for high-quality maternity care. These include attention to process, alignment with key values of the women’s health and midwifery movements, multilevel collaboration and networking around a clear vision, garnering input from many people with diverse voices and perspectives, and patience with and commitment to the tasks at hand.

The Idea of the Welfare State

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Moon
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Welfare State

The welfare state rests upon a commitment to equality, such that the provision of services, and the type and quality of services that are provided, are not differentiated by class or other markers of unequal status. This article outlines the history of welfare state theorizing, beginning with a discourse that is likely to be most familiar to Anglophone audiences, which view the welfare state as emerging from a critical, and largely internal, interrogation of liberalism, with its commitment to juridical equality, individualism, and liberty. In much of continental Europe, where liberal ideas were less established, the idea of a welfare state emerged from a critical, and again largely internal, interrogation of socialism—more particularly, Marxism—with its commitment to solidarity, science, and positive freedom. Although discourse about the scope and structure of social policy continued to engage large issues of political philosophy, social scientists began to raise narrower and more technical questions about the effectiveness of the policies and programs of the welfare state.

Quality assurance in maternity care

1993 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Marion H. Hall ◽  
Rosemary Currell
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women’S Views

SynopsisThe quality of care for pregnant women and their babies must be a high priority to ensure the health of future generations. Unique features are the need to deal with at least two ‘patients’, that the process of parturition is usually normal, and that there is a long history of incorporating women's views into definitions of good care. Methods of assessing structure, process and outcome of care are described, and the limited evidence of their efficacy in improving care. High-quality care in the future will require collaboration between women, midwives, family doctors and obstetricians.

scholarly journals THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF MATERNITY CARE “WOMEN CENTERED CARE” BASED ON THE REPORT OF CONTINUITY OF CARE (COC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rr Sri Nuriaty Masdiputri
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Evidence Based Care

Background: The mortality rate of maternal woman in Indonesia has significantly increased reaching 359 per 100.000 live births. One solution to decrease the number of mortality rate of maternal woman is through high quality maternity care. The qualified midwifes come from a standard of education based on the philosophy of maternity care. Continuity care (COC)maternal clinic model of learning is proven in giving wide chances for the student to learn the philosophy. Objectives: reveals the level and form of students’ comprehension toward the maternity care “woman centered care”philosophy, the application of PKK-CoC, and the quality of maternity careCoC in STIKES Estu Utomo Boyolali. Method: this study is carried under mixed method and sequential explanatory strategy. The quatitative parts are fulfilled by the use of analitic descriptive design, while the quantitative side is carried under case study design. The population and sample of this study is 55 students of STIKES Estu Utomo Boyolali who have taken PKK-CoC. The sample for qualitative design is taken using mixed purposive sampling which are criterion and intensity sampling. Result: qualitatively, students overall comprehension is good. However, the documentation of maternity carein partnership care is still ineffective. Quantitatively, students overall comprehension on personalized care, holistic care, collaborative care, and evidence based care is also good. Partnership care is the only aspect considered in effective. Conclusion: the maternitycare continuity of care shows that client and family are in good heatlth, all the caregiven shows zero mortality rate, client fells safe and comfortable, and client has correct and fast care. It is also found that students’ confidence, skills, and comprehension are increased. It is suggested that the stakeholder can include the PKK-CoC model into curriculum of midwife education

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

Assessment of Individual Student Performance in Online Team Projects

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Alden
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Group Project ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Projects

The use of team projects has been shown to be beneficial in higher education. There is also general agreement that team efforts should be assessed and that the grading ought to represent both (1) the quality of the product developed jointly by the team as well as (2) the degree of participation and quality of contribution by each individual student involved in the group process. The latter grading requirement has posed a challenge to faculty so the question addressed in this paper is “How should individual team members in online courses be assessed for the extent and quality of their contributions to the group project?” To answer this question, four common team member evaluation practices were reviewed and compared to seven criteria representing positive attributes of an assessment practice in an online learning environment. Whereas the Peer Assessment practice received the greatest support in the literature in face-to-face courses, this study that considered the perceptions of graduate faculty and students recommended the Faculty Review practice as the default assessment

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

Customer's self-audit to improve the technical quality of maternity care in Tabriz: a community trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Gholipour ◽  
Jafar Tabrizi ◽  
Mohammad asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Shabnam Iezadi ◽  
Nasrin Farshbaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Community Trial

РАССКАЗЫ В.ШУКШИНА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ИХ НА КЫРГЫЗСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Джээнбүбү Бегеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Psychological Feature ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Problems Of Translation

