Sex Differences in Short-Term Mating Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 7175-7181
Author(s):  
David P Schmitt ◽  
David M Buss
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mating Preferences

scholarly journals Gender-specific modulation of short-term neuroplasticity in the visual cortex induced by transcranial direct current stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEILA CHAIEB ◽  
ANDREA ANTAL ◽  
WALTER PAULUS
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method of modulating levels of cortical excitability. In this study, data gathered over a number of previously conducted experiments before and after tDCS, has been re-analyzed to investigate correlations between sex differences with respect to neuroplastic effects. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs), phosphene thresholds (PTs), and contrast sensitivity measurements (CSs) are used as indicators of the excitability of the primary visual cortex. The data revealed that cathodally induced excitability effects 10 min post stimulation with tDCS, showed no significant difference between genders. However, stimulation in the anodal direction revealed sex-specific effects: in women, anodal stimulation heightened cortical excitability significantly when compared to the age-matched male subject group. There was no significant difference between male and female subjects immediately after stimulation. These results indicate that sex differences exist within the visual cortex of humans, and may be subject to the influences of modulatory neurotransmitters or gonadal hormones which mirror short-term neuroplastic effects.

Men's and Women's Mating Preferences: Distinct Evolutionary Mechanisms?

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Carol Miller ◽  
Anila Putcha-Bhagavatula ◽  
William C. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Species Comparisons

Have men and women evolved sex-distinct mating preferences for short-term and long-term mating, as postulated by some evolutionary theorists? Direct tests of assumptions, consideration of confounds with gender, and examination of the same variables for both sexes suggest men and women are remarkably similar. Furthermore, cross-species comparisons indicate that humans do not evidence mating mechanisms indicative of short-term mating (e.g., large female sexual skins, large testicles). Understanding human variability in mating preferences is apt to involve more detailed knowledge of the links between these preferences and biological and chemical mechanisms associated with sexual motivation, sexual arousal, and sexual functioning.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the acceptability and short‐term outcomes of a web‐based personalized feedback alcohol intervention for high school seniors

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1724-1740
Author(s):  
Diana M. Doumas ◽  
Susan Esp ◽  
Rob Turrisi ◽  
Laura Bond ◽  
Sherise Porchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Web Based

Sex differences in learning and memory following short‐term dietary restriction in the rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Rajab ◽  
Batool Alqanbar ◽  
Mohammed J. Naiser ◽  
Habib A. Abdulla ◽  
Monaf M. Al‐Momen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Alteration of Blinking and Sex Differences During Physical Exercise Affect Tear Osmolarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Adam Wylęgała ◽  
Bogumiła Sędziak-Marcinek ◽  
Jan Pilch ◽  
Edward Wylęgała
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Medium Intensity ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Physical exertion leads to the rise in tear osmolarity. However, previous studies have been conducted mostly on males and did not consider sex differences and the possible alteration in blinking during physical exercise. Sixteen women and 18 men aged 25.09 ± 1.70 were divided into equal groups with eyes open and shut. Participants performed 8-min medium-intensity exercise and 5-min intense exercise on a cycloergometer. Tear osmolarity (in mOsm/L) was evaluated before ( T0), after medium-intensity (T1) and intense exercise (T2). The blinking rate was assessed in a group with eyes open. Tear brake up time was measured in T0 and T1. With tear osmolarity measuring 305.72 ± 1.22 and 313.56 ± 1.90 for men and women, respectively, we observed significant differences in T1. In T2, tear osmolarity in men was 303.3 ± 1.28 vs. 310.87 ± 1.36 in women. The blinking rate decreased from 14.24 ± 2.54/min in T0 to 9.41 ± 2.83/min in T1. There was a statistically significant change in tear osmolarity in both groups, that is, in the group with eyes shut from 300.53 ± 1.37 in T0 to 308.06 ± 1.55 in T1 to 304.88 ± 1.54 in T2. In the group with eyes open, tear osmolarity increased from 300.29 ± 1.37 in T0 to 310.76 ± 1.55 in T1 and then dropped to 308.88 ± 1.54 in T2. Tear brake up time measured in T0 was 14.7 ± 1.43 vs. 13.53 ±1.48 in the open eyes condition. Due to physical exercise, short-term changes in tear osmolarity are partially caused by altered blinking. Sex differences in tear osmolarity in response to exertion may confirm the relationship between total body water and tear osmolarity.

scholarly journals Effects of Age, Sex, Disease, and Exercise Training on Lip Muscle Strength

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie Wong ◽  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Robert W. Spitz ◽  
Zachary W. Bell ◽  
Yujiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Directional Change

Lip muscle strength has been shown to influence daily functional activities such as facial expression, speech production, and eating. In this review, recent literature regarding lip strength and exercise training responses are summarized, highlighting the influence of sex, age, and disease (e.g., stroke). A search using five electronic databases was conducted. Twelve studies were identified from the search, which included five studies using healthy adults and seven studies using patients with diseases or chronic ailments. Regardless of the population, lip strength training multiple times a day for a relatively short term (<24 weeks) has resulted in improvements of lip muscle strength. This change in lip strength has been observed in both young and old participants. Although changes in strength have been observed in both men and women, we are unaware of any studies that have tested whether there are sex differences in this response. The same directional change can be expected for patients with stroke and patients with lip incompetence, but the magnitude of the training effect seems to be higher in healthy people.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document