Аннотация. В статье анализируется качество переводов рассказов В.Шукшина, осуществленных в середине 70-х годов С. Наматбаевым. Переводоведческий анализ вывил многочисленные стилевые расхождения между оригиналом и переводом. При переводе одного из лучших рассказов Шукшина «Чудик» искажения стиля не передали психологические тонкости рассказа. При переводе рассказа «Дядя Ермолай» философский аспект рассказа выпал, так как переводчик исказил жанровую специфику. Перевод рассказа «Два письма» оказался более качественным по сравнению с предыдущими. Переводчик рассказа «Два письма» сумел приблизиться к оригиналу, расшифровать его основную тональность, воспроизвести атмосферу напряженных поисков истины героем рассказа Николаем Иванычем. Этот перевод оказался более качественно выполненным по сравнению с предыдущим рассказом «Дядя Ермолай». Причину переводческого успеха можно объяснить, прежде всего, доступностью содержания рассказа, да и сам герой не столь сложная и глубокая личность, как повествователь в рассказе о дяде Ермолае. В целом, переводы С.Наматбаева являются своеобраз- ным этапом в переводческом деле. В настоящее время необходимо более полное и глубокое восприятие творчества В.Шукшина и создания новых адекватных переводов. Ключевые слова: качество переводов, стилевые расхождения, психологические тонкости, философский аспект, этапом. Аннотация. Макалада В.Шукшиндин аңгемелеринин кыргыз тилине которуудагы сапаты каралат, котормолор 1970-жылдары котормочу С.Наматбаев аркылуу жаралган. Котормонун сапатына талдоо жүргүзгөндө көпчүлүк каталар табылган, алардын эң олуттуусу стилдердин айырмасы, негизги чыгарма менен котормонун ортосунда. Мисалы, “Чудик” деген аңгеменин психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү жоголуп кеткен. “Ермолай байке” деген аңгемеде жанрдын туура эмес берилишинен жазуучунун негизги ою жоголуп кеткен. “Эки кат” деген аңгеме беркилерге караганда сапаттуу которулган. Котормочу " Эки кат" деген аңгемени оригиналга жакындатып которгон. Башкы каарман Николай Иванычтын изденүүлөрүн, ойлорун, чындыкты табууга аракеттерин Шукшинден кем эмес окуучуларга жеткирген. Котормочунун жетишкендиги аңгеменин түшүнүктүү мазмуну менен түшүндүрсө болот, жана Николай Ивановичтин жөнөкөйлүгү менен. С.Наматбаевдын котормолору каталарына карабастан котормочулук иште алдыга жылуу болгон. Бирок, азыркы заманда сапаттуу котормо жаратууда мезгил келди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: которуудагы сапаты, стилдердин айырмасы, психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү, негизги ою жоголуп. Annotation. The quality of translation of the Shukshins stories is analyzed in the Middle 70- years. By S.Namatbaev. The translation analysis had idenh hed numerous style discrepancies between the original and the translation. The psychological feature of the compasihion were not be hansfered by the translation one the bestand famous story by. V.Shukshin due to distorhion of the style. By the translation of the story “The uncle Ermolai” had full a phisichal aspect of the story, because the translator had distorted the genre specifics. The translation of the stories “Two letters” was wade more qualitative comparated with another stories. Generally, the Namatbaevs translation are a sui generis stage in the translatiobs. We need currently more total and profound perception of the creation by V.Shukshin. The create of the new adeavate translation is the main task. The head of the theory and history of Russian literature department. V. Shukshin’s stories and problems of translation them into Kyrgyz language. This article is analysed the quality of translation of V. Shukshin’s stories, which were written in 70 th with S. Namatbaev. Translation analyse deduced many stylistic variations between translated version and original. There is a misrepresentation, was not transmitted psychological subtleties of the story in translation of one of the best V. Shuk- shin’s story “Wierdo”. Metaphysical dimension is disappeared in translation of the story “Uncle Ermolai”, since translator destort the genre specificity. The translation of the story “Two letters” has been more qualitative in comparison with previous translations. In common, S. Namatbaev’s translation is a genius stage in translation. It needs more full and deep comprehension of S. Shukshin’s work and to establish new suitable translation. Key words: Quality of translation, stylistic variation, psychological subtleties, metaphysical dimension, stage.

Sustainability Failure in the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Secondary Care Hospital from Cuba: A Historical Review of 30 Years and 3 Shots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Guanche Garcell ◽  
Juan José Pisonero Socias ◽  
Gilberto Pardo Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: During the last 30 years an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) was implemented in a facility with periods of weakness. We aim to describe the history of the sustainability failure in the local ASP. Methods: A historical review was conducted using original data from the facility library and papers published. An analysis of factors related to the failure was conducted based on the Doyle approach. Results: The first ASP was implemented from 1989 to 1996 based on the international experiences and contributes to the improvement in the quality of prescription, reduction of 52% in cost and in the incidence of nosocomial infection. The second program restarts in 2008 and decline in 2015, while the third program was guided by the Pan-American Health Organization from 2019. This program, in progress, is more comprehensive than previous ones and introduced as a novel measure the monitoring of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. The factors related to the sustainability were considered including the availability of antimicrobials, the leader´s support, safety culture, and infrastructure. Conclusions: The history behind thirty years of experiences in antimicrobial stewardship programs has allowed us to identify the gaps that require proactive strategies and actions to achieve sustainability and continuous quality improvement.

